架空线路雷电感应电压的宏模型及跳闸率计算
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摘要
架空配电线路绝缘水平低,极易遭受雷击产生雷电过电压,从而造成供电中断影响广大人民的生产和生活;对于10 k V架空配电线路,由雷击引起线路闪络或故障的主要因素是感应雷过电压,因此,对架空配电线路感应雷过电压的研究具有十分重要的意义。为了提高配电线路的安全可靠性并对线路防雷设计提供有价值的参考依据,基于Agrawal场线耦合模型建立了一种计算感应雷过电压峰值的宏模型,并与时域有限元方法进行了对比验证;结合电气几何模型及蒙德卡罗法对华北地区10 k V架空输电线路进行感应雷跳闸率计算。
Because of low insulation level,overhead distribution lines are easy to be damaged by lightning,which may cause lightning overvoltages and power interruption. For the 10 k V overhead distribution lines,the main factor of flashover or fault caused by lightning is lightning induced overvoltages. To improve the safety and reliability of overhead distribution lines and provide reference for lightning protection design,this paper established a macro-model on the basis of the Agrawal field-to-line coupling model. The new model was applied to calculate the peak value of lightning induced overvoltages( LIOVs) on overhead lines and compared with time domain finite element method( TDFEM). Finally,the induced lightning flash-over rate of 10 k V overhead lines in north China was calculated by the proposed model,the electro-geometrical model and Monte Carlo method.
Because of low insulation level,overhead distribution lines are easy to be damaged by lightning,which may cause lightning overvoltages and power interruption. For the 10 k V overhead distribution lines,the main factor of flashover or fault caused by lightning is lightning induced overvoltages. To improve the safety and reliability of overhead distribution lines and provide reference for lightning protection design,this paper established a macro-model on the basis of the Agrawal field-to-line coupling model. The new model was applied to calculate the peak value of lightning induced overvoltages( LIOVs) on overhead lines and compared with time domain finite element method( TDFEM). Finally,the induced lightning flash-over rate of 10 k V overhead lines in north China was calculated by the proposed model,the electro-geometrical model and Monte Carlo method.
引文
[1]边凯,陈维江,沈海滨,等.配电线路架设地线对雷电感应过电压的防护效果[J].高电压技术,2013,39(4):993-999.BIAN K,CHEN W J,SHEN H B,et al.Protective effect of erecting ground wire on distribution line to lighting induced overvoltage[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(4):993-999.
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[3]朱明晓.架空配电线路耐雷性能分析与防雷措施研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2013.ZHU M X.Research on lightning performance evaluation and lightning protection of overhead distribution lines[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2013.
[4]吴昊.江苏省如皋地区110kV输电线路雷击跳闸率分析及防雷措施研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2016.WU H.Research on lightning protection performance and lightning outage rate of 110 k V transmission-lines in rugao area[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2016.
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[6]LIU X,CUI X,QI L.Time-domain finite-element method for the transient response of multiconductor transmission line excited by an electromagnetic field[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2011,53(2):462-474.
[7]刘教民,杜巍,王震洲,等.基于时域有限元的特快速暂态过电压仿真新方法[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(11):286-292.LIU J M,DU W,WANG Z Z,et al.A new simulation calculation method for VFTO based on time domain finite element method[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(11):286-292.
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[9]IMATO S,BABA Y,NAGAOKA N,et al.FDTD analysis of the electric field of a substation arrester under a lightning overvoltage[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2016,58(2):615-618.
[10]周远翔,鲁斌,李震宇,等.蒙特卡罗法计算线路雷击跳闸率随机过程研究[J].高电压技术,2007,33(5):1-5.ZHOU Y X,LU B,LI Z Y,et al.Selection of random processes in application of Monte Carlo Method to calculation of the lightning flash-over rate of transmission lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(5):1-5.
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[12]陈国庆,张志劲,孙才新,等.输电线路耐雷性能计算方法的研究现状分析[J].重庆大学学报,2003,26(5):137-142.CHEN G Q,ZHANG Z J,SUN C X,et al.Analyse the present status in the calculation methods of lightning protection performance for transmission line[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2003,26(5):137-142.
[13]ASSIS S D C,BOAVENTURA W D C,PAULINO J OS.Lightning performance of transmission line:comparison IEEE flash and monte carlo method[J].IEEE Latin America Transactions,2017,15(2):269-274.
[14]BORGHETTI A,NUCCI C A,PAOLONE M.An improved procedure for the assessment of overhead line indirect lightning performance and its comparison with the IEEE Std 1410 method[J].IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery,2007,22(1):684-691.
[15]江安烽,包炳生,顾承昱,等.后续雷击对10 k V配电线路耐雷性能及防雷措施的影响[J].电网技术,2014,38(6):1657-1663.JIANG A F,BAO B S,GU C Y,et al.Influences of subsequent stroke on lightning withstand performance and effects of lightning protection measures of 10 k Vdistribution lines[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(6):1657-1663.
[16]王希,王顺超,何金良,等.10 k V配电线路的雷电感应过电压特性[J].高电压技术,2011,37(3):599-605.WANG X,WANG S C,HE J L,et al.Characteristics of lightning induced overvoltage of 10kV distribution lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(3):599-605.
[17]卢斌先,王泽忠.外场激励下多导体传输线响应的节点导纳分析法[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(10):145-149.LU B X,WANG Z Z.Nodal admittance method for response of multiconductor transmission line excited by electromagnetic field[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(10):145-149.
[18]朱峰,邱日强,牛大鹏,等.基于有源传输线模型的地-架空屏蔽线缆耦合特性分析与参数计算[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(4):22-27.ZHU F,QIU R Q,NIU D P,et al.Coupling characteristic analysis and parameter calculation of ground and above-ground shielded cables based on transmission line with a distributed source model[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(4):22-27.
[19]梁贵书,王雁超.考虑频变参数的油浸式变压器绕组分数阶传输线模型[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(17):178-186.LIANG G S,WANG Y C.Fractional transmission line model of oil-immersed transformer winding considering frequency-dependent parameters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(17):178-186.
[20]GUSTAVSEN B,SEMLYEN A.Rational approximation of frequency domain responses by vector fitting[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1999,14(3):1052-1061.
[21]GUSTAVSEN B,SEMLYEN A.Simulation of transmission line transients using vector fitting and modal decomposition[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1998,23(2):605-614.
[22]GUSTAVESEN B.Optimal time delay extraction for transmission line modeling[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(1):45-54.
[23]NUCCI C A,MAZZETTI C,RACHIDI F,et al.On lightning return stroke models for LEMP calculations[C].19thInternational Conference on Lightning Protection,Austria,1988:234-238.
[24]IEEE Std 1410TM-2010,IEEE guide for improving the lightning performance of electric power overhead distribution lines[S].New York:IEEE Power&Energy Society,2010.
[2]TOSSANI F,BORGHETTI A,NAPOLITANO F,et al.Lightning performance of overhead power distribution lines in urban areas[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2018,33(2):581-588.
[3]朱明晓.架空配电线路耐雷性能分析与防雷措施研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2013.ZHU M X.Research on lightning performance evaluation and lightning protection of overhead distribution lines[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2013.
[4]吴昊.江苏省如皋地区110kV输电线路雷击跳闸率分析及防雷措施研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2016.WU H.Research on lightning protection performance and lightning outage rate of 110 k V transmission-lines in rugao area[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2016.
[5]刘靖,刘明光,屈志坚,等.不同地形条件下架空配电线路的防雷分析[J].高电压技术,2011,37(4):848-853.LIU J,LIU M G,QU Z J,et al.Comprehensive analysis of lightning performance of overhead power distribution line with varied ground obliquity[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(4):848-853.
[6]LIU X,CUI X,QI L.Time-domain finite-element method for the transient response of multiconductor transmission line excited by an electromagnetic field[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2011,53(2):462-474.
[7]刘教民,杜巍,王震洲,等.基于时域有限元的特快速暂态过电压仿真新方法[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(11):286-292.LIU J M,DU W,WANG Z Z,et al.A new simulation calculation method for VFTO based on time domain finite element method[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(11):286-292.
[8]RIZK M E M,MAHMOOD F,LEHTONEN M,et al.Computation of peak lightning-induced voltages due to the typical first and subsequent strokes considering high ground resistivity[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(4):1861-1871.
[9]IMATO S,BABA Y,NAGAOKA N,et al.FDTD analysis of the electric field of a substation arrester under a lightning overvoltage[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2016,58(2):615-618.
[10]周远翔,鲁斌,李震宇,等.蒙特卡罗法计算线路雷击跳闸率随机过程研究[J].高电压技术,2007,33(5):1-5.ZHOU Y X,LU B,LI Z Y,et al.Selection of random processes in application of Monte Carlo Method to calculation of the lightning flash-over rate of transmission lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(5):1-5.
[11]周远翔,鲁斌,尹庆福,等.工频电压对输电线路雷击跳闸率的影响[J].高电压技术,2007,33(9):61-65.ZHOU Y X,LU B,YIN Q F,et al.Influence of power frequency voltage on lightning flash-over rate of transmission lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(9):61-65.
[12]陈国庆,张志劲,孙才新,等.输电线路耐雷性能计算方法的研究现状分析[J].重庆大学学报,2003,26(5):137-142.CHEN G Q,ZHANG Z J,SUN C X,et al.Analyse the present status in the calculation methods of lightning protection performance for transmission line[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2003,26(5):137-142.
[13]ASSIS S D C,BOAVENTURA W D C,PAULINO J OS.Lightning performance of transmission line:comparison IEEE flash and monte carlo method[J].IEEE Latin America Transactions,2017,15(2):269-274.
[14]BORGHETTI A,NUCCI C A,PAOLONE M.An improved procedure for the assessment of overhead line indirect lightning performance and its comparison with the IEEE Std 1410 method[J].IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery,2007,22(1):684-691.
[15]江安烽,包炳生,顾承昱,等.后续雷击对10 k V配电线路耐雷性能及防雷措施的影响[J].电网技术,2014,38(6):1657-1663.JIANG A F,BAO B S,GU C Y,et al.Influences of subsequent stroke on lightning withstand performance and effects of lightning protection measures of 10 k Vdistribution lines[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(6):1657-1663.
[16]王希,王顺超,何金良,等.10 k V配电线路的雷电感应过电压特性[J].高电压技术,2011,37(3):599-605.WANG X,WANG S C,HE J L,et al.Characteristics of lightning induced overvoltage of 10kV distribution lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(3):599-605.
[17]卢斌先,王泽忠.外场激励下多导体传输线响应的节点导纳分析法[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(10):145-149.LU B X,WANG Z Z.Nodal admittance method for response of multiconductor transmission line excited by electromagnetic field[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(10):145-149.
[18]朱峰,邱日强,牛大鹏,等.基于有源传输线模型的地-架空屏蔽线缆耦合特性分析与参数计算[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(4):22-27.ZHU F,QIU R Q,NIU D P,et al.Coupling characteristic analysis and parameter calculation of ground and above-ground shielded cables based on transmission line with a distributed source model[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(4):22-27.
[19]梁贵书,王雁超.考虑频变参数的油浸式变压器绕组分数阶传输线模型[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(17):178-186.LIANG G S,WANG Y C.Fractional transmission line model of oil-immersed transformer winding considering frequency-dependent parameters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(17):178-186.
[20]GUSTAVSEN B,SEMLYEN A.Rational approximation of frequency domain responses by vector fitting[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1999,14(3):1052-1061.
[21]GUSTAVSEN B,SEMLYEN A.Simulation of transmission line transients using vector fitting and modal decomposition[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1998,23(2):605-614.
[22]GUSTAVESEN B.Optimal time delay extraction for transmission line modeling[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(1):45-54.
[23]NUCCI C A,MAZZETTI C,RACHIDI F,et al.On lightning return stroke models for LEMP calculations[C].19thInternational Conference on Lightning Protection,Austria,1988:234-238.
[24]IEEE Std 1410TM-2010,IEEE guide for improving the lightning performance of electric power overhead distribution lines[S].New York:IEEE Power&Energy Society,2010.