创新功能型平台推动上海生态创新的机制及策略
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摘要
生态创新具有不确定性、市场激励较弱、双重外部性、公共品属性等特征。本文通过梳理生态创新内涵与特征,运用社会网络、社区发现等方法分析上海生态创新发展特征与问题,提出创新功能型平台推动上海生态创新的机制与策略。上海生态创新网络总体从初级走向成熟,从扁平化向"核心-边缘"结构转型,高校、国有企业占据网络核心位置,但创新合作水平有待提升,需要依靠创新功能型平台整合创新资源,提升创新效率。论文从促进生态创新集群形成、提供投融资和研发与转化集成服务、提供生态创新风险管理、促进服务与管控机制创新等方面,探讨创新功能型平台推动上海生态创新的作用机制,并提出建设生态创新联盟、构建生态创新资源共享系统、建设节能环保产业创新中心、成立生态创新基金等建议。
Eco-innovation has the such characteristics as innovative uncertainty, weak market incentives, relying on the government guidance, the dual externality, and public goods attribute. In this paper, by analyzing the ecological innovation connotation and characteristics, using the social network analysis and community detection analysis, characteristics of Shanghai ecological innovation and development are analyzed. We found that Shanghai's ecological innovation network are moving from primary to mature,and transforming from "flattening" to "core-edge" structure. In the ecological innovation network, colleges and state-owned enterprises occupy the central position. However, improving innovation cooperation level is still needed. And innovative functional platforms are needed to integrate resources, promote innovation efficiency. For this, this paper put forward the mechanism of innovative functional platform promoting Shanghai's ecological innovation. At last, this paper put forward such suggestions as building ecological innovation alliances, constructing ecological innovation resource sharing systems,building energy conservation and environmental protection industrial innovation center, and setting up the ecological innovation fund et al.
Eco-innovation has the such characteristics as innovative uncertainty, weak market incentives, relying on the government guidance, the dual externality, and public goods attribute. In this paper, by analyzing the ecological innovation connotation and characteristics, using the social network analysis and community detection analysis, characteristics of Shanghai ecological innovation and development are analyzed. We found that Shanghai's ecological innovation network are moving from primary to mature,and transforming from "flattening" to "core-edge" structure. In the ecological innovation network, colleges and state-owned enterprises occupy the central position. However, improving innovation cooperation level is still needed. And innovative functional platforms are needed to integrate resources, promote innovation efficiency. For this, this paper put forward the mechanism of innovative functional platform promoting Shanghai's ecological innovation. At last, this paper put forward such suggestions as building ecological innovation alliances, constructing ecological innovation resource sharing systems,building energy conservation and environmental protection industrial innovation center, and setting up the ecological innovation fund et al.
引文
[1]Eiadat Y,Kelly A,Roche F,et al.Green and competitive?An empirical test of the mediating role of environmental innovation strategy[J].Journal of World Business,2008,(43):131-145.
[2]Fussler C,James P.Eco-innovation:A breakthrough discipline for innovation and sustainability[M].London:Pitman Publishing,1996.
[3]Huallachain Bó,Lee DS.Urban Centers and Networks of Co-invention in American Biotechnology[J].The Annals of Regional Science,2014,52(3):799-823.
[4]Kemp R,Pearson P.Final report MEI project about measuring eco-innovation[EB/OL].http://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/consumptioninnovation/43960830.pdf,2007.
[5]Marchi VD.Environmental innovation and R&D cooperation:Empirical evidence from Spanish manufacturing firms.Research Policy,2012,(41):614-623.
[6]OECD.Sustainable Manufacturing and Eco-innovation[R].Paris:OECD,2009.
[7]Oltra V,Jean M S.Incrementalism of environmental innovations versus paradigmatic change:a comparative study of the automotive and chemical industries[EB/OL].Cahiers du GREThA No.2007-14,2007,09[2009-10-15].http://cahiersdugretha u-bordeaux4 fr/2007/2007-14.pdf.
[8]Rennings K.Redefining innovation-eco-innovation research and the contribution from ecological economics[J].Ecological Economics,2000,32(2):319-332.
[9]Rennings K.Redefining innovation-eco-innovation research and the contribution from ecological economics[J].Ecological Economics,2000,32(2):319-332.
[10]Wei Z,Jin Y,Wang J.Greenization of venture capital and green innovation of Chinese entity industry[J].Ecological Indicators,2015,(51):31-41.
[11]Zhong C,Arisona S M,Huang X,et al.Detecting the dynamics of urban structure through spatial network analysis.International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2014,28(11):2178-2199.
[12]常杪,杨亮,孟卓琰,等.中国环保科技创新的推进机制与模式初探[J].中国发展,2016,160(6):4-10.
[13]陈伟,刘卫东,柯文前,等.基于公路客流的中国城市网络结构与空间组织模式[J].地理学报,2017,72(2):224-241.
[14]储宵.社会影响力视角下研发与转化功能型平台绩效评估研究[D].华东师范大学,2018.
[15]董颖.环保产业技术创新特征及对策研究[J].生态经济(中文版),2007,(9):134-137.
[16]韩洁平,文爱玲,闫晶.基于工业生态创新内涵及外延的发展趋势研究[J].生态经济(中文版),2016,32(2):57-62.
[17]黄冠中,何月峰.浙江省环保科技创新特点与思路[J].环境与可持续发展,2016,41(2):139-141.
[18]廖晓东,袁永,陈丽佳.“十三五”时期广东环保科技创新发展思路与举措[J].中国科技信息,2016,(19):93-94.
[19]廖中举,黄超.生态创新的最新研究进展与述评[J].应用生态学报,2017,(12):4150-4156.
[20]沈小波,曹芳萍.技术创新的特征与环境技术创新政策--新古典和演化方法的比较[J].厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2010,(5):29-36.
[21]孙艳.欧盟生态创新绩效评析[J].欧洲研究,2016,(6):95-116.
[22]谭瑞琮.聚焦产业发展服务企业创新上海研发公共服务平台工作成效显著[J].中国科技产业,2012,(1):50-51.
[23]杨燕.生态创新的概念内涵和特性:与一般意义上创新的比较与思考[J].东北大学学报(社会科学版),2013,15(6):557-562.
[24]张仁开.全球科技创新中心建设背景下上海创新功能型平台发展研究[J].科学发展,2016,(8):23-29.
[25]赵英民.加强环保科技创新助推环境管理战略转型[J].环境保护,2013,41(8):10-13.
1图中从上至下分别为1985-1999年、2001-2011年和2012年以来,图2同。
2图中仅显示创新合作2次及以上的联系,图中数字为各创新主体的代码。
[2]Fussler C,James P.Eco-innovation:A breakthrough discipline for innovation and sustainability[M].London:Pitman Publishing,1996.
[3]Huallachain Bó,Lee DS.Urban Centers and Networks of Co-invention in American Biotechnology[J].The Annals of Regional Science,2014,52(3):799-823.
[4]Kemp R,Pearson P.Final report MEI project about measuring eco-innovation[EB/OL].http://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/consumptioninnovation/43960830.pdf,2007.
[5]Marchi VD.Environmental innovation and R&D cooperation:Empirical evidence from Spanish manufacturing firms.Research Policy,2012,(41):614-623.
[6]OECD.Sustainable Manufacturing and Eco-innovation[R].Paris:OECD,2009.
[7]Oltra V,Jean M S.Incrementalism of environmental innovations versus paradigmatic change:a comparative study of the automotive and chemical industries[EB/OL].Cahiers du GREThA No.2007-14,2007,09[2009-10-15].http://cahiersdugretha u-bordeaux4 fr/2007/2007-14.pdf.
[8]Rennings K.Redefining innovation-eco-innovation research and the contribution from ecological economics[J].Ecological Economics,2000,32(2):319-332.
[9]Rennings K.Redefining innovation-eco-innovation research and the contribution from ecological economics[J].Ecological Economics,2000,32(2):319-332.
[10]Wei Z,Jin Y,Wang J.Greenization of venture capital and green innovation of Chinese entity industry[J].Ecological Indicators,2015,(51):31-41.
[11]Zhong C,Arisona S M,Huang X,et al.Detecting the dynamics of urban structure through spatial network analysis.International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2014,28(11):2178-2199.
[12]常杪,杨亮,孟卓琰,等.中国环保科技创新的推进机制与模式初探[J].中国发展,2016,160(6):4-10.
[13]陈伟,刘卫东,柯文前,等.基于公路客流的中国城市网络结构与空间组织模式[J].地理学报,2017,72(2):224-241.
[14]储宵.社会影响力视角下研发与转化功能型平台绩效评估研究[D].华东师范大学,2018.
[15]董颖.环保产业技术创新特征及对策研究[J].生态经济(中文版),2007,(9):134-137.
[16]韩洁平,文爱玲,闫晶.基于工业生态创新内涵及外延的发展趋势研究[J].生态经济(中文版),2016,32(2):57-62.
[17]黄冠中,何月峰.浙江省环保科技创新特点与思路[J].环境与可持续发展,2016,41(2):139-141.
[18]廖晓东,袁永,陈丽佳.“十三五”时期广东环保科技创新发展思路与举措[J].中国科技信息,2016,(19):93-94.
[19]廖中举,黄超.生态创新的最新研究进展与述评[J].应用生态学报,2017,(12):4150-4156.
[20]沈小波,曹芳萍.技术创新的特征与环境技术创新政策--新古典和演化方法的比较[J].厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2010,(5):29-36.
[21]孙艳.欧盟生态创新绩效评析[J].欧洲研究,2016,(6):95-116.
[22]谭瑞琮.聚焦产业发展服务企业创新上海研发公共服务平台工作成效显著[J].中国科技产业,2012,(1):50-51.
[23]杨燕.生态创新的概念内涵和特性:与一般意义上创新的比较与思考[J].东北大学学报(社会科学版),2013,15(6):557-562.
[24]张仁开.全球科技创新中心建设背景下上海创新功能型平台发展研究[J].科学发展,2016,(8):23-29.
[25]赵英民.加强环保科技创新助推环境管理战略转型[J].环境保护,2013,41(8):10-13.
1图中从上至下分别为1985-1999年、2001-2011年和2012年以来,图2同。
2图中仅显示创新合作2次及以上的联系,图中数字为各创新主体的代码。