临沂市城市绿地生态系统的环境净化服务价值
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摘要
在统计城市绿地面积基础上,利用碳税法、替代费用法、影子项目法、造林成本法等方法计算了2001—2010年各年度临沂市城市绿地生态系统的环境净化服务价值。结果表明,2001—2010年临沂市城市绿地的环境净化服务价值由22.8×106元增至183.8×106元,10年间临沂市城市绿地的环境净化服务总价值增加了161×106元,平均年增长率为70%。在临沂市城市绿地生态系统环境净化服务总价值构成中,其固碳释氧服务价值、吸收NOX服务价值所占比重较大。城市绿地的固碳释氧服务具有地域空间的可转移性,可以由城市以外的自然生态系统补偿,而其吸收有害气体、滞尘与减弱噪声服务则不具有地域空间的可转移性,这些生态系统服务更加重要。加强城市绿地建设、提高城市绿化水平是改善临沂市城市生态环境和提高城市居民生活质量的有效措施。
Using carbon tax method,displacement cost method,shadow project method and afforestation cost method,the areas and the purification service value of urban green spaces in Linyi City were calculated from 2001 to 2010.The calculation results indicated that the yearly total purification service value of urban green space in Linyi City had increased dramatically from 22.8×106 yuan RMB to 183.8×106 yuan RMB from 2001 to 2010.There were a net increase of 161×106 yuan RMB and a 70% average yearly net increase rate of total purification service value in the same period.In the total purification service value of urban green space,the service value of carbon fixation and oxygen release,and the service value of absorbing NOX accounted most of all.The carbon fixation and oxygen release service of urban green space could be transferred to different areas,while the service of absorbing harmful gas,dust and reducing noise could not be transferred to different areas.However,these ecosystem services were more important.To strengthen the construction of urban green space and raise urban green coverage rate were effective measures of improving the urban environment quality and the living standard of urban risidents of Linyi City.
Using carbon tax method,displacement cost method,shadow project method and afforestation cost method,the areas and the purification service value of urban green spaces in Linyi City were calculated from 2001 to 2010.The calculation results indicated that the yearly total purification service value of urban green space in Linyi City had increased dramatically from 22.8×106 yuan RMB to 183.8×106 yuan RMB from 2001 to 2010.There were a net increase of 161×106 yuan RMB and a 70% average yearly net increase rate of total purification service value in the same period.In the total purification service value of urban green space,the service value of carbon fixation and oxygen release,and the service value of absorbing NOX accounted most of all.The carbon fixation and oxygen release service of urban green space could be transferred to different areas,while the service of absorbing harmful gas,dust and reducing noise could not be transferred to different areas.However,these ecosystem services were more important.To strengthen the construction of urban green space and raise urban green coverage rate were effective measures of improving the urban environment quality and the living standard of urban risidents of Linyi City.
引文
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[2]欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步探究[J].生态学报,1999,19(5):607-613.
[3]陈仲新,张新时.中国生态系统效益的价值[J].科学通报,2000,45(1):17-22.
[4]肖寒,欧阳志云,赵景柱,等.海南岛生态系统土壤保持空间分布特征及生态经济价值的经济价值[J].生态学报,2000,20(2):552-558.
[5]赵军,杨凯.生态系统服务价值评估研究进展[J].生态学报,2007,27(1):601-615.
[6]安成谋,王希来.中国经济地理[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,1992:542-560.
[7]张绪良,徐宗辉,张朝晖,等.青岛市城市绿地生态系统的环境净化服务价值[J].生态学报,2011,31(9):2576-2584.
[8]欧阳志云,王如松,赵景柱.生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值评价[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(5):635-640.
[9]宋国宝,潘耀忠,张树深,等.北京市植被净生产力遥感测量与分析[J].资源科学,2009,31(9):18-27.
[10]韩美,张晓慧.黄河三角洲湿地主导生态服务功能价值估算[J].中国人口资源与环境,2009,19(6):37-43.
[11]彭建,王仰麟,陈燕飞.城市生态系统服务功能价值评估初探—以深圳为例[J].北京大学学报,2005,41(4):594-604.
[12]邹晓东.城市绿地系统的空气净化效应[D].上海交通大学,2000.
[13]王晓红,武文斌.刍议对城市景观绿地规划的几点认识[J].农村实用科技信息,2010,6(5):70.