季节性冻土区融雪入渗对地下水的补给作用分析
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摘要
为了分析季节性冻土区春季融雪入渗对地下水的补给作用,通过对小型野外试验场地气温、地下水位和土壤温度以及土壤湿度动态的系统监测,分析了冻结期和融冻期间地下水位动态的变化特征及其与相关环境要素的对应关系。在此基础上,分析了冻土层渗透性的影响因素,提出了季节性冻土区不同冻融阶段相应的地下水补给模式。研究结果表明:季节性冻土区大气降水入渗量应分非冻结期、冻结期以及融冻期三个时段进行计算,其中冻结期大气降水以降雪形式出现,对地下水无入渗补给作用;春季融冻期间,在冻结期内产生的积雪开始融化,可单独或与大气降雨一起入渗,并对地下水产生较为明显补给作用,但入渗补给系数相对较小,在本文的实例研究场地内,融冻期的融雪(降水)入渗补给系数仅为非冻结期大气降水入渗系数的1/2左右。
In order to analyze the recharging effect from snowmelt infiltration on groundwater within the seasonal frozen-soil region,the corresponding relationship between the dynamic variation characteristics of the groundwater level and the correlative environmental factors during both the frozen period and the frozen-thaw period is analyzed herein through the systematic dynamic monitoring on the ground temperature,groundwater level,soil temperature and soil humidity of a small-sized field experiment site. On the basis of this,the impacting factor of the permeability of frozen-soil layer is analyzed,and then the corresponding groundwater recharging modes for different frozen-thaw stages in the seasonal frozen-soil region are proposed. The study result shows that the infiltration of the atmospheric precipitation within the seasonal frozen-soil region must be calculated in three time intervals,i. e.,non-frozen period,frozen period and frozen-thaw period,in which the atmospheric precipitation during frozen period occurs in form of snowfall without any recharging effect on groundwater. During the frozen-thaw period in spring,the accumulated snow begins to thaw,which can infiltrate alone or together with the atmospheric precipitation and has a more significant recharging effect on groundwater,however,the infiltration recharging coefficient is relatively less. In the area of the actual case for the study made herein,the recharging coefficient of the snowmelt( precipitation) infiltration during the frozen-thaw period is only about 1/2 of the infiltration coefficient of the atmospheric precipitation during the non-frozen period.
In order to analyze the recharging effect from snowmelt infiltration on groundwater within the seasonal frozen-soil region,the corresponding relationship between the dynamic variation characteristics of the groundwater level and the correlative environmental factors during both the frozen period and the frozen-thaw period is analyzed herein through the systematic dynamic monitoring on the ground temperature,groundwater level,soil temperature and soil humidity of a small-sized field experiment site. On the basis of this,the impacting factor of the permeability of frozen-soil layer is analyzed,and then the corresponding groundwater recharging modes for different frozen-thaw stages in the seasonal frozen-soil region are proposed. The study result shows that the infiltration of the atmospheric precipitation within the seasonal frozen-soil region must be calculated in three time intervals,i. e.,non-frozen period,frozen period and frozen-thaw period,in which the atmospheric precipitation during frozen period occurs in form of snowfall without any recharging effect on groundwater. During the frozen-thaw period in spring,the accumulated snow begins to thaw,which can infiltrate alone or together with the atmospheric precipitation and has a more significant recharging effect on groundwater,however,the infiltration recharging coefficient is relatively less. In the area of the actual case for the study made herein,the recharging coefficient of the snowmelt( precipitation) infiltration during the frozen-thaw period is only about 1/2 of the infiltration coefficient of the atmospheric precipitation during the non-frozen period.
引文
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[11]唐保春,马月花,权国苍,等.冻土冻融对地下水的影响:以祁连山多年冻土区大通河谷融区为例[J].地质科技情报,2016,35(4):164-171.
[12]赵洪书.季节性冻土区的地下水状况及其研究方法[J].土壤学报,1981,18(4):389-394.
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[15]郭占荣,韩双平,荆恩春.西北内陆盆地冻结—冻融期的地下水补给与损耗[J].水科学进展,2005,16(3):321-325.
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[17]高永,胡春元,董智,等.冻土冻结过程中水分迁移动向的研究[J].林业科学,2000,36(4):126-128.
[18]郑秀清,樊贵盛.土壤含水率对季节性冻土入渗特性影响的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(6):52-55.
[19]李天霄,付强,刘东.寒区冬季大田土壤入渗特性试验研究[C]//戴长雷.寒区水循环及冰工程研究—第2届“寒区水资源及其可持续利用”学术研讨会论文集.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009:97-101.
[20]张虎,张建明,张致龙,等.冻结状态青藏粉质黏土的渗透系数测量研究[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(6):1030-1035.
[21]樊贵盛,郑秀清,潘光在.地下水埋深对冻融土壤水分入渗特性影响的试验研究[J].水利学报,1999,30(3):21-26.
[22]MARC L,JEAN-MARIE K.An extension of the capillary and thin film flow model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of air-free frozen porous media[J].Water resources research,2012,48(7):1-14.
[2]吴谋松,王康,谭霄,等.土壤冻融过程中水流迁移特性及通量模拟[J].水科学进展,2013,24(4):543-550.
[3]樊贵盛,郑秀清,贾宏骥.季节性冻融土壤的冻融特点和减渗特性的研究[J].土壤学报,2000,37(1):24-32.
[4]梁建.气候变化环境下新疆喀什冰川河流融雪径流动态响应研究[J].水利规划与设计,2017(5):41-43,62.
[5]段超宇,司建宁.基于SWAT模型的寒旱区积雪与融雪期径流模拟应用研究—以锡林河流域上游为例[J].中国农村水利水电,2017(2):94-97.
[6]周育琳,穆振侠.天山西部山区融雪年径流水文特性分析[J].水电能源科学,2017,35(6):10-13,34.
[7]雷志栋,尚松浩,杨诗秀,等.地下水浅埋条件下越冬期土壤水热迁移的数值模拟[J].冰川冻土,1998,20(1):51-54.
[8]尚松浩,雷志栋,杨诗秀,等.冻融期地下水位变化情况下土壤水分运动的初步研究[J].农业工程学报,1999,15(2):64-68.
[9]黄兴法,曾德超,练国平.土壤水热盐运动模型的建立与初步验证[J].农业工程学报,1997,13(3):32-36.
[10]郭占荣,荆恩春,聂振龙,等.冻结期和冻融期土壤水分运移特征分析[J].水科学进展,2002,13(3):298-302.
[11]唐保春,马月花,权国苍,等.冻土冻融对地下水的影响:以祁连山多年冻土区大通河谷融区为例[J].地质科技情报,2016,35(4):164-171.
[12]赵洪书.季节性冻土区的地下水状况及其研究方法[J].土壤学报,1981,18(4):389-394.
[13]孙香太,刘文良,吴一凡.黑龙江省地下水位动态特征及动态资料分析[J].黑龙江水专学报,1999,26(2):5-7.
[14]荆继红,韩双平,王新忠,等.冻结—冻融过程中水分运移机理[J].地球学报,2007,28(1):50-54.
[15]郭占荣,韩双平,荆恩春.西北内陆盆地冻结—冻融期的地下水补给与损耗[J].水科学进展,2005,16(3):321-325.
[16]戴长雷,孙思淼,叶勇.高寒区土壤包气带融雪入渗特征及其影响因素分析[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(3):269-272.
[17]高永,胡春元,董智,等.冻土冻结过程中水分迁移动向的研究[J].林业科学,2000,36(4):126-128.
[18]郑秀清,樊贵盛.土壤含水率对季节性冻土入渗特性影响的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(6):52-55.
[19]李天霄,付强,刘东.寒区冬季大田土壤入渗特性试验研究[C]//戴长雷.寒区水循环及冰工程研究—第2届“寒区水资源及其可持续利用”学术研讨会论文集.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009:97-101.
[20]张虎,张建明,张致龙,等.冻结状态青藏粉质黏土的渗透系数测量研究[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(6):1030-1035.
[21]樊贵盛,郑秀清,潘光在.地下水埋深对冻融土壤水分入渗特性影响的试验研究[J].水利学报,1999,30(3):21-26.
[22]MARC L,JEAN-MARIE K.An extension of the capillary and thin film flow model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of air-free frozen porous media[J].Water resources research,2012,48(7):1-14.
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