极端干旱对荒漠草原群落物种多样性和地上生物量碳氮的影响

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英文篇名：Effect of Extreme Drought on the Community Species Diversity and Aboveground Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen in the Desert-steppe Region in Northern China 作者：张蕊 ; 赵学勇 ; 王少昆 ; 左小安 ; 王瑞雄 英文作者：ZHANG Rui;ZHAO Xueyong;WANG Shaokun;ZUO Xiaoan;WANG Ruixiong;Urat Desert-grassland Research Station/Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 关键词：荒漠草原 ; 物种多样性 ; 生物量 ; 碳密度 ; 极端干旱 英文关键词：desert-grassland;;species diversity;;biomass;;carbon density;;extreme drought 中文刊名：TRYJ 英文刊名：Ecology and Environmental Sciences 机构：中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院乌拉特荒漠草原研究站/奈曼沙漠化研究站;中国科学院大学; 出版日期：2019-04-18 出版单位：生态环境学报 年：2019 期：v.28 基金：国家科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY100200);; 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所基础资源调查:科尔沁沙生植物资源调查;; 内蒙古自治区科技重大专项课题“内蒙古沙地治理技术及生态演变分析评估”;; 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500506) 语种：中文; 页：TRYJ201904010 页数：8 CN：04 ISSN：44-1661/X 分类号：77-84

摘要

极端干旱及其对植物群落物种多样性的影响是气候变化及其影响评估的重要内容之一,而有关干旱荒漠草原区气候变化与植物群落多样性及其功能关系的研究鲜见报道。为明晰极端干旱对荒漠草原物种多样性和地上生物量的影响,利用野外极端干旱处理试验平台,研究了荒漠草原沙生针茅群落物种多样性和地上生物量及其碳、氮密度对极端干旱的响应特征。结果表明,极端干旱改变了荒漠草原沙生针茅(Stipa glareosa)群落的物种组成,进而使物种多样性发生变化。在8月份,生长季5-8月截雨66%和6-7月干旱60 d两种极端干旱处理都降低了群落的Shannon-Wiener指数和物种丰富度指数。两种极端干旱处理使地上现存生物量较对照降低了50%以上(P<0.05)。生长季5-8月截雨66%干旱处理使凋落物生物量较对照降低了61%(P<0.05),同时使凋落物生物量的碳氮密度显著低于对照。两种极端干旱处理使地上现存生物量的碳氮密度显著低于对照。因此,极端干旱不仅改变了荒漠草原群落的物种组成,而且改变了地上生物量,影响了植被碳氮密度,从而减弱荒漠草原植物群落地上部分的碳氮汇功能。
        Extreme drought and its impact on plant species diversity is one of the important issues of climate change and its impact assessment. However, there are few studies on the relationship between climate change and plant community diversity and its function in desert-steppe. To address this knowledge gap, responses of the Stipa glareosa community species diversity, aboveground biomass and its carbon and nitrogen density to extreme drought was examined by an in situ experimental platform in desertgrassland region in northern China, for enhancing our understanding of the effects of extreme drought on desert-grassland community. The results indicated that extreme drought changed the Stipa glareosa community species composition and diversity. In august, the two extreme drought treatments of reducing 66% of ambient rainfall from May to August and reducing 100% of ambient rainfall in June and July decreased community Shannon-Wiener index and species richness. Compared with the CK, the standing aboveground biomass was decreased more than 50% by two extreme drought treatments(P<0.05). And litters biomass was decreased 61% by reducing 66% of ambient rainfall from May to August(P<0.05). The standing aboveground biomass carbon, nitrogen density in the two extreme drought treatments was significantly lower than these of CK. The litters biomass carbon, nitrogen density was significantly reduced by reducing 66% of ambient rainfall from May to August. Consequently, extreme drought affected vegetation carbon, nitrogen density through altering species composition and aboveground biomass, and ultimately weakened the carbon,nitrogen sink function of desert-grassland ecosystem.

引文

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