对氯甲苯催化氧化制备对氯苯甲醛的研究进展
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摘要
对氯苯甲醛是一种广泛用于医药、农药和染料的精细化工中间体,发展其绿色合成工艺极具挑战性和重大意义。本文较为系统地综述了催化氧化对氯甲苯为对氯苯甲醛的制备方法,重点阐述了H_2O_2氧化法、空气/氧气氧化法、电解氧化法和仿生催化氧化法的工艺条件,比较了间接电氧化合成方法中的各种金属媒质,讨论了各种制备方法的优缺点,分析了其相应的合成方法在工业开发上的可行性及存在的问题。此外,简要介绍了利用光催化法选择性氧化对氯甲苯合成对氯苯甲醛的方法。通过对几种合成方法的比较,指出以H_2O_2和分子氧为氧化剂液相催化氧化对氯甲苯来合成对氯苯甲醛是较为经济、环保的合成方法,电解氧化法和仿生催化氧化法将为对氯苯甲醛制备提供另一条新型技术途径。
p-Chlorobenzaldehyde is an intermediate for many fine chemicals and it is widely used in the production of pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and dyes. It is significant but also very challengingto develop a green process for the catalytic synthesis of p-chlorobenzaldehyde. Herein synthesis of p-chlorobenzaldehyde by catalytic oxidation of p-chlorotoluene was reviewed. Emphasis was put on theoxidation of p-chlorotoluene with H_2O_2, air/O_2 or electro-oxidation, and biomimetic catalytic method. Theadvantages and disadvantages of these methods were described systematically, and the feasibility andexisting problems in their industrial development were pointed out. In addition, the selective oxidation of p-chlorobenzene to p-chlorobenzaldehyde by photocatalysis was also introduced. After comparison ofdifferent synthesis methods, we point out that the liquid phase oxidation of p-chlorobenzene by using H_2O_2 and molecular oxygen as oxidant shows good industrial application prospect. Meanwhile, the electro-oxidation and biomimetic catalytic oxidation will provide new techniques for the preparation of p-chlorobenzaldehyde.
p-Chlorobenzaldehyde is an intermediate for many fine chemicals and it is widely used in the production of pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and dyes. It is significant but also very challengingto develop a green process for the catalytic synthesis of p-chlorobenzaldehyde. Herein synthesis of p-chlorobenzaldehyde by catalytic oxidation of p-chlorotoluene was reviewed. Emphasis was put on theoxidation of p-chlorotoluene with H_2O_2, air/O_2 or electro-oxidation, and biomimetic catalytic method. Theadvantages and disadvantages of these methods were described systematically, and the feasibility andexisting problems in their industrial development were pointed out. In addition, the selective oxidation of p-chlorobenzene to p-chlorobenzaldehyde by photocatalysis was also introduced. After comparison ofdifferent synthesis methods, we point out that the liquid phase oxidation of p-chlorobenzene by using H_2O_2 and molecular oxygen as oxidant shows good industrial application prospect. Meanwhile, the electro-oxidation and biomimetic catalytic oxidation will provide new techniques for the preparation of p-chlorobenzaldehyde.
引文
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[22]马建泰,张锋.对氯甲苯液相催化氧化制对氯苯甲醛的催化剂:CN101138729A[P]. 2008-03-12.MA Jiantai, ZHANG Feng. Catalyzer for liquid-phase catalyticoxidation producing of chlorobenzaldehyde by using p-chlorotoluene:CN101138729A[P]. 2008-03-12.
[23] PARTENHEIMER W. The effect of zirconium in metal/bromidecatalysts during the autoxidation of p-xylene:PartⅠ. Activationand changes in benzaldehyde intermediate formation[J]. Journal ofMolecular Catalysis A:Chemical, 2003, 206(1/2):105-119.
[24] PARTENHEIMER W. The effect of zirconium in metal/bromidecatalysts on the autoxidation of p-xylene:PartⅡ. Alternativemetals to zirconium and the effect of zirconium on manganese(Ⅳ)dioxide formation and precipitation with pyromellitic acid[J].Journal of Molecular Catalysis A:Chemical, 2003, 206(1/2):131-144.
[25] PARTENHEIMER W. Methodology and scope of metal/bromideautoxidation of hydrocarbons[J]. Catalysis Today, 1995, 23(2):69-158.
[26] JHUNG S H, LEE K H, PARK Y S. Effects of alkali metals on theliquid phase oxidation of p-xylene[J]. Applied Catalysis A:General, 2002, 230(1/2):31-40.
[27] JHUNG S H, LEE K H, PARK Y S. Liquid phase oxidation ofxylenes:effects of water concentration and alkali metals[J].Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 2002, 23(1):59-64.
[28] LUO J, ZHANG Q, HUANG A, et al. Total oxidation of volatileorganic compounds with hydrophobic cryptomelane-typeoctahedral molecular sieves[J]. Microporous and MesoporousMaterials, 2000, 35:209-217.
[29] WANG R, LI J. Effects of precursor and sulfation on OMS-2catalyst for oxidation of ethanol and acetaldehyde at lowtemperatures[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2010, 44(11):4282-4287.
[30] DING Y, SHEN X, SITHAMBARAM S, et al. Synthesis andcatalytic activity of cryptomelane-type manganese dioxidenanomaterials produced by a novel solvent-free method[J].Chemistry of Materials, 2005, 17(21):5382-5389.
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