四种生物炭对潮土土壤微生物群落结构的影响
|
摘要
为探究生物炭对土壤微生物群落结构的影响,以花生壳生物炭(PBC)、玉米秆生物炭(MBC)、杨木屑生物炭(ABC)和竹屑生物炭(BBC)为试验材料,每种生物炭分别以0、20.0、40.0、80.0、160.0 g·kg~(-1)的浓度添加到供试潮土中,经过45 d的室内培养后用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)法分析土壤中微生物群落结构。研究结果表明:施用PBC、MBC和ABC对土壤总微生物总量、土壤细菌量有促进作用,但其增加幅度随生物炭浓度的升高呈现降低趋势,而添加BBC则会显著降低土壤微生物总量、土壤细菌量;PBC、MBC、ABC和BBC对土壤真菌细菌比有显著的促进作用;适量添加生物炭(20.0、40.0、80.0 g·kg~(-1))会增加真菌量,但大量(160 g·kg~(-1))添加PBC、BBC会显著降低真菌量。施入生物炭后,生物炭自身特殊理化性质和土壤理化性质如酸碱度、土壤电导率、比表面积、孔径等的变化是导致土壤微生物群落变化的主要原因;适量施加ABC、PBC相比于BBC、MBC更有利于潮土土壤微生物群落结构的发展。
This project was carried out in an effort to investigate how biochar affects soil microbial community structures using peanut shell biochar(PBC), maize straw biochar(MBC), aspen biochar(ABC)and bamboo biochar(BBC)applied as a soil amendment to alluvial soil.The amounts of biochar added for each treatment were 0, 20, 40, 80 g·kg~(-1) and 160 g·kg~(-1) respectively. After 45 days of incubation, we ana?lyzed and classified microorganisms using the PLFA method and found that the total amount of microorganisms and bacteria increased, butthere was a slowing trend in the growth rate, with the addition of PBC, MBC, and ABC. BBC reduced the total amount of microorganismsand bacteria in the soil. All biochar treatments increased the fungi-to-bacteria ratios. While fungi were proved to flourish with the additionof biochar at levels of 20, 40 g·kg~(-1) and 80 g·kg~(-1), excessive addition(160 g·kg~(-1))of PBC and BBC significantly reduced the amount of fun?gi in the system. The main reasons for the change of the microorganism structures with biochar addition were the subsequent changes in thesoil′s pH, EC, specific surface area and porosity, as well as some specific physicochemical properties of biochar. We concluded that as op?posed to the addition of BBC and MBC, the addition of an appropriate amount of ABC and PBC could better promote the microbial communities in alluvial soil.
This project was carried out in an effort to investigate how biochar affects soil microbial community structures using peanut shell biochar(PBC), maize straw biochar(MBC), aspen biochar(ABC)and bamboo biochar(BBC)applied as a soil amendment to alluvial soil.The amounts of biochar added for each treatment were 0, 20, 40, 80 g·kg~(-1) and 160 g·kg~(-1) respectively. After 45 days of incubation, we ana?lyzed and classified microorganisms using the PLFA method and found that the total amount of microorganisms and bacteria increased, butthere was a slowing trend in the growth rate, with the addition of PBC, MBC, and ABC. BBC reduced the total amount of microorganismsand bacteria in the soil. All biochar treatments increased the fungi-to-bacteria ratios. While fungi were proved to flourish with the additionof biochar at levels of 20, 40 g·kg~(-1) and 80 g·kg~(-1), excessive addition(160 g·kg~(-1))of PBC and BBC significantly reduced the amount of fun?gi in the system. The main reasons for the change of the microorganism structures with biochar addition were the subsequent changes in thesoil′s pH, EC, specific surface area and porosity, as well as some specific physicochemical properties of biochar. We concluded that as op?posed to the addition of BBC and MBC, the addition of an appropriate amount of ABC and PBC could better promote the microbial communities in alluvial soil.
引文
[1]Whitman T,Lehmann J.Biochar:One way forward for soil carbon in offset mechanisms in Africa?[J].Environmental Science&Policy,2009,12(7):1024-1027.
[2]Jo?ko I,Oleszczuk P,Pranagal J,et al.Effect of biochars,activated carbon and multiwalled carbon nanotubes on phytotoxicity of sediment contaminated by inorganic and organic pollutants[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,60(11):50-59.
[3]Tang J C,Zhu W Y,Kookana R,et al.Characteristics of biochar and its application in remediation of contaminated soil[J].Bioscience and Bioengineering,2013,116(6):653-659.
[4]Lehmann J.A handful of carbon[J].Nature,2007,447(10):143-144.
[5]Lehmann J,Rillig M C,Thies J,et al.Biochar effects on soil biota:Areview[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(9):1812-1836.
[6]Chen H,Ma J,Wei J,et al.Biochar increases plant growth and alters microbial communities via regulating the moisture and temperature of green roof substrates[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,635:333-342.
[7]林先贵.土壤微生物研究原理与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.LIN Xian-gui.Soil microbial research principles and methods[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010.
[8]Cayuela M L,van Zwieten L,Singh B P,et al.Biochar′s role in mitigating soil nitrous oxide emissions:A review and meta-analysis[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2006,191:5-16.
[9]Cheng C H,Lehmann J,Thies J E,et al.Oxidation of black carbon by biotic and abiotic processes[J].Organic Geochemistry,2006,37(11):1477-1488.
[10]Kulmatiski A,Bearcl K H.Long-term plant growth legacies overwhelm short-term plant growth effects on soil microbial community structure[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2011,43(4):823-830.
[11]Xu N,Tan G C,Wang H Y,et al.Effect of biochar additions to soil on nitrogen leaching,microbial biomass and bacterial community structure[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2016,74:1-8.
[12]Bamminger C,Zaiser N,Zinsser P,et al.Effects of biochar,earthworms,and litter addition on soil microbial activity and abundance in a temperate agricultural soil[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2014,50(8):1189-1200.
[13]Steinbeiss S,Gleixner G.Effect of biochar amendment on soil carbon balance and soil microbial activity[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41(6):1301-1310.
[14]Ameloot N,De Neve S,Jegajeevagan K,et al.Short-term CO2 and N2O emissions and microbial properties of biochar amended sandy loam soils[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,57(3):401-410.
[15]Farrell M,Kuhn T K,Macdonald L M,et al.Microbial utilisation of biochar-derived carbon[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,465:288-297.
[16]Dai Z M,Webster T M,Enders A,et al.DNA extraction efficiency from soil as affected by pyrolysis temperature and extractable organic carbon of high-ash biochar[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2017,115:129-136.
[17]宋婷婷,赖欣,王知文,等.不同原料生物炭对铵态氮的吸附性能研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(3):576-584.SONG Ting-ting,LAI Xin,WANG Zhi-wen,et al.Adsorption of ammonium nitrogen by biochars produced from different biomasses[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2018,37(3):576-584.
[18]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].三版.北京:中国农业出版社.2007.BAO Shi-dan.Soil agro-chemistrical analysis[M].3rd ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2007.
[19]Enders A,Hanley K,Whitman T.Characterization of biochars to evaluate recalcitrance and agronomic performance[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,114(3):644-653.
[20]Yamato M,Okimori Y,Wibowo I F,et al.Effects of the application of charred bark of Acacia mangium on the yield of maize,cowpea and peanut,and soil chemical properties in South Sumatra,Indonesia[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2006,52(4):489-495.
[21]Solomon D,Lehmann J,Wang J,et al.Micro-and nano-environments of C sequestration in soil:A multi-elemental STXM-NEXAFSassessment of black C and organomineral associations[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,438(3):372-388.
[22]Zhang A,Cui L Q,Pan G X,et al.Effect of biochar amendment on yield and methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a rice paddy from Tai Lake plain,China[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2010,139(4):469-475.
[23]雷海迪,尹云锋,刘岩,等.杉木凋落物及其生物炭对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(3):790-799.LEI Hai-di,YIN Yun-feng,LIU Yan,et al.Effects of fir(Cunninghamia Lanceolata)litter and its biochar on soil microbial community structure[J].Acta Pedologia Sinica,2016,53(3):790-799.
[24]刘园,M.Jamal Khan,靳海洋,等.秸秆生物炭对潮土作物产量和土壤性状的影响[J].土壤学报,2015,52(4):849-858.LIU Yuan,M.Jamal Khan,JIN Hai-yang,et al.Effect of successive application of crop-straw biochar on crop yield and soil properties in camnosols[J].Acta Pedologia Sinica,2015,52(4):849-858.
[25]Schepers J S,Raun W.Nitrogen in agricultural systems[M].Madison WI:American Society of Agronomy,2008.
[26]Troy S M,Lawlor P G,O′Flynn C J,et al.The impact of biochar addition on nutrient leaching and soil properties from tillage soil amended with pig manure[J].Water,Air,&Soil Pollution,2014,225(3):1-15.
[27]Anderson C R,Condron L M,Clough T J,et al.Biochar induced soil microbial community change:Implications for biogeochemical cycling of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus[J].Pedobiologia,2011,54(5/6):309-320.
[28]Felber R,Leifeld J,Horák J,et al.Nitrous oxide emission reduction with greenwaste biochar:Comparison of laboratory and field experiments[J]European Journal of Soil Science,2014,65:128-138.
[29]Cusack D F,Silver W,Mcdowell W H.Biological nitrogen fixation in two tropical forests:Ecosystem-level patterns and effects of nitrogen fertilization[J].Ecosystems,2009,12(8):1299-1315.
[30]韩光明.生物炭对不同类型土壤理化性质和微生物多样性的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2013.HAN Guang-ming.Effect of biochar on soil physicochemical property and microbial diversity in different soil types[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agriculture University,2013.
[31]Chen C,Huang X,Lei C,et al.Improving anammox start-up with bamboo charcoal[J]Chemosphere,2012,89(10):1224-1229.
[32]梁韵,廖健利,Muhammad Khalid,等.生物炭与有机肥对菜田土壤氨氧化菌丰度的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2017,35(5):36-43.LIANG Yun,LIAO Jian-li,Muhammad Khalid,et al.Effects of biochar and organic fertilizer on the abundance of ammonia oxidizer in vegetable production soil[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agriculture Science),2017,35(5):36-43.
[33]张又弛,李会丹.生物炭对土壤中微生物群落结构及其生物地球化学功能的影响[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(5):898-905.ZHANG You-chi,LI Hui-dan.Influence of biochar on the community structure and biogeochemical functions of microorganisms in soils[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(5):898-905.
[34]Novak J M,Busscher W J,Watts D W,et al.Short-term CO2 mineralization after additions of biochar and switchgrass to a Typic Kandiudult[J].Geoderma,2010,154(3/4):281-288
[35]李明,李忠佩,刘明,等.不同秸秆生物炭对红壤性水稻土养分及微生物群落结构的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(7):1361-1369.LI Ming,LI Zhong-pei,LIU Ming,et al.Effects of different straw biochar on nutrient and microbial community structure of a red paddy soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(7):1361-1369.
[36]Pietik?inen J,Kiikkil?O,Fritze H.Charcoal as a habitat for microbes and its effect on the microbial community of the underlying humus[J].Oikos,2000,89(2):231-242.
[37]Jin H.Characterization of microbial life colonizing biochar and biochar-amended soils[D].Ithaca:Cornell University,2010.
[38]Prayogo C,Jones J E,Baeyens J,et al.Impact of biochar on mineralisation of C and N from soil and willow litter and its relationship with microbial community biomass and structure[J].Biology&Fertility of Soils,2014,50(4):695-702.
[39]Chen J,Li S,Liang C,et al.Response of microbial community structure and function to short-term biochar amendment in an intensively managed bamboo(Phyllostachys praecox)plantation soil:Effect of particle size and addition rate[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,574:24-33.
[40]De Vries F T,Hoffland E,van Eekeren N,et al.Fungal/bacterial ratios in grasslands with contrasting nitrogen management[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(8):2092-2103.
[2]Jo?ko I,Oleszczuk P,Pranagal J,et al.Effect of biochars,activated carbon and multiwalled carbon nanotubes on phytotoxicity of sediment contaminated by inorganic and organic pollutants[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,60(11):50-59.
[3]Tang J C,Zhu W Y,Kookana R,et al.Characteristics of biochar and its application in remediation of contaminated soil[J].Bioscience and Bioengineering,2013,116(6):653-659.
[4]Lehmann J.A handful of carbon[J].Nature,2007,447(10):143-144.
[5]Lehmann J,Rillig M C,Thies J,et al.Biochar effects on soil biota:Areview[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(9):1812-1836.
[6]Chen H,Ma J,Wei J,et al.Biochar increases plant growth and alters microbial communities via regulating the moisture and temperature of green roof substrates[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,635:333-342.
[7]林先贵.土壤微生物研究原理与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.LIN Xian-gui.Soil microbial research principles and methods[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010.
[8]Cayuela M L,van Zwieten L,Singh B P,et al.Biochar′s role in mitigating soil nitrous oxide emissions:A review and meta-analysis[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2006,191:5-16.
[9]Cheng C H,Lehmann J,Thies J E,et al.Oxidation of black carbon by biotic and abiotic processes[J].Organic Geochemistry,2006,37(11):1477-1488.
[10]Kulmatiski A,Bearcl K H.Long-term plant growth legacies overwhelm short-term plant growth effects on soil microbial community structure[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2011,43(4):823-830.
[11]Xu N,Tan G C,Wang H Y,et al.Effect of biochar additions to soil on nitrogen leaching,microbial biomass and bacterial community structure[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2016,74:1-8.
[12]Bamminger C,Zaiser N,Zinsser P,et al.Effects of biochar,earthworms,and litter addition on soil microbial activity and abundance in a temperate agricultural soil[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2014,50(8):1189-1200.
[13]Steinbeiss S,Gleixner G.Effect of biochar amendment on soil carbon balance and soil microbial activity[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41(6):1301-1310.
[14]Ameloot N,De Neve S,Jegajeevagan K,et al.Short-term CO2 and N2O emissions and microbial properties of biochar amended sandy loam soils[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,57(3):401-410.
[15]Farrell M,Kuhn T K,Macdonald L M,et al.Microbial utilisation of biochar-derived carbon[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,465:288-297.
[16]Dai Z M,Webster T M,Enders A,et al.DNA extraction efficiency from soil as affected by pyrolysis temperature and extractable organic carbon of high-ash biochar[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2017,115:129-136.
[17]宋婷婷,赖欣,王知文,等.不同原料生物炭对铵态氮的吸附性能研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(3):576-584.SONG Ting-ting,LAI Xin,WANG Zhi-wen,et al.Adsorption of ammonium nitrogen by biochars produced from different biomasses[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2018,37(3):576-584.
[18]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].三版.北京:中国农业出版社.2007.BAO Shi-dan.Soil agro-chemistrical analysis[M].3rd ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2007.
[19]Enders A,Hanley K,Whitman T.Characterization of biochars to evaluate recalcitrance and agronomic performance[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,114(3):644-653.
[20]Yamato M,Okimori Y,Wibowo I F,et al.Effects of the application of charred bark of Acacia mangium on the yield of maize,cowpea and peanut,and soil chemical properties in South Sumatra,Indonesia[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2006,52(4):489-495.
[21]Solomon D,Lehmann J,Wang J,et al.Micro-and nano-environments of C sequestration in soil:A multi-elemental STXM-NEXAFSassessment of black C and organomineral associations[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,438(3):372-388.
[22]Zhang A,Cui L Q,Pan G X,et al.Effect of biochar amendment on yield and methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a rice paddy from Tai Lake plain,China[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2010,139(4):469-475.
[23]雷海迪,尹云锋,刘岩,等.杉木凋落物及其生物炭对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(3):790-799.LEI Hai-di,YIN Yun-feng,LIU Yan,et al.Effects of fir(Cunninghamia Lanceolata)litter and its biochar on soil microbial community structure[J].Acta Pedologia Sinica,2016,53(3):790-799.
[24]刘园,M.Jamal Khan,靳海洋,等.秸秆生物炭对潮土作物产量和土壤性状的影响[J].土壤学报,2015,52(4):849-858.LIU Yuan,M.Jamal Khan,JIN Hai-yang,et al.Effect of successive application of crop-straw biochar on crop yield and soil properties in camnosols[J].Acta Pedologia Sinica,2015,52(4):849-858.
[25]Schepers J S,Raun W.Nitrogen in agricultural systems[M].Madison WI:American Society of Agronomy,2008.
[26]Troy S M,Lawlor P G,O′Flynn C J,et al.The impact of biochar addition on nutrient leaching and soil properties from tillage soil amended with pig manure[J].Water,Air,&Soil Pollution,2014,225(3):1-15.
[27]Anderson C R,Condron L M,Clough T J,et al.Biochar induced soil microbial community change:Implications for biogeochemical cycling of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus[J].Pedobiologia,2011,54(5/6):309-320.
[28]Felber R,Leifeld J,Horák J,et al.Nitrous oxide emission reduction with greenwaste biochar:Comparison of laboratory and field experiments[J]European Journal of Soil Science,2014,65:128-138.
[29]Cusack D F,Silver W,Mcdowell W H.Biological nitrogen fixation in two tropical forests:Ecosystem-level patterns and effects of nitrogen fertilization[J].Ecosystems,2009,12(8):1299-1315.
[30]韩光明.生物炭对不同类型土壤理化性质和微生物多样性的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2013.HAN Guang-ming.Effect of biochar on soil physicochemical property and microbial diversity in different soil types[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agriculture University,2013.
[31]Chen C,Huang X,Lei C,et al.Improving anammox start-up with bamboo charcoal[J]Chemosphere,2012,89(10):1224-1229.
[32]梁韵,廖健利,Muhammad Khalid,等.生物炭与有机肥对菜田土壤氨氧化菌丰度的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2017,35(5):36-43.LIANG Yun,LIAO Jian-li,Muhammad Khalid,et al.Effects of biochar and organic fertilizer on the abundance of ammonia oxidizer in vegetable production soil[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agriculture Science),2017,35(5):36-43.
[33]张又弛,李会丹.生物炭对土壤中微生物群落结构及其生物地球化学功能的影响[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(5):898-905.ZHANG You-chi,LI Hui-dan.Influence of biochar on the community structure and biogeochemical functions of microorganisms in soils[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(5):898-905.
[34]Novak J M,Busscher W J,Watts D W,et al.Short-term CO2 mineralization after additions of biochar and switchgrass to a Typic Kandiudult[J].Geoderma,2010,154(3/4):281-288
[35]李明,李忠佩,刘明,等.不同秸秆生物炭对红壤性水稻土养分及微生物群落结构的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(7):1361-1369.LI Ming,LI Zhong-pei,LIU Ming,et al.Effects of different straw biochar on nutrient and microbial community structure of a red paddy soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(7):1361-1369.
[36]Pietik?inen J,Kiikkil?O,Fritze H.Charcoal as a habitat for microbes and its effect on the microbial community of the underlying humus[J].Oikos,2000,89(2):231-242.
[37]Jin H.Characterization of microbial life colonizing biochar and biochar-amended soils[D].Ithaca:Cornell University,2010.
[38]Prayogo C,Jones J E,Baeyens J,et al.Impact of biochar on mineralisation of C and N from soil and willow litter and its relationship with microbial community biomass and structure[J].Biology&Fertility of Soils,2014,50(4):695-702.
[39]Chen J,Li S,Liang C,et al.Response of microbial community structure and function to short-term biochar amendment in an intensively managed bamboo(Phyllostachys praecox)plantation soil:Effect of particle size and addition rate[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,574:24-33.
[40]De Vries F T,Hoffland E,van Eekeren N,et al.Fungal/bacterial ratios in grasslands with contrasting nitrogen management[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(8):2092-2103.