西藏河谷区9个引进燕麦品种的生产性能和营养品质比较研究
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摘要
为了筛选出适合在西藏河谷区种植的燕麦品种,本研究通过田间试验测定了9个燕麦品种的产量和营养品质。参试的燕麦品种为阿坝燕麦、青引1号、青引2号、青海444、青燕1号、林纳、边锋、加燕2号和青海甜燕麦,于2016年5月8日播种,小区面积为3 m×4 m,设3次重复。对9个燕麦品种抽穗期、孕穗期和成熟期的鲜重、干重、干鲜比、株高和叶茎比以及成熟期的营养品质[粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(Ash)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、木质素(ADL)]进行测定。成熟期的地上部干重结果表明,青燕1号、林纳、边锋和加燕2号的产量均大于26000 kg·hm~(-2),青引1号、青引2号、青海444和青海甜燕麦产量为22000～26000 kg·hm~(-2),阿坝燕麦产量低于22000 kg·hm~(-2)。9个燕麦品种的CP、EE、Ash、ADF、NDF、ADL含量的变化范围分别为4.5%～7.2%、21.7%～57.3%、4.5%～5.7%、24.9%～35.4%、58.2%～80.5%和30.6%～42.0%,营养品质结果表明,青燕1号、青引2号和加燕2号的CP含量显著低于其他品种(P<0.05);边锋的NDF含量显著低于其他品种(P<0.05),青海甜燕麦含量最高;青海444的EE含量显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。应用灰色关联度理论方法对9个燕麦品种的产量与营养品质指标进行综合分析得出,青海444、青燕1号和阿坝燕麦较其他燕麦品种更适宜在该地区种植推广。
A field experiment measuring yield and nutritive value was conducted to select oat varieties suitable for cultivation in the Valley region of Tibet. Varieties tested were: Aba, Qingyin No.1, Qingyin No.2, Qinghai 444, Qingyan No.1, Linna, Bianfeng, Jiayan No.2, and Qinghai sweet oat; these were planted on 8 th May 2016 in 3 m×4 m plots with 3 replicates. Yield measurements included fresh weight, dry weight(DW), dry matter%, plant height, leaf/stem, and nutritional quality of the nine varieties at heading, booting and maturity stages. Nutritive value measurements included crude protein(CP), ether extract(EE), crude ash(Ash), acid detergent fiber(ADF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), and lignin(ADL), measured at maturity. For above-ground DW at maturity, the varieties could be divided into groups of high yield(>26 t·ha~(-1); Qingyan No.2, Linna, Bianfeng, and Jiayan No.2), medium yield(22-26 t·ha~(-1); Qingyin1 No.1, Qingyin No.2, Qinghai 444, and Qinghai sweet oat), and low yield(<22 t·ha~(-1); Aba). With respect to the nutritional quality results, the ranges observed for CP, EE, Ash, ADF, NDF, and ADL content were, respectively, 4.5%-7.2%, 21.7%-57.3%, 4.5%-5.7%, 24.9%-35.4%, 58.2%-80.5% and 30.6%-42.0%. Among variety differences in nutritive value observed were: CP, Qingyan No.1, Qingyin No.2 and Jiayan No.2 significantly lower than other varieties; ADF, Bianfeng lower and Qinghai sweet oat higher than others; NDF, Bianfeng higher and Linna lower than other varieties; EE, Qinghai 444 higher than other varieties. Based on grey relational analysis of yields and nutritional quality, it was concluded that Qinghai 444, Qingyan No.1 and Aba oats are the best performing varieties in this region.
A field experiment measuring yield and nutritive value was conducted to select oat varieties suitable for cultivation in the Valley region of Tibet. Varieties tested were: Aba, Qingyin No.1, Qingyin No.2, Qinghai 444, Qingyan No.1, Linna, Bianfeng, Jiayan No.2, and Qinghai sweet oat; these were planted on 8 th May 2016 in 3 m×4 m plots with 3 replicates. Yield measurements included fresh weight, dry weight(DW), dry matter%, plant height, leaf/stem, and nutritional quality of the nine varieties at heading, booting and maturity stages. Nutritive value measurements included crude protein(CP), ether extract(EE), crude ash(Ash), acid detergent fiber(ADF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), and lignin(ADL), measured at maturity. For above-ground DW at maturity, the varieties could be divided into groups of high yield(>26 t·ha~(-1); Qingyan No.2, Linna, Bianfeng, and Jiayan No.2), medium yield(22-26 t·ha~(-1); Qingyin1 No.1, Qingyin No.2, Qinghai 444, and Qinghai sweet oat), and low yield(<22 t·ha~(-1); Aba). With respect to the nutritional quality results, the ranges observed for CP, EE, Ash, ADF, NDF, and ADL content were, respectively, 4.5%-7.2%, 21.7%-57.3%, 4.5%-5.7%, 24.9%-35.4%, 58.2%-80.5% and 30.6%-42.0%. Among variety differences in nutritive value observed were: CP, Qingyan No.1, Qingyin No.2 and Jiayan No.2 significantly lower than other varieties; ADF, Bianfeng lower and Qinghai sweet oat higher than others; NDF, Bianfeng higher and Linna lower than other varieties; EE, Qinghai 444 higher than other varieties. Based on grey relational analysis of yields and nutritional quality, it was concluded that Qinghai 444, Qingyan No.1 and Aba oats are the best performing varieties in this region.
引文
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[2] Shang Z H,Ji Q M.Discussion on the development of crop-grass system in the "Three Rivers" region of Tibet.Pratacultural Science,2009,26(8):141-146.尚占环,姬秋梅.西藏 “一江两河” 农区草业发展探讨.草业科学,2009,26(8):141-146.
[3] Fu G,Shen Z,Sun W,et al.A meta-analysis of the effects of experimental warming on plant physiology and growth on the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Plant Growth Regulation,2015,34(1):57-65.
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[6] Qu G P.The investigation on the introduction of herbage and forage crop in agricultural area of Tibetan.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2012.曲广鹏.西藏农区牧草和饲草作物引种试验研究.北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[7] Cui G W,Li B,Wang M J,et al.Development status existing problems and their solutions of artificial pasture in Tibet.Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2015,11(21):137-138.崔国文,李冰,王明君,等.西藏人工草地的发展现状、存在问题及解决途径.黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015,11(21):137-138.
[8] Zhang X Z,He Y T,Sheng Z X,et al.Frontier of the ecological construction support the sustainable development in Tibet autonomous region.Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2015,30(3):306-312.张宪洲,何永涛,沈振西,等.西藏地区可持续发展面临的主要生态环境问题及对策.中国科学院院刊,2015,30(3):306-312.
[9] Vierstra R D,Langan S M,Haas A L.Purification and initial characterization of ubiquitin from the higher plant,Avena sativa.Journal of Biological Chemistry,1985,260(22):12015-12021.
[10] Ebbs S D,Kochian L V.Phytoextraction of zinc by oat (Avena sativa),barley (Hordeum vulgare),and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea).Environmental Science & Technology,1998,32(6):802-806.
[11] Ni M Z X,Yu D L,Bian B,et al.Tibet produce oat of status and effect on stack breeding.Tibet Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2008,30(3):36-39.尼玛扎西,禹代林,边巴,等.燕麦在西藏畜牧业生产中的地位与作用.西藏农业科技,2008,30(3):36-39.
[12] Fu G,Shen Z X,Zhong Z M.Initial response of normalized difference vegetation index,green normalized difference vegetation index and soil adjusted vegetation index to infrared warming in highland barley of the Tibet.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(3):365-371.付刚,沈振西,钟志明.西藏高原青稞三种植被指数对红外增温的初始响应.生态环境学报,2015,24(3):365-371.
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[15] Deng J L.Grey control system.Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,1982,10(3):9-18.邓聚龙.灰色控制系统.华中工学院学报,1982,10(3):9-18.
[16] Hou J J,Zhao G Q,Jiao T,et al.Evaluation on adaptability of six Avena varieties in Xiahe County,Gansu Province.Grassland and Turf,2013,33(2):26-32.侯建杰,赵桂琴,焦婷,等.6个燕麦品种(系)在甘肃夏河地区的适应性评价.草原与草坪,2013,33(2):26-32.
[17] Jing M L,Ma Y S,Li S X,et al.Introduction experiment on eight kinds of oats in Qilian Mountain area.Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,2015,45(5):13-14.景美玲,马玉寿,李世雄,等.8种燕麦在祁连山区的引种试验.青海畜牧兽医杂志,2015,45(5):13-14.
[18] Yang H L,Xu C L,Yu X J,et al.Comparative study on the performance of 14 oat (Avena sativa) germplasm in Huangcheng Town of Sunan County,Gansu Province.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(1):129-135.杨海磊,徐长林,鱼小军,等.14份燕麦种质在肃南皇城镇的生产性能比较.草业科学,2016,33(1):129-135.
[19] Ma L,Zhou Q P,Yan H B,et al.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and super absorbent polymers on yield of Avena sativa cv.Qingyan No.1.Pratacultural Science,2014,31(10):1929-1934.马力,周青平,颜红波,等.氮肥与保水剂配施对青燕1号燕麦产量的影响.草业科学,2014,31(10):1929-1934.
[20] Gao Y M,Sa R N,Sun L L,et al.Preliminary study on introduction experiment of oats in Tongliao,Inner Mongolia.Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2017,38(5):32-35.高亚敏,萨日娜,孙琳丽,等.内蒙古通辽地区燕麦引种试验初步研究.畜牧与饲料科学,2017,38(5):32-35.
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