中国磷矿资源分布及其成矿特征研究进展
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摘要
磷矿是一种重要的不可再生资源,已被列入我国战略性矿产目录,对国民经济和人类生存具有举足轻重的作用。虽然我国磷矿资源储量丰富,但区域分布和产量极不均衡,优质磷矿石消耗严重。为此,本文简要概述了我国磷矿资源的利用现状与区域分布特征,重点总结了磷矿床的主要类型、地质成因与矿物组成等方面的最新研究进展。研究表明,我国磷矿资源储量和P2O5含量高于30%的优质富矿集中在云、贵、鄂、川、湘等南方五省。海相沉积型磷矿床是我国磷矿最主要的地质成因,其中早震旦世—早寒武世磷块岩约占磷矿总储量的80%以上。目前磷矿资源耗竭与供给危机凸显,亟需深化成矿机制的科学研究,加大资源找矿和勘探力度,进一步提高对中低品位磷矿资源的开发利用程度,以保障我国磷矿产业的可持续发展。
As an important non-renewable resource, the phosphorous deposit has been listed as a national strategic mineral resource and plays a vital role in the national economy and survival of mankind. Although phosphate mineral resources are abundant in China, but the regional distribution and production are extremely uneven, especially the high-quality phosphate ores are seriously consumed in China. Consequently, the present utilization status and regional distribution characteristics of phosphorous resources in China have been briefly elaborated in this study. As well, the latest progresses of researches on the main ore types, geological genesis and mineral composition of the phosphorous deposits have been summarized. The research shows that China's phosphate resources and almost all of the rich ore deposits with P2O5 grade of ores higher than 30% are concentrated in five provinces including Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, and Hunan provinces in southern China. Marine sedimentary phosphorous deposit is the most important genetic type of deposits. Especially, the early Sinian and early Cambrian phosphorite ores account for over 80% of the total phosphorous resources/reserves in China. However, the crisis of depletion and the remaining supply of phosphate resources is highlighted at present. It is urgent to deepen the scientific research on the metallogenic mechanism, to intensify resource prospecting and exploration efforts, to further improve methods for the development and utilization of medium-and low-grade phosphate resources, in order to ensure the sustainable development of the phosphate industry in China.
As an important non-renewable resource, the phosphorous deposit has been listed as a national strategic mineral resource and plays a vital role in the national economy and survival of mankind. Although phosphate mineral resources are abundant in China, but the regional distribution and production are extremely uneven, especially the high-quality phosphate ores are seriously consumed in China. Consequently, the present utilization status and regional distribution characteristics of phosphorous resources in China have been briefly elaborated in this study. As well, the latest progresses of researches on the main ore types, geological genesis and mineral composition of the phosphorous deposits have been summarized. The research shows that China's phosphate resources and almost all of the rich ore deposits with P2O5 grade of ores higher than 30% are concentrated in five provinces including Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, and Hunan provinces in southern China. Marine sedimentary phosphorous deposit is the most important genetic type of deposits. Especially, the early Sinian and early Cambrian phosphorite ores account for over 80% of the total phosphorous resources/reserves in China. However, the crisis of depletion and the remaining supply of phosphate resources is highlighted at present. It is urgent to deepen the scientific research on the metallogenic mechanism, to intensify resource prospecting and exploration efforts, to further improve methods for the development and utilization of medium-and low-grade phosphate resources, in order to ensure the sustainable development of the phosphate industry in China.
引文
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[12]密文天,林丽,马叶情,等.贵州瓮安陡山沱组含磷岩系沉积序列及磷块岩的形成[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2010,30(3):46-52.
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[22]陈文林,李连松,周湘志.青海平安上庄磷矿床地质特征及成因探讨[J].四川地质学报,2007(4):269-273.
[23]东野脉兴,郑文忠.河北省阳原-怀来地区岩浆岩型磷矿成矿预测[J].化工地质,1991(4):7-13+43.
[24]夏学惠.华北地台北缘绿岩带型铁磷矿床地球化学特征[A].中国矿物岩石地球化学学会第13届学术年会论文集[C].广州:中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,2011:245-246.
[25]杨俊敏.白庙湾地区“红安群”沉积变质型磷矿找矿研究[J].资源环境与工程,2015,29(4):391-395.
[26]黄芳,刘世荣,王华,等.高镁磷尾矿的矿石结构与矿物组成[J].矿物学报,2010,30(1):130-135.
[27]叶德书,赵爽,陈海,等.贵州省瓮福磷矿沉积环境及矿床成因探讨[J].矿产与地质,2014,28(4):422-430.
[28]金绍祥,杨涛,杨正良.高镁磷尾矿中钙、镁、磷赋存状态研究[J].中国无机分析化学,2012,2(1):37-42+50.
[29]陈其英,陈孟莪,李菊英.沉积磷灰石形成中的生物有机质因素[J].地质科学,2000,35(3):316-324.
[30]刘世荣,胡瑞忠,周国富,等.织金新华磷矿碎屑磷灰石的矿物成分研究[J].矿物学报,2008,28(3):244-250.
[31]解启来,陈多福,漆亮,等.贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩的稀土元素地球化学特征与沉积古环境[J].矿物学报,2003,23(4):289-295.
[32]罗迪柯.湖北荆襄磷矿地球化学特征及其矿床成因研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011.
[33]魏鹏.我国磷矿分布特点及主要开采技术[J].武汉工程大学学报,2011,33(2):108-110.
[34]韩岭,罗雪,龚智愚,等.鄂西北地区邓家崖矿区震旦系灯影组磷矿地质特征及矿床成因探讨[J].资源环境与工程,2013,27(5):625-630.
[35]高俊彩,荣惠峰,徐剑波,等.昆明市东川区绿茂乡麻栗坪磷矿地质特征及成因分析[J].昆明理工大学学报(理工版),2008(4):12-17+33.
[36]陈文林,李连松,周湘志.青海平安上庄磷矿床地质特征及成因探讨[J].四川地质学报,2007(4):269-273.
[37]江新华,邓小林,金涛,等.卡哈洛磷矿矿石特征及其成因分析[J].化工矿产地质,2009,31(4):201-206.
[38]王政.马边磷矿资源及开发利用研究[J].化工矿产地质,2015,37(1):55-60.
[39]刘洁,温汉捷,刘世荣,等.贵州织金磷块岩结构及其沉积环境[J].矿物学报,2016,36(2):253-259.
[2]Koppelaar RHEM,Weikard HP.Assessing phosphate rock depletion and phosphorus recycling options[J].Global Environmental Change,2013,23(6):1454-1466.
[3]张亮,杨卉芃,冯安生,等.全球磷矿资源开发利用现状及市场分析[J].矿产保护与利用,2017,(5):105-112.
[4]Gerald Steiner,Bernhard Geissler,Ingrid Watson,et al.Efficiency developments in phosphate rock mining over the last three decades[J].Resources,Conservation&Recycling,2015,105:235-245.
[5]鲍荣华,姜雅.2015年世界磷矿资源现状及开发利用[J].磷肥与复肥,2017,32(4):1-4.
[6]夏学惠,郝尔宏.中国磷矿床成因分类[J].化工矿产地质,2012,34(1):1-14.
[7]程国繁,何英.贵州册亨板其风化型磷矿矿床特征及成因浅析[J].矿物学报,2015,35(S1):196-197.
[8]夏学惠,袁俊宏,杜家海,等.中国沉积磷矿床分布特征及资源潜力[J].武汉工程大学学报,2011,33(2):6-11.
[9]东野脉兴.海相磷块岩成因理论的沿革与发展趋势[J].化工地质,1992,14(3):3-7.
[10]SHE Z,STROTHER P,MCMAHON G,et al.Terminal proterozoic cyanobacterial blooms and phosphogenesis documented by the doushantuo granular phosphorites i:in situ micro-analysis of textures and composition[J].Precambrian Res,2013,235:20-35.
[11]叶琴,童金南,安志辉,等.湖北宜昌樟村坪埃迪卡拉纪陡山沱组磷酸盐化微体化石组合[J].古生物学报,2015,54(1):43-65.
[12]密文天,林丽,马叶情,等.贵州瓮安陡山沱组含磷岩系沉积序列及磷块岩的形成[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2010,30(3):46-52.
[13]杨海英,肖加飞,李艳桃,等.黔中地区陡山沱期开阳、瓮安磷矿区成矿作用研究现状探讨[J].地质找矿论丛,2017,32(4):551-561.
[14]王泽鹏,张亚冠,杜远生,等.黔中开阳磷矿沉积区震旦纪陡山沱期定量岩相古地理重建[J].古地理学报,2016,18(3):399-410.
[15]刘宝珺,许效松,罗安屏,等.中国扬子地台西缘寒武纪风暴事件与磷矿沉积[J].沉积学报,1987,5(3):28-39+186.
[16]罗惠麟,蒋志文,何廷贵.川滇地区震旦系-寒武系界线[J].地质科学,1982(2):215-219.
[17]周建平.昆明晋宁王家湾磷矿矿石组份再研究[J].云南地质,2011,30(1):92-94+91.
[18]张苏江,易锦俊,孔令湖,等.中国磷矿资源现状及磷矿国家级实物地质资料筛选[J].无机盐工业,2016,48(2):1-5+17.
[19]田升平.中国磷矿基本特征及分布规律[J].化工矿产地质,2000,22(1):11-16.
[20]张朝举.贵州开阳磷矿北西部磷矿床地质特征及沉积序列研究[J].化工矿产地质,2017,39(3):145-150.
[21]薛天星,熊先孝,田升平.中国磷矿主要矿集区及其资源潜力探讨[J].化工矿产地质,2011,33(1):9-20.
[22]陈文林,李连松,周湘志.青海平安上庄磷矿床地质特征及成因探讨[J].四川地质学报,2007(4):269-273.
[23]东野脉兴,郑文忠.河北省阳原-怀来地区岩浆岩型磷矿成矿预测[J].化工地质,1991(4):7-13+43.
[24]夏学惠.华北地台北缘绿岩带型铁磷矿床地球化学特征[A].中国矿物岩石地球化学学会第13届学术年会论文集[C].广州:中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,2011:245-246.
[25]杨俊敏.白庙湾地区“红安群”沉积变质型磷矿找矿研究[J].资源环境与工程,2015,29(4):391-395.
[26]黄芳,刘世荣,王华,等.高镁磷尾矿的矿石结构与矿物组成[J].矿物学报,2010,30(1):130-135.
[27]叶德书,赵爽,陈海,等.贵州省瓮福磷矿沉积环境及矿床成因探讨[J].矿产与地质,2014,28(4):422-430.
[28]金绍祥,杨涛,杨正良.高镁磷尾矿中钙、镁、磷赋存状态研究[J].中国无机分析化学,2012,2(1):37-42+50.
[29]陈其英,陈孟莪,李菊英.沉积磷灰石形成中的生物有机质因素[J].地质科学,2000,35(3):316-324.
[30]刘世荣,胡瑞忠,周国富,等.织金新华磷矿碎屑磷灰石的矿物成分研究[J].矿物学报,2008,28(3):244-250.
[31]解启来,陈多福,漆亮,等.贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩的稀土元素地球化学特征与沉积古环境[J].矿物学报,2003,23(4):289-295.
[32]罗迪柯.湖北荆襄磷矿地球化学特征及其矿床成因研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011.
[33]魏鹏.我国磷矿分布特点及主要开采技术[J].武汉工程大学学报,2011,33(2):108-110.
[34]韩岭,罗雪,龚智愚,等.鄂西北地区邓家崖矿区震旦系灯影组磷矿地质特征及矿床成因探讨[J].资源环境与工程,2013,27(5):625-630.
[35]高俊彩,荣惠峰,徐剑波,等.昆明市东川区绿茂乡麻栗坪磷矿地质特征及成因分析[J].昆明理工大学学报(理工版),2008(4):12-17+33.
[36]陈文林,李连松,周湘志.青海平安上庄磷矿床地质特征及成因探讨[J].四川地质学报,2007(4):269-273.
[37]江新华,邓小林,金涛,等.卡哈洛磷矿矿石特征及其成因分析[J].化工矿产地质,2009,31(4):201-206.
[38]王政.马边磷矿资源及开发利用研究[J].化工矿产地质,2015,37(1):55-60.
[39]刘洁,温汉捷,刘世荣,等.贵州织金磷块岩结构及其沉积环境[J].矿物学报,2016,36(2):253-259.