巢湖湖区及入湖河流表层水体、沉积物中有机氯农药分布及风险评价
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摘要
本研究基于GC-MS分析了巢湖湖区及入湖河流共40个采样点的表层水及表层沉积物样品中有机氯杀虫剂(OCPs)的含量.研究结果表明,在一年内不同季节中,巢湖湖区及入湖河流表层水体∑OCPs浓度均较低,春季6.09—11.53 ng·L~(-1),夏季6.32—11.10 ng·L~(-1),秋季6.76—16.23 ng·L~(-1),冬季5.97—16.29 ng·L~(-1);相应季节OCPs平均浓度分别为8.33±1.19 ng·L~(-1),8.43±1.21 ng·L~(-1),9.25±1.96 ng·L~(-1)和8.33±2.14 ng·L~(-1).表层水体中OCPs主要为工业生产六六六(HCHs)以及杀虫剂林丹.湖区及入湖河流表层沉积物中OCPs浓度(ng·g~(-1)级别)远高于表层水体(ng·L~(-1)级别)的浓度,∑OCPs浓度范围为2.55—19.03 ng·g~(-1),平均浓度为5.80±4.07 ng·g~(-1),且巢湖西部地区OCPs污染大于东部区域,其中较高浓度的狄氏剂和硫丹成分说明巢湖区域受到这两类物质的污染.异构体分析表明,表层沉积物中OCPs的来源也与周边农田土壤和地表径流所带来的污染以及不同程度工业品HCHs粉剂和林丹的陆源性输入有关;在绝大多数采样点的表层沉积物中滴滴涕类农药(DDTs)的检出为历史的残留污染.生态风险评价表明,巢湖湖区及入湖河流表层水体中OCPs对该区域的生态风险几乎没有影响且表层沉积物中OCPs亦处于较低的风险状态.
Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) in surface water and sediment samples from 40 sampling sites in Chaohu Lake and its inflow rivers were determined by GC-MS. The results show that the total concentrations of OCPs(∑OCPs) in surface water from Chaohu lake and its inflow rivers were rather low throughout the year, and they ranged 6.09—11.53 ng·L~(-1) for the spring, 6.32—11.10 ng·L~(-1) for the summer, 6.76—16.23 ng·L~(-1) for the autumn, and 5.97—16.29 ng·L~(-1) for the winter. The mean values for the four seasons were 8.33±1.19 ng·L~(-1), 8.43±1.21 ng·L~(-1), 9.25±1.96 ng·L~(-1) and 8.33±2.14 ng·L~(-1), respectively. The detected OCPs in surface water mainly originated from industrial hexachloro-cyclohexane soprocide(HCHs) and lindane. However, the concentrations of ∑OCPs in surface sediments(ng·g~(-1) levels), which ranged 2.55—19.03 ng·g~(-1) with a mean value of 5.80±4.07 ng·g~(-1), were far higher than those in the surface waters(ng·L~(-1) levels). The pollution levels in the western lake were higher than those in the eastern lake. The high concentrations of dieldrin and endosulfan suggested that Chaohu Lake suffered from these two pollutants. The results also showed that pesticides spraying, surface runoff and terrestrial input from industrial HCHs and lindane were the other primary sources of OCPs. Based on the composition characteristics of dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane(DDTs), the detected DDTs in surface sediments from most sampling sites mainly originated from historical usage. The ecological risk assessment demonstrated that the OCPs in the surface water induced negligible effect on Chaohu Lake and its inflow rivers, and the OCPs in the surface sediments might put fairly low ecological risks to the Chaohu Lake ecosystem.
Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) in surface water and sediment samples from 40 sampling sites in Chaohu Lake and its inflow rivers were determined by GC-MS. The results show that the total concentrations of OCPs(∑OCPs) in surface water from Chaohu lake and its inflow rivers were rather low throughout the year, and they ranged 6.09—11.53 ng·L~(-1) for the spring, 6.32—11.10 ng·L~(-1) for the summer, 6.76—16.23 ng·L~(-1) for the autumn, and 5.97—16.29 ng·L~(-1) for the winter. The mean values for the four seasons were 8.33±1.19 ng·L~(-1), 8.43±1.21 ng·L~(-1), 9.25±1.96 ng·L~(-1) and 8.33±2.14 ng·L~(-1), respectively. The detected OCPs in surface water mainly originated from industrial hexachloro-cyclohexane soprocide(HCHs) and lindane. However, the concentrations of ∑OCPs in surface sediments(ng·g~(-1) levels), which ranged 2.55—19.03 ng·g~(-1) with a mean value of 5.80±4.07 ng·g~(-1), were far higher than those in the surface waters(ng·L~(-1) levels). The pollution levels in the western lake were higher than those in the eastern lake. The high concentrations of dieldrin and endosulfan suggested that Chaohu Lake suffered from these two pollutants. The results also showed that pesticides spraying, surface runoff and terrestrial input from industrial HCHs and lindane were the other primary sources of OCPs. Based on the composition characteristics of dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane(DDTs), the detected DDTs in surface sediments from most sampling sites mainly originated from historical usage. The ecological risk assessment demonstrated that the OCPs in the surface water induced negligible effect on Chaohu Lake and its inflow rivers, and the OCPs in the surface sediments might put fairly low ecological risks to the Chaohu Lake ecosystem.
引文
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[2] HUA S, GONG J L, ZENG G M, et al. Remediation of organochlorine pesticides contaminated lake sediment using activated carbon and carbon nanotubes[J]. Chemosphere, 2017, 177: 65-76.
[3] WANG H, QU B, LIU H, et al. Analysis of organochlorine pesticides in surface water of the Songhua River using magnetoliposomes as adsorbents coupled with GC-MS/MS detection[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 618: 70-79.
[4] GüNTER A, BALSAA P, WERRES F, et al. Influence of the drying step within disk-based solid-phase extraction both on the recovery and the limit of quantification of organochlorine pesticides in surface waters including suspended particulate matter[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2016, 1450: 1-8.
[5] 陈卫平, 彭程伟, 杨阳,等. 北京市地下水有机氯和有机磷农药健康风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2018, 39(1): 117-122.CHEN W P, PENG C W, YANG Y, et al. Health risk evaluation of organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticides in groundwater in Beijing[J]. Environmental Science, 2018, 39 (1): 117-122 (in Chinese).
[6] 仇秀梅, 董学林, 刘亚东,等. 液液萃取—气相色谱法同时测定地下水中16种有机氯农药[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2016, 38(11): 72-78.QIU X M, DONG X L, LIU Y D, et al. Simultaneous determination of 16 organochlorine pesticides in groundwater by liquid -liquid extraction/gas chromatography[J]. Environmental Pollution and Control, 2016, 38(11): 72-78 (in Chinese).
[7] 丁洋, 黄焕芳, 李绘,等. 广州南沙红树林湿地水体和沉积物中有机氯农药的残留特征[J]. 环境科学, 2017, 38(4): 1431-1441.DING Y, HUANG H F, LI H, et al. Residues of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in water and sediments from Nansha mangrove wetland[J]. Environmental Science, 2017, 38(4): 1431-1441 (in Chinese).
[8] 袁鹏辉, 陈明晓, 董军,等. SPE -GC -MS 法测定地下水中26种有机氯农药[J]. 环境监控与预警, 2016, 8(6): 32-36. YUAN P H, CHEN X M, DONG J, et al. A Study of 26 organochlorine pesticides in groundwater by SPE-GC-MS[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning, 2016, 8(6): 32-36 (in Chinese).
[9] LI Y F, MACDONALD R W. Sources and pathways of selected organochlorine pesticides to the arctic and the effect of pathway divergence on HCH trends in biota: A review[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2005, 342(1-3): 87-106.
[10] XUN Y, ZHANG X, CHEN C L, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of soil near uranium Tailings, Beishan City, China[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2018, 100(6): 843-848.
[11] 刘翠翠, 何洁妮, 仇雁翎,等. 黄浦江水相中有机氯农药的污染特征分析[J]. 环境化学, 2017, 36(4): 849-857.LIU C C, HE J N, QIU Y L, et al. Pollution status analysis of organochlorine pesticides in Huangpu River water[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2017, 36(4): 849-857 (in Chinese).
[12] 于英鹏, 刘敏. 太湖流域水源地有机氯农药分布特征与生态风险评价[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2017, 39(8): 829-834.YU Y P, LIU M. Distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides in water sources of Taihu Lake Basin[J]. Environmental Pollution and Control, 2017, 39(8): 829-834 (in Chinese).
[13] 孙倩倩, 笪春年, 吴克. 巢湖水体中有机氯农药的残留特征和来源分析[J]. 合肥学院学报(综合版), 2017, 34(2): 69-73.SUN Q Q, DA C N, WU K. Residues character and source identification of organochlorine pesticides in water from Chaohu Lake[J]. Journal of Hefei University(Integrated Science), 2017, 34(2): 69-73 (in Chinese).
[14] 孙倩倩, 吴克. 巢湖表层水中有机氯农药的时空分布及健康风险[J]. 安庆师范学院学报(自科版), 2017, 23(3): 76-79.SUN Q Q, WU K. Temporal and spatial distribution and human health risk of organochlorine pesticides in surface water from Chaohu Lake[J]. Journal of Anqing Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2017, 23(3): 76-79 (in Chinese).
[15] 王雁, 何伟, 秦宁,等. 巢湖表层沉积物中有机氯农药的残留与风险[J]. 环境科学学报, 2012, 32(2): 308-316.WANG Y, HE W, QIN N, et al. Residual levels and ecological risks of organochlorine pesticides in surface sediments from Lake Chaohu[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2012, 32(2): 308-316 (in Chinese).
[16] ZHANG Z, HUANG J, YU G, et al. Occurrence of PAHs, PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in the Tonghui River of Beijing, China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2004, 130(2): 249-261.
[17] 龚香宜. 有机氯农药在湖泊水体和沉积物中的污染特征及动力学研究—以洪湖为例[D].武汉: 中国地质大学, 2007.GONG X Y. Contamination and kinetics of organochlorine pesticides in water and sediments in a lake: A case study in Honghu Lake[D]. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences, 2007 (in Chinese).
[18] 胡雄星, 夏德祥, 韩中豪, 等. 苏州河水及沉积物中有机氯农药的分布与归宿[J]. 中国环境科学, 2005, 25(1): 124-128.HU X X, XIA D X, HAN Z H, et al. Distribution characteristics and fate of organochlorine pesticide in water-sediment of Suzhou River[J]. China Environmental Science, 2005, 25(1): 124-128 (in Chinese).
[19] 穆三妞. 珠江河口滴滴涕、六六六的残留水平及污染特征[D]. 上海: 上海海洋大学, 2012.MU S N. DDTs and HCHs residues and pollution evaluation in the Pearl River Estuary[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Ocean University, 2012 (in Chinese).
[20] 张祖麟, 洪华生, 陈伟琪, 等. 闽江口水、间隙水和沉积物中有机氯农药的含量[J]. 环境科学, 2003, 24(1): 117-120.ZHANG Z L, HONG H S, CHEN W Q, et al. Contents of organochlorine pesticides in water, pore water and sediment in Minjiang River Estuary of China[J]. Environmental Science, 2003, 24(1): 117-120 (in Chinese).
[21] 迟杰. 有机氯农药在海河干流水体和菹草中的浓度分布[J]. 环境科学研究, 2009, 22(9): 1008-1012.CHI J. Distribution of organochlorine pesticides in water and potamog eton crispus L. from the Haihe River[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2009, 22(9): 1008-1012 (in Chinese).
[22] XUE B, TANG Q Z, JIN M Q, et al. Residues and enantiomeric profiling of organochlorine pesticides in sediments from Xinghua Bay, southern East China Sea[J]. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B, 2014, 49(2): 116-123.
[23] ZHAO Z H, JIANG Y, LI Q Y, et al. Spatial correlation analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediments between Taihu Lake and its tributary rivers[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2017, 142: 117-128.
[24] 暴志蕾, 赵兴茹, 耿梦娇, 等. 长三角地区饮用水源地沉积物中有机氯农药污染特征[J]. 环境化学, 2016, 35(6): 1237-1245.BAO Z L, ZHAO X R, GENG M J, et al. Characteristics of organochlorine pesticides in the sediments from the drinking water source of the Yangtze River delta region[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2016, 35(6): 1237-1245 (in Chinese).
[25] ZHAO L, HOU H, ZHOU Y, et al. Distribution and ecological risk of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in surficial sediments from Haihe River and Haihe Estuary Area, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2010, 78(10): 1285-1293.
[26] QIN Y W, ZHANG L, ZHENG B H, et al. Distribution characteristics and sources of OCPs in estuary sediments of main runoff flowed into China′s Bohai bay[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2010, 29(10): 1900-1906.
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