江汉平原冲积相黏土沉积物有机碳的赋存特征
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摘要
以江汉平原冲积相地层不同深度的黏土沉积物有机碳的形态特征为研究对象,通过沉积物粒径和黏土矿物组成分析沉积环境和孔隙水化学成分对有机碳形态的影响,并利用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)分析微生物的种类和含量及对有机碳的分解程度的影响。结果表明:(1)黏土沉积物的总有机碳(TOC)含量范围为1.77～19.57 g/kg;重组有机碳(HFOC)含量范围为1.60～17.79 g/kg;轻组有机碳(LFOC)含量范围为0.03～3.06 g/kg;黏土层孔隙水中的溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量范围为12.42～97.71μg/L。相对深层的沉积物有机碳以HFOC为主,HFOC对深层碳库的积累起着重要作用;(2)LFOC是孔隙水中DOC的来源之一;(3)微生物对LFOC的利用效率较高,微生物更偏向利用小分子有机酸和氨基酸(LFOC的组成成分)作为碳源,与LFOC呈显著负相关;(4)TOC和HFOC与黏粒组分呈正相关关系,它们与粉粒和细砂粒无相关性,黏粒是沉积物固定有机碳的重要组分;(5)蒙脱石与有机碳含量的相关性良好,存在较强的吸附作用。
Speciation of organic carbon contained in clay sediments of different depths in the alluvial facies strata of Jianghan Plain was studied. The study focused on the influences of the sedimentary environment and chemical component of pore water on organic carbon forms which were investigated through the analysis of sediments grain sizes and clay mineral composition,and the species and content of microorganisms, which were analyzed by measuring phospholipid fatty acids(PLFA), as well as their effects on the degree of decomposition of organic carbon were discussed. The results of the study indicated that: TOC(total organic carbon) concentrations of clay sediments range from 1.77 to 19.57 g/kg; HFOC(heavy fraction organic carbon)concentrations of clay sediments are within the range of 1.60～17.79 g/kg; LFOC(light fraction organic carbon) concentrations within the range of 0.03～3.06 g/kg; and DOC(dissolved organic carbon) concentrations range between 12.42 and 97.71μg/L.HFOC is the main form of organic carbon in clay sediments at the deeper layer, and HFOC plays an important role in the accumulation of TOC for the deep-layered carbon pool. LFOC is one of the sources of DOC in the pore water in clay sediments. Microbes are high in LFOC availability, which are more likely to use small molecular organic acids and amino acids(components of LFOC) as carbon sources, thus the total mass of microbes is negatively correlated with LFOC contents.Concentrations of TOC and HFOC are in positive correlation with the constitutes of clay particles, not related to silt particles and fine sand particles, indicating that clay particle is an important component in the preservation of organic carbon in sediments. There exists a good correlation between montmorillonite and organic carbon content, montmorillonite being characterized with rather strong adsorption function.
Speciation of organic carbon contained in clay sediments of different depths in the alluvial facies strata of Jianghan Plain was studied. The study focused on the influences of the sedimentary environment and chemical component of pore water on organic carbon forms which were investigated through the analysis of sediments grain sizes and clay mineral composition,and the species and content of microorganisms, which were analyzed by measuring phospholipid fatty acids(PLFA), as well as their effects on the degree of decomposition of organic carbon were discussed. The results of the study indicated that: TOC(total organic carbon) concentrations of clay sediments range from 1.77 to 19.57 g/kg; HFOC(heavy fraction organic carbon)concentrations of clay sediments are within the range of 1.60～17.79 g/kg; LFOC(light fraction organic carbon) concentrations within the range of 0.03～3.06 g/kg; and DOC(dissolved organic carbon) concentrations range between 12.42 and 97.71μg/L.HFOC is the main form of organic carbon in clay sediments at the deeper layer, and HFOC plays an important role in the accumulation of TOC for the deep-layered carbon pool. LFOC is one of the sources of DOC in the pore water in clay sediments. Microbes are high in LFOC availability, which are more likely to use small molecular organic acids and amino acids(components of LFOC) as carbon sources, thus the total mass of microbes is negatively correlated with LFOC contents.Concentrations of TOC and HFOC are in positive correlation with the constitutes of clay particles, not related to silt particles and fine sand particles, indicating that clay particle is an important component in the preservation of organic carbon in sediments. There exists a good correlation between montmorillonite and organic carbon content, montmorillonite being characterized with rather strong adsorption function.
引文
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[21]王连峰,潘根兴,石盛莉,等.酸沉降影响下庐山森林生态系统土壤溶液溶解有机碳分布[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002(1):29-34.Wang Lianfeng,Pan Genxing,Shi Shengli,et al.Distribution of dissolved organic carbon in soil solution of Mount Lu forest ecosystem under acid deposition[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2002(1):29-34.
[22]江凌玲,詹艺凌,韦善君.脂肪酸分析技术在土壤微生物多样性研究中的应用现状[J].安徽农业科学,2011(17):10327-10329.Jiang Lingling,Zhan Yiling,Wei Shanjun.Application of fatty acid analysis technology in soil microbial diversity research[J].Anhui Agricultural Science,2011(17):10327-10329.
[23]董黎明.利用磷脂脂肪酸表征白洋淀沉积物微生物特征[J].中国环境科学,2011(11):1875-1880.Dong Liming.Characterization of microbial characteristics of sediments in Baiyangdian by phospholipid fatty acids[J].China Environmental Science,2011(11):1875-1880.
[24]颜慧,蔡祖聪,钟文辉.磷脂脂肪酸分析方法及其在土壤微生物多样性研究中的应用[J].土壤学报,2006(5):851-859.Yan Hui,Cai Zucong,Zhong Wenhui.Phospholipid fatty acid analysis and its application in the study of soil microbial diversity[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2006(5):851-859.
[25]Liu Y Y,Yao H Y,Huang C Y.Assessing the effect of airdrying and storage on microbial biomass and community structure in paddy soils[J].Plant and Soil,2009,317(1/2):213-221.
[26]Zelles L.Fatty acid patterns of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides in the characterisation of microbial communities in soil:a review[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,1999,29(2):111-129.
[27]Kendrick A,Ratledge C.Lipids of selected molds grown for production of N-3 and N-6 polyunsaturated fatty-acids[J].Lipids,1992,27(1):15-20.
[28]Lovley D R,Stolz J F,Nord G L,et al.Anaerobic production of magnetite by a dissimilatory iron-reducing microorganism[J].Nature,1987,330(6145):252-254.
[29]陶晓,赵竑绯,徐小牛.合肥市不同绿地类型土壤溶解性有机碳变化规律[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(12):63-66.Tao Xiao,Zhao Hongfei,Xu Xiaoniu.Variation of dissolved organic carbon in different green space types in Hefei[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2011,39(12):63-66.
[30]王晓凌,李凤民.苜蓿草地与苜蓿-作物轮作系统土壤微生物量与土壤轻组碳氮研究[J].水土保持学报,2006(4):132-135.Wang Xiaoling,Li Fengmin.Study on soil microbial biomass and light carbon and nitrogen in alfalfa grassland and alfalfa crop rotation system[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2006(4):132-135.
[31]刘丹.廊坊市第四纪沉积物粒度特征及沉积环境分析[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012.Liu Dan.Grain Size Characteristics and Sedimentary Environment of Quaternary Sediments in Langfang[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2012.
[32]Lal R,Kimble J M.Conservation tillage for carbon sequestration[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,1997,49(1/2/3):243-253.
[33]任秀娥,童成立,孙中林,等.温度对不同粘粒含量稻田土壤有机碳矿化的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007(10):2245-2250.Ren Xiu'e,Tong Chengli,Sun Zhonglin,et al.Effect of temperature on soil organic carbon mineralization in paddy fields with different clay contents[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2007(10):2245-2250.
[34]Murphy E M,Zachara J M,Smith S C.Influence of mineralbound humic substances on the sorption of hydrophobic organic-compounds[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1990,24(10):1507-1516.
[2]李恋卿,潘根兴,龚伟,等.太湖地区几种水稻土的有机碳储存及其分布特性[J].科技通报,2000(6):421-426.Li Lianqing,Pan Genxing,Gong Wei.Storage and distribution characteristics of organic carbon in several paddy soils in Taihu Lake[J].Bulletin of Science and Technology,2000(6):421-426.
[3]Wallschlager D,Desai M,Spengler M,et al.How humic substances dominate mercury geochemistry in contaminated floodplain soils and sediments[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1998,27(5):1044-1054.
[4]Drouillard K G,Ciborowski J,Lazar R,et al.Estimation of the uptake of organochlorines by the mayfly Hexagenia limbata(Ephemeroptera:Ephemeridae)[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,1996,22(1):26-35.
[5]赵万苍.达里诺尔有机碳形态分布特征[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2010.Zhao Wancang.Morphological Distribution Characteristics of Organic Carbon in Dali Noor[D].Hollyhock:Inner Mongolia University,2010.
[6]Hendry M J,Wassenaar L I.Transport and geochemical controls on the distribution of solutes and stable isotopes in a thick clay-rich till aquitard,Canada[J].Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies,2004,40(1):3-19.
[7]孟妍,梅凡民,付冉,等.湖泊沉积物溶解性有机质的特征及其环境意义[J].现代化工,2011(S2):10-12.Meng Yan,Mei Fanmin,Fu Ran,et al.Characteristics and environmental significance of dissolved organic matter in lake sediments[J].Modern Chemical Industry,2011(S2):10-12.
[8]Schmitt A,Glaser B.Organic matter dynamics in a temperate forest soil following enhanced drying[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2011,43(3):478-489.
[9]Polizzotto M L,Kocar B D,Benner S G,et al.Near-surface wetland sediments as a source of arsenic release to ground water in Asia[J].Nature,2008,454(7203):505.
[10]Wang Y X,Ma T,Ryzhenko B N,et al.Model for the formation of arsenic contamination in groundwater.1.Datong Basin,China[J].Geochemistry International,2009,47(7):713-724.
[11]Fabrykamartin J,Whittemore D O,Davis S N,et al.Geochemistry of halogens in the Milk River Aquifer,Alberta,Canada[J].Applied Geochemistry,1991,6(4):447-464.
[12]Konikow L F,Neuzil C E.A method to estimate groundwater depletion from confining layers[J].Water Resources Research,2007,43(W074177).
[13]Reszat T N,Hendry M J.Complexation of aqueous elements by DOC in a clay aquitard[J].Ground Water,2007,45(5):542-553.
[14]师焕芝,李福春,孙旭辉,等.洛川黄土/古土壤中有机碳的分布特征及其与粘土矿物的相关性[J].中国地质,2011(5):1355-1362.Shi Huanzhi,Li Fuchun,Sun Xuhui,et al.Distribution characteristics of organic carbon and their correlation with clay minerals in loess/paleosol of Luochuan[J].Geology in China,2011(5):1355-1362.
[15]李楠,蒋先军,曹良元.不同形态的有机碳在土壤团聚体中的分布及耕作的影响[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2009(3):126-130.Li Nan,Jiang Xianjun,Cao Liangyuan.Distribution of different forms of organic carbon in soil aggregates and effects of tillage[J].Journal of Southwestern University:Natural Science Edition,2009(3):126-130.
[16]陈芳,张海涛,王天巍,等.江汉平原典型土壤的系统分类及空间分布研究[J].土壤学报,2014(4):761-771.Chen Fang,Zhang Haitao,Wang Tianwei,et al.Systematic classification and spatial distribution of typical soils in Jianghan Plain[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2014(4):761-771.
[17]Janzen H H,Campbell C A,Brandt S A,et al.Light-fraction organic-matter in Soils from long-term crop rotations[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1992,56(6):1799-1806.
[18]袁久坤,周英.利用取土钻改进环刀法准确测定土壤容重和孔隙度[J].中国园艺文摘,2014(3):25-26.Yuan Jiukun,Zhou Ying.Accurate measurement of soil bulk density and porosity by using earth drill to improve circular cutting method[J].Chinese Horticultural Digest,2014(3):25-26.
[19]张文菊,彭佩钦,童成立,等.洞庭湖湿地有机碳垂直分布与组成特征[J].环境科学,2005(3):56-60.Zhang Wenju,Peng Peiqin,Tong Chengli,et al.Vertical distribution and composition characteristics of organic carbon in wetland of Dongting Lake[J].Environmental Science,2005(3):56-60.
[20]陈同斌,陈志军.土壤中溶解性有机质及其对污染物吸附和解吸行为的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1998(3):201-210.Chen Tongbin,Chen Zhijun.Dissolved organic matter in soil and its effects on adsorption and desorption of pollutants[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,1998(3):201-210.
[21]王连峰,潘根兴,石盛莉,等.酸沉降影响下庐山森林生态系统土壤溶液溶解有机碳分布[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002(1):29-34.Wang Lianfeng,Pan Genxing,Shi Shengli,et al.Distribution of dissolved organic carbon in soil solution of Mount Lu forest ecosystem under acid deposition[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2002(1):29-34.
[22]江凌玲,詹艺凌,韦善君.脂肪酸分析技术在土壤微生物多样性研究中的应用现状[J].安徽农业科学,2011(17):10327-10329.Jiang Lingling,Zhan Yiling,Wei Shanjun.Application of fatty acid analysis technology in soil microbial diversity research[J].Anhui Agricultural Science,2011(17):10327-10329.
[23]董黎明.利用磷脂脂肪酸表征白洋淀沉积物微生物特征[J].中国环境科学,2011(11):1875-1880.Dong Liming.Characterization of microbial characteristics of sediments in Baiyangdian by phospholipid fatty acids[J].China Environmental Science,2011(11):1875-1880.
[24]颜慧,蔡祖聪,钟文辉.磷脂脂肪酸分析方法及其在土壤微生物多样性研究中的应用[J].土壤学报,2006(5):851-859.Yan Hui,Cai Zucong,Zhong Wenhui.Phospholipid fatty acid analysis and its application in the study of soil microbial diversity[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2006(5):851-859.
[25]Liu Y Y,Yao H Y,Huang C Y.Assessing the effect of airdrying and storage on microbial biomass and community structure in paddy soils[J].Plant and Soil,2009,317(1/2):213-221.
[26]Zelles L.Fatty acid patterns of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides in the characterisation of microbial communities in soil:a review[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,1999,29(2):111-129.
[27]Kendrick A,Ratledge C.Lipids of selected molds grown for production of N-3 and N-6 polyunsaturated fatty-acids[J].Lipids,1992,27(1):15-20.
[28]Lovley D R,Stolz J F,Nord G L,et al.Anaerobic production of magnetite by a dissimilatory iron-reducing microorganism[J].Nature,1987,330(6145):252-254.
[29]陶晓,赵竑绯,徐小牛.合肥市不同绿地类型土壤溶解性有机碳变化规律[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(12):63-66.Tao Xiao,Zhao Hongfei,Xu Xiaoniu.Variation of dissolved organic carbon in different green space types in Hefei[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2011,39(12):63-66.
[30]王晓凌,李凤民.苜蓿草地与苜蓿-作物轮作系统土壤微生物量与土壤轻组碳氮研究[J].水土保持学报,2006(4):132-135.Wang Xiaoling,Li Fengmin.Study on soil microbial biomass and light carbon and nitrogen in alfalfa grassland and alfalfa crop rotation system[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2006(4):132-135.
[31]刘丹.廊坊市第四纪沉积物粒度特征及沉积环境分析[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012.Liu Dan.Grain Size Characteristics and Sedimentary Environment of Quaternary Sediments in Langfang[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2012.
[32]Lal R,Kimble J M.Conservation tillage for carbon sequestration[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,1997,49(1/2/3):243-253.
[33]任秀娥,童成立,孙中林,等.温度对不同粘粒含量稻田土壤有机碳矿化的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007(10):2245-2250.Ren Xiu'e,Tong Chengli,Sun Zhonglin,et al.Effect of temperature on soil organic carbon mineralization in paddy fields with different clay contents[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2007(10):2245-2250.
[34]Murphy E M,Zachara J M,Smith S C.Influence of mineralbound humic substances on the sorption of hydrophobic organic-compounds[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1990,24(10):1507-1516.