高速列车铝合金车体强度可靠性安全系数分析方法
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摘要
针对铁道车辆结构设计标准中给定的安全系数存在经验性,从可靠性理论出发,分析可靠性安全系数评估方法,使安全系数选取趋于合理。以某型高速列车车体为研究对象,建立其有限元模型,参照EN12663-1车体设计标准确定静强度载荷工况。并考虑高速会车情况下的气动载荷工况,施加边界条件对车体进行强度分析。同时结合车体铝合金材料性能绘制车体材料的不同可靠度的Goodman曲线,建立可靠度与安全系数的关系模型,对车体静强度和疲劳强度的可靠性安全系数进行了分析。结果表明:随着可靠度的提高,安全系数降低,车体满足不同可靠度下的静强度和疲劳强度要求。99.9%可靠度下静强度的最小安全系数为1.3,出现在整备状态下纵向受1 500 kN压缩载荷作用的工况下;考虑气动载荷影响,结构疲劳安全系数最小值为1.53,有一定的安全裕量,车体侧墙门角和窗角位置的安全系数较小。车体结构的应力和材料强度的分散性对安全系数有影响,为确保高速列车车体具有较高的可靠度,可以采取控制铝合金材料强度性能的分散程度、降低几何结构的应力集中和优化结构减小工作应力等措施来实现。
The safety coefficient given in the design codes of railway vehicle structure has certain experience. In this paper, based on the reliability theory, the method of reliability safety coefficient evaluation is adopted, which makes the selection of safety coefficient more reasonable. A certain type of high speed train carbody was taken as research object, the finite element model was established. Based on the code EN 12663-1, the static and fatigue loads were determined, which is considered the aerodynamic load in condition of high speed passing. After the static strength analysis of carbody, the fatigue strength was analyzed using the reliability Goodman curve of carbody material. Finally, established the relationship of reliability and safety coefficient, the safety coefficient of static strength and fatigue strength of the car body with different reliability were obtained. The results show that the static strength and fatigue strength of carbody meet to the requirement under the different reliability. With the increase of the reliability, the safety coefficient is reduced. The minimum safety coefficient of static strength under reliability of 99.90% is 1.3, and the corresponding load condition is the preparation condition combined with 1 500 kN longitudinal compression load. In aspect of fatigue strength, the locations with small safety coefficient mostly appear in the door's corner and the window's corner of the carbody sidewall. The minimum safety coefficient of fatigue strength 1.53, which has a certain safety margin. The dispersion of carbody stress and material strength have influence on the safety coefficient. In order to ensure the high reliability of the high speed train body, it can take measures to control the strength properties dispersion degree of aluminum alloy materials, reduce the stress concentration of the geometrical structure and reduce the working stress and so on.
The safety coefficient given in the design codes of railway vehicle structure has certain experience. In this paper, based on the reliability theory, the method of reliability safety coefficient evaluation is adopted, which makes the selection of safety coefficient more reasonable. A certain type of high speed train carbody was taken as research object, the finite element model was established. Based on the code EN 12663-1, the static and fatigue loads were determined, which is considered the aerodynamic load in condition of high speed passing. After the static strength analysis of carbody, the fatigue strength was analyzed using the reliability Goodman curve of carbody material. Finally, established the relationship of reliability and safety coefficient, the safety coefficient of static strength and fatigue strength of the car body with different reliability were obtained. The results show that the static strength and fatigue strength of carbody meet to the requirement under the different reliability. With the increase of the reliability, the safety coefficient is reduced. The minimum safety coefficient of static strength under reliability of 99.90% is 1.3, and the corresponding load condition is the preparation condition combined with 1 500 kN longitudinal compression load. In aspect of fatigue strength, the locations with small safety coefficient mostly appear in the door's corner and the window's corner of the carbody sidewall. The minimum safety coefficient of fatigue strength 1.53, which has a certain safety margin. The dispersion of carbody stress and material strength have influence on the safety coefficient. In order to ensure the high reliability of the high speed train body, it can take measures to control the strength properties dispersion degree of aluminum alloy materials, reduce the stress concentration of the geometrical structure and reduce the working stress and so on.
引文
[1] 王磊,刘文珽. 基于容许安全系数的飞机结构静强度可靠性分析[J]. 机械强度, 2009,31(3): 478-490.WANG Lei, LIU WenTing. Method of reliability design for aircraft structural static strength based on tolerable safety factor[J]. Journal of mechanical strength, 2009,31(3): 478-490 (In Chinese).
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[3] 王磊,刘文珽. 基于容许安全系数的飞机结构静强度可靠性设计[J]. 机械强度, 2009, 31(3):487-490.WANGLei, LIU WenTing. Method of reliability design for aircraft structural static strength based on tolerable safety factor [J].Journal of Mechanica Strength, 2009,31(3): 487-490 (In Chinese).
[4] 牟致中. 机械可靠性—理论·方法·应用[M]. 第1版. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2011: 85.MOU ZhiZhong. Mechanical reliability—Theory·Method·Application[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2011: 85 (In Chinese).
[5] 米彩盈. 高速动力车承载结构疲劳强度工程方法研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2006: 44.MI CaiYing. A study of project method for load bearing structure fatigue strength in power vehicle[D]. Chengdu: Southwest jiaotong university, 2011: 44 (In Chinese).
[6] Hyun-KyuJun, Hyun-Seung Jung, Dong-Hyung Lee et al. Fatigue crack evaluation on the underframe of EMU carbody[J]. Procedia Engineering, 2010, 2(1): 893-900.
[7] Jung-Seok Kim, Jong-CheolJeong, Sang-Jin Lee. Numerical and experimental studies on the deformational behaviora composite train carbody of the Korean tilting train[J]. Composite Structures, 2007, 81(2): 168-175.
[8] 吴会超,邬平波,曾京,等. 车下设备对车体振动的影响[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2012,12(5): 50-56.WU HuiChao, WU PingBo, ZENG Jing,et al. Influence of equipment under car on carbody vibration[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2012, 12(5): 50-56.(In Chinese)
[9] 叶序彬,胡本润,林华强,等. 温度对7N01-T4铝合金疲劳行为的影响[J]. 失效分析与预测, 2014,9(6): 347-354.YE XuBin, HU BenRun, LIN HuaQiang,et al. Effect on temperature on fatigue behavior of 7N01-T4 aluminum alloy [J]. Failure Analysis and Prevention, 2014,9(6): 347-354 (In Chinese).
[10] C.Qin, G.Q.Gou, X.L.Che, H.Chen. J.Chen, P.Li, W.Gao. Effect of composition on tensile properties and fracture toughness of Al-Zn-Mg alloy (A7N01S-T5) used in high speed trains [J]. Material and design, 2016(91): 278-28.
[11] 卢耀辉. 铁道客车转向架焊接构架疲劳可靠性研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2011: 50.LU YaoHui. Study on fatigue reliability of welded bogie frame for railway vehicle[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2011: 50 (In Chinese).
[12] 宋烨,邬平波,贾璐. 动车组头车车体疲劳强度分析[J]. 中国机械工程, 2015, 26(4): 553-559.SONG Ye, WU PingBo, JIA Lu. Fatigue strength analysis of locomotive car body[J]. China Mechanical Engineering. 2015,26(4): 553-559 (In Chinese).
[13] 熊小慧,梁习锋. CRH2型动车组列车交会空气压力波试验分析[J]. 铁道学报, 2009, 31(6): 15-20.XIONG XiaoHui, LIANG XiFeng. Analysis of air pressure pulses in meeting of Crh2 EMU trains[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2009, 31(6): 15-20(In Chinese).
[14] 田红旗,贺德馨.列车交会压力波三维数值的计算[J].铁道学报, 2001,23(3): 18-22.TIAN HongQi, HE DeXin.3-D numerical calculation of the air pressure pulse from two trains passing by each other [J]. Journal of the China Railway Society.2001,23(3):18-22 (In Chinese).
[15] 邱英政. 高速列车交会压力波数值模拟计算与测试研究[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2007: 39.QIU YingZheng. The Numerical and experimental investigation on crossing air pressure pulse by passing high-speed trains[D]. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2007: 39 (In Chinese).
[16] 宋烨,邬平波,贾璐. 高速列车车体气动载荷疲劳强度分析[J]. 机械强度, 2015,37(3):533-538.SONG Ye, WU PingBo, JIA Lu. Analysis of aerodynamic load on fatigue strength of the high-speed train car body[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2015,37(3):533-538(In Chinese).
[17] 卢耀辉,冯振,陈天利,等. 气动载荷影响下的高速列车车体疲劳强度评估方法[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2014,14(6): 44-50.LU YaoHui, FENG Zhen, CHEN TianLi,et al. Evaluation method of fatigue strength for carbody of high-speed train under influence of aerodynamic loads [J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2014,14(6):44-50 (In Chinese).
[2] 都军民,蔡民,戴宗妙. 基于可靠性安全系数的结构设计方法研究[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2007,29(3): 134-136.DU JunMin, CAI Min, DAI ZongMiao. The research of structure design method based on reliability safety coefficient[J]. Ship Science and Technology, 2007,29(3): 134-136 (In Chinese).
[3] 王磊,刘文珽. 基于容许安全系数的飞机结构静强度可靠性设计[J]. 机械强度, 2009, 31(3):487-490.WANGLei, LIU WenTing. Method of reliability design for aircraft structural static strength based on tolerable safety factor [J].Journal of Mechanica Strength, 2009,31(3): 487-490 (In Chinese).
[4] 牟致中. 机械可靠性—理论·方法·应用[M]. 第1版. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2011: 85.MOU ZhiZhong. Mechanical reliability—Theory·Method·Application[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2011: 85 (In Chinese).
[5] 米彩盈. 高速动力车承载结构疲劳强度工程方法研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2006: 44.MI CaiYing. A study of project method for load bearing structure fatigue strength in power vehicle[D]. Chengdu: Southwest jiaotong university, 2011: 44 (In Chinese).
[6] Hyun-KyuJun, Hyun-Seung Jung, Dong-Hyung Lee et al. Fatigue crack evaluation on the underframe of EMU carbody[J]. Procedia Engineering, 2010, 2(1): 893-900.
[7] Jung-Seok Kim, Jong-CheolJeong, Sang-Jin Lee. Numerical and experimental studies on the deformational behaviora composite train carbody of the Korean tilting train[J]. Composite Structures, 2007, 81(2): 168-175.
[8] 吴会超,邬平波,曾京,等. 车下设备对车体振动的影响[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2012,12(5): 50-56.WU HuiChao, WU PingBo, ZENG Jing,et al. Influence of equipment under car on carbody vibration[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2012, 12(5): 50-56.(In Chinese)
[9] 叶序彬,胡本润,林华强,等. 温度对7N01-T4铝合金疲劳行为的影响[J]. 失效分析与预测, 2014,9(6): 347-354.YE XuBin, HU BenRun, LIN HuaQiang,et al. Effect on temperature on fatigue behavior of 7N01-T4 aluminum alloy [J]. Failure Analysis and Prevention, 2014,9(6): 347-354 (In Chinese).
[10] C.Qin, G.Q.Gou, X.L.Che, H.Chen. J.Chen, P.Li, W.Gao. Effect of composition on tensile properties and fracture toughness of Al-Zn-Mg alloy (A7N01S-T5) used in high speed trains [J]. Material and design, 2016(91): 278-28.
[11] 卢耀辉. 铁道客车转向架焊接构架疲劳可靠性研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2011: 50.LU YaoHui. Study on fatigue reliability of welded bogie frame for railway vehicle[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2011: 50 (In Chinese).
[12] 宋烨,邬平波,贾璐. 动车组头车车体疲劳强度分析[J]. 中国机械工程, 2015, 26(4): 553-559.SONG Ye, WU PingBo, JIA Lu. Fatigue strength analysis of locomotive car body[J]. China Mechanical Engineering. 2015,26(4): 553-559 (In Chinese).
[13] 熊小慧,梁习锋. CRH2型动车组列车交会空气压力波试验分析[J]. 铁道学报, 2009, 31(6): 15-20.XIONG XiaoHui, LIANG XiFeng. Analysis of air pressure pulses in meeting of Crh2 EMU trains[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2009, 31(6): 15-20(In Chinese).
[14] 田红旗,贺德馨.列车交会压力波三维数值的计算[J].铁道学报, 2001,23(3): 18-22.TIAN HongQi, HE DeXin.3-D numerical calculation of the air pressure pulse from two trains passing by each other [J]. Journal of the China Railway Society.2001,23(3):18-22 (In Chinese).
[15] 邱英政. 高速列车交会压力波数值模拟计算与测试研究[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2007: 39.QIU YingZheng. The Numerical and experimental investigation on crossing air pressure pulse by passing high-speed trains[D]. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2007: 39 (In Chinese).
[16] 宋烨,邬平波,贾璐. 高速列车车体气动载荷疲劳强度分析[J]. 机械强度, 2015,37(3):533-538.SONG Ye, WU PingBo, JIA Lu. Analysis of aerodynamic load on fatigue strength of the high-speed train car body[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2015,37(3):533-538(In Chinese).
[17] 卢耀辉,冯振,陈天利,等. 气动载荷影响下的高速列车车体疲劳强度评估方法[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2014,14(6): 44-50.LU YaoHui, FENG Zhen, CHEN TianLi,et al. Evaluation method of fatigue strength for carbody of high-speed train under influence of aerodynamic loads [J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2014,14(6):44-50 (In Chinese).
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