黄土高原典型林分土壤水文物理性质及持水性能
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摘要
【目的】通过对黄土高原典型林分类型土壤水文物理性质及持水性能的研究,以期为该区域合理水资源综合管理和林分种类选取配置经营提供科学依据.【方法】采用野外观测和室内浸水相结合的试验方法,得到3种林分类型(贺兰山油松天然林、子午岭油松次生林、陇东黄土高原刺槐人工林及六盘山华北落叶松人工林)的土壤水文物理特征指标.【结果】不同林分类型的土壤容重、孔隙度与持水性能存在差异.土壤容重随土层深度增加而增大,子午岭油松次生林(1.24 g/cm~3)最大,陇东黄土高原刺槐人工林(1.16 g/cm~3)与六盘山华北落叶松人工林(1.16 g/cm~3)次之,贺兰山油松天然林(0.98 g/cm~3)最小;土壤孔隙度随土层加深而减小,总孔隙度与毛管孔隙度为贺兰山油松天然林>陇东黄土高原刺槐人工林>六盘山华北落叶松人工林>子午岭油松次生林,非毛管孔隙度为陇东黄土高原刺槐人工林>子午岭油松次生林>贺兰山油松天然林>六盘山华北落叶松人工林;贺兰山油松天然林土壤饱和持水率、毛管持水率与非毛管持水率均值均与其它三种林分类型差异极显著(P<0.01),土壤饱和持水率、毛管持水率与非毛管持水率大小依次为贺兰山油松天然林>陇东黄土高原刺槐人工林>六盘山华北落叶松人工林>子午岭油松次生林;土壤容重与土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、饱和持水率、毛管持水率、非毛管持水率均存在极显著负相关关系,土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度与持水性能呈极显著正相关,非毛管孔隙度与土壤饱和持水率呈极显著正相关,其中以土壤容重、总孔隙度与饱和持水率的相关性最好.【结论】贺兰山油松天然林持水性最优,陇东黄土高原刺槐人工林与六盘山华北落叶松人工林次之,子午岭油松次生林最差.
【Objective】 The soil hydro-physical properties and water holding capacity of typical forest types on the Loess Plateau were studied in order to provide scientific basis for rational integrated water resources management and selection,allocation and management of forest types in the region.【Method】 Soil hydro-physical characteristics of 3 forest types(natural Pinus tabulaeformis forest in Helan Mountains,secondary Pinus tabulaeformis forest in Ziwuling Mountains,Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu and Larix principis plantation in Liupan Mountains) were obtained by field observation and indoor water immersion.【Result】 The results showed that the soil bulk density,porosity and water holding capacity of different forest types were different.Soil bulk density increased with the increase of soil depth.The soil bulk density of secondary forest of Pinus tabulaeformis in Ziwuling Mountains(1.24 g/cm~3) was the largest,followed by Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu(1.16 g/cm~3) and Larix principis plantation in Liupan Mountains(1.16 g/cm~3),and the natural forest of Pinus tabulaeformis in Helan Mountains(0.98 g/cm~3) was the smallest.Porosity decreased with the increase of soil depth,the order of total porosity and capillary porosity was Helan Mountain Pinus tabulaeformis natural forest>Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu>Larix principis plantation in Liupanshan>Ziwuling Pinus tabulaeformis secondary forest.And for non-capillary porosity,it was is Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu>Ziwuling Pinus tabulaeformis secondary forest > Helan Mountain Pinus tabulaeformis natural forest>Larix principis plantation in Liupanshan.The mean values of soil saturated water holding capacity,capillary water holding capacity and non-capillary water holding capacity of Pinus tabulaeformis natural forest in Helan Mountains were significantly different from those of other three forest types(P<0.01).The order of soil saturated water holding capacity,capillary water holding capacity and non-capillary water holding capacity was Pinus tabulaeformis natural forest in Helan Mountains>Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu>Larix principis plantation in Liupan Mountains>Secondary forest of Pinus tabulaeformis in Ziwuling Mountains.Soil bulk density was negatively correlated with soil total porosity,capillary porosity,non-capillary porosity,saturated water holding capacity,capillary water holding capacity and non-capillary water holding capacity.Soil total porosity,capillary porosity were positively correlated with water holding capacity,and non-capillary porosity was positively correlated with soil saturated water holding capacity.【Conclusion】 The natural forest of Pinus tabulaeformis in Helan Mountains performed the highest water holding capacity,followed by Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansuand and Larix principis plantation in Liupan Mountains,and Pinus tabulaeformis secondary forest in Ziwuling Mountains was the lowest.
【Objective】 The soil hydro-physical properties and water holding capacity of typical forest types on the Loess Plateau were studied in order to provide scientific basis for rational integrated water resources management and selection,allocation and management of forest types in the region.【Method】 Soil hydro-physical characteristics of 3 forest types(natural Pinus tabulaeformis forest in Helan Mountains,secondary Pinus tabulaeformis forest in Ziwuling Mountains,Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu and Larix principis plantation in Liupan Mountains) were obtained by field observation and indoor water immersion.【Result】 The results showed that the soil bulk density,porosity and water holding capacity of different forest types were different.Soil bulk density increased with the increase of soil depth.The soil bulk density of secondary forest of Pinus tabulaeformis in Ziwuling Mountains(1.24 g/cm~3) was the largest,followed by Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu(1.16 g/cm~3) and Larix principis plantation in Liupan Mountains(1.16 g/cm~3),and the natural forest of Pinus tabulaeformis in Helan Mountains(0.98 g/cm~3) was the smallest.Porosity decreased with the increase of soil depth,the order of total porosity and capillary porosity was Helan Mountain Pinus tabulaeformis natural forest>Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu>Larix principis plantation in Liupanshan>Ziwuling Pinus tabulaeformis secondary forest.And for non-capillary porosity,it was is Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu>Ziwuling Pinus tabulaeformis secondary forest > Helan Mountain Pinus tabulaeformis natural forest>Larix principis plantation in Liupanshan.The mean values of soil saturated water holding capacity,capillary water holding capacity and non-capillary water holding capacity of Pinus tabulaeformis natural forest in Helan Mountains were significantly different from those of other three forest types(P<0.01).The order of soil saturated water holding capacity,capillary water holding capacity and non-capillary water holding capacity was Pinus tabulaeformis natural forest in Helan Mountains>Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu>Larix principis plantation in Liupan Mountains>Secondary forest of Pinus tabulaeformis in Ziwuling Mountains.Soil bulk density was negatively correlated with soil total porosity,capillary porosity,non-capillary porosity,saturated water holding capacity,capillary water holding capacity and non-capillary water holding capacity.Soil total porosity,capillary porosity were positively correlated with water holding capacity,and non-capillary porosity was positively correlated with soil saturated water holding capacity.【Conclusion】 The natural forest of Pinus tabulaeformis in Helan Mountains performed the highest water holding capacity,followed by Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansuand and Larix principis plantation in Liupan Mountains,and Pinus tabulaeformis secondary forest in Ziwuling Mountains was the lowest.
引文
[1] 田大伦,陈书军.樟树人工林土壤水文-物理性质特征分析[J].中南林学院学报,2005,25(2):1-6.
[2] 单洪伟,李文影.白桦次生林4个林龄0～30cm土层水源涵养功能比较[J].森林工程,2014,30(1):41-45.
[3] 钱登峰,张志伟,张博.不同林龄云杉林土壤持水性及影响因子分析[J].湖北农业科学学报,2017,56(2):234-236.
[4] 王光玉.杉木混交林水源涵养和土壤性质研究[J].林业科学,2003,39(1):15-20.
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[6] 王忠诚,邓秀秀,崔卓卿,等.洞庭湖区主要森林类型土壤持水性能研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(5):79-84.
[7] 王正安,邸利,王彦辉,等.六盘山叠叠沟小流域 4种植被土壤层水文调节功能的综合评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(11):181-187.
[8] 刘宇,郭建斌,邓秀秀,等.秦岭火地塘林区3种土地利用类型的土壤潜在水源涵养功能评价[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(3):73-80.
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[10] 林义辉,张苏峻.广东省蕉岭长潭省级自然保护区森林土壤持水性的垂直空间格局研究[J].华南农业大学学报,2011,32(2):78-81.
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[15] 梁博,聂晓刚,杨东升,等.西藏尼洋河流域下游5种典型土地利用方式土壤物理性质差异分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(1):119-128.
[16] 邹文秀,韩晓增,陆欣春,等.不同土地利用方式对黑土剖面土壤物理性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):187-193,199.
[17] 孙艳红,张洪江,程金花,等.缙云山不同林地类型土壤特性及其水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(2):106-109.
[18] 鲁邵伟,毛富玲,靳芳,等.中国森林生态系统水源涵养功能[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(4):223-226.
[19] 王连晓,史正涛,刘新有,等.西双版纳不同植被类型土壤物理性质差异分析[J].资源与环境,2016,32(8):960-964.
[20] 程竞萱,程金花,郑欣,等.不同植被覆盖下土壤优先流特征及影响因素[J].河南农业大学学报,2018,52(6):973-982.
[2] 单洪伟,李文影.白桦次生林4个林龄0～30cm土层水源涵养功能比较[J].森林工程,2014,30(1):41-45.
[3] 钱登峰,张志伟,张博.不同林龄云杉林土壤持水性及影响因子分析[J].湖北农业科学学报,2017,56(2):234-236.
[4] 王光玉.杉木混交林水源涵养和土壤性质研究[J].林业科学,2003,39(1):15-20.
[5] Andreassian V.Water and forests:form historical controversy to scientific debate[J].Journal of Hydrology,2004,29(1):1-27.
[6] 王忠诚,邓秀秀,崔卓卿,等.洞庭湖区主要森林类型土壤持水性能研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(5):79-84.
[7] 王正安,邸利,王彦辉,等.六盘山叠叠沟小流域 4种植被土壤层水文调节功能的综合评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(11):181-187.
[8] 刘宇,郭建斌,邓秀秀,等.秦岭火地塘林区3种土地利用类型的土壤潜在水源涵养功能评价[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(3):73-80.
[9] 赵世伟,周印东,吴金水.子午岭次生植被下土壤蓄水性能及有效性研究[J].西北植物学报 2003,23(8):1389-1392.
[10] 林义辉,张苏峻.广东省蕉岭长潭省级自然保护区森林土壤持水性的垂直空间格局研究[J].华南农业大学学报,2011,32(2):78-81.
[11] 张贵云,王进,戴晓勇.贵州省天然林保护区不同森林类型土壤持水性能的研究[J].农技服务,2009,26(10):79-80.
[12] 中华人民共和国国家林业局.LY/T1215-1999森林土壤水分-物理性质的测定[S].1999.
[13] 顾宇书,邢兆凯,韩友志,等.浑河上游4种典型水源林土壤物理性质及其水源涵养功能[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,41(1):37-41.
[14] 高艳鹏,赵廷宁,骆汉,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区人工刺槐林土壤水分物理性质[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(2):64-66,71.
[15] 梁博,聂晓刚,杨东升,等.西藏尼洋河流域下游5种典型土地利用方式土壤物理性质差异分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(1):119-128.
[16] 邹文秀,韩晓增,陆欣春,等.不同土地利用方式对黑土剖面土壤物理性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):187-193,199.
[17] 孙艳红,张洪江,程金花,等.缙云山不同林地类型土壤特性及其水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(2):106-109.
[18] 鲁邵伟,毛富玲,靳芳,等.中国森林生态系统水源涵养功能[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(4):223-226.
[19] 王连晓,史正涛,刘新有,等.西双版纳不同植被类型土壤物理性质差异分析[J].资源与环境,2016,32(8):960-964.
[20] 程竞萱,程金花,郑欣,等.不同植被覆盖下土壤优先流特征及影响因素[J].河南农业大学学报,2018,52(6):973-982.
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