RPS与偏差电量考核下考虑微电网群的售电公司盈利模型
|
摘要
可再生能源配额制(renewable portfolio standard,RPS)和偏差电量考核机制是近几年推出的2项重要电改政策,使售电公司面临着双重考核压力。为量化分析RPS和偏差电量考核对售电公司的影响,综合考虑可再生能源配额制与偏差电量考核机制,以售电公司利润最优为目标,构建了2种售电公司盈利模型,即售电公司独自经营盈利模型和售电公司与微电网群代理商合作的盈利模型。售电公司与微电网群代理商合作的盈利模型的提出是为降低RPS考核成本,减少偏差电量以及兼顾微电网群绿色环保、灵活可控等优点。文章利用广东省实际交易数据对比分析了售电公司在2种盈利模型下的最优利润。分析结果表明,售电公司与微电网群代理商合作,降低了RPS与偏差电量考核成本,提高了整体利润,基于夏普利(Shapley)值分配方法,售电公司与微电网群代理商的盈利均能达到最大,为售电公司的最优经营策略。
Renewable portfolio standards( RPS) and energy deviation penalty mechanism are 2 major power reform policies introduced in recent years, which have caused the pow er retailer to face double assessment pressure. To quantitatively analyze the impact of RPS and energy deviation penalty on pow er retailer,2 profit models are constructed with the aim of optimal profit,comprehensively considering renew able portfolio standards and energy deviation penalty. One is that the profit model of pow er retailer operates independently,and the other is that the profit model of pow er retailer and the microgrid group agent alliance cooperate,considering the advantages of green,environmental protection,flexibility and controllability of microgrid group. Using the actual transaction data of Guangdong province,the optimal profit under the 2 business models of the pow er retailer are compared and analyzed. The analysis results show that the cooperation of pow er retailer and the microgrid group agent can reduce the cost due to assessment follow ing RPS and energy deviation penalty,and can increase the revenue. Adopting the Shapley value distribution method,pow er retailer and microgrid group agents can achieve the maximum profit,which is the optimal business strategy for pow er retailer recommended in this paper.
Renewable portfolio standards( RPS) and energy deviation penalty mechanism are 2 major power reform policies introduced in recent years, which have caused the pow er retailer to face double assessment pressure. To quantitatively analyze the impact of RPS and energy deviation penalty on pow er retailer,2 profit models are constructed with the aim of optimal profit,comprehensively considering renew able portfolio standards and energy deviation penalty. One is that the profit model of pow er retailer operates independently,and the other is that the profit model of pow er retailer and the microgrid group agent alliance cooperate,considering the advantages of green,environmental protection,flexibility and controllability of microgrid group. Using the actual transaction data of Guangdong province,the optimal profit under the 2 business models of the pow er retailer are compared and analyzed. The analysis results show that the cooperation of pow er retailer and the microgrid group agent can reduce the cost due to assessment follow ing RPS and energy deviation penalty,and can increase the revenue. Adopting the Shapley value distribution method,pow er retailer and microgrid group agents can achieve the maximum profit,which is the optimal business strategy for pow er retailer recommended in this paper.
引文
[1]国家能源局综合司.关于征求《可在生能源电力配额及考核办法(征求意见稿)》意见的函[R].北京:国家能源局综合司,2018.
[2]罗琴,宋依群.售电市场环境下计及可中断负荷的营销策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(17):134-139.LUO Qin,SONG Yiqun. M arketing strategy in competitive retail market considering interruptible load[J]. Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2015,39(17):134-139.
[3]任艺,周明,李庚银,等.考虑用户需求响应的售电公司购售电决策双层模型[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(14):30-36.REN Yi,ZHOU M ing, LI Gengyin,et al. Bi-level model of electricity procurement and sale strategies for electricity retailers considering users’ demand response[J]. Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(14):30-36.
[4]顾伟,任佳依,高君,等.含分布式电源和可调负荷的售电公司优化调度模型[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(14):37-44.GU Wei,REN Jiayi,GAO Jun,et al. Optimal dispatching model of electricity retailers considering distributed generator and adjustable load[J]. Automation of Electric Pow er Systems. 2017,41(14):37-44.
[5]杨阳方,刘继春.计及电量互保策略的售电公司两阶段日前决策方法[J].电力系统自动,2017,41(24):120-128.YANG Yangfang,LIU Jichun. Tw o-stage decision-making method of retailers considering the pow er transfer strategy[J]. Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(24):120-128.
[6] HATAMI A R,SEIFI H,SHEIKH-EL-ESLAMI M K. Strategic evaluation of bilateral contract for a retailer in an electricity market[J]. Electric Power Systems Research,2009,79(1):246-254.
[7]杨萌,艾欣,唐亮,等.计及风险规避的售电公司平衡市场优化交易策略研究[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(1):88-97.YANG M eng,AI Xin,TANG Liang,et al. Optimal trading strategy in balancing market for electricity retailer considering risk aversion[J]. Power System Technology,2018,42(1):88-97.
[8] MAHDI N,ASGHAR A F. Optimal strategy planning for a retailer considering medium and short-term decisions[J]. International Journal of Electrical Pow er&Energy Systems,2013,45(1):107-116.
[9]郭曼兰,陈皓勇,张聪,等.偏差电量考核机制下售电公司的最优经营策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(20):17-25.GUO M anlan, CHEN Haoyong,ZHANG Cong, et al. Optimal marketing strategy of retailers under energy deviation penalty[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(20):17-25.
[10]张晨.售电放开政策下电力交易多方主体利益分析模型研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2016.ZHANG Chen. Benefit equilibrium model of multi-stakeholders in an open retail market[D]. Beijing:North China Electric Pow er University(beijing),2016.
[11]张晨,韩新阳,白翠粉,等.基于合作博弈的电力市场模式下售电商购电策略模型[J].中国电力,2017,50(6):177-184.ZHANG Chen,HAN Xinyang,BAI Cuifen,et al. Purchasing strategy model for pow er supplier based on the cooperative game theory in an open electricity market[J]. Electric Pow er,2017,50(6):177-184.
[12]国家发展改革委员会.关于推进售电侧改革的实施意见[R].北京:国家发展改革委员会,2015.
[13]张弛,陈晓科,徐晓刚,等.基于电力市场改革的微电网经营模式[J].电力建设,2015,36(11):154-159.ZHANG Chi. CHENG Xiaoke,XU Xiaogang,et al. M icrogrid operation mode based on electricity market reform[J]. Electric Pow er Construction,2015,36(11):154-159.
[14]甘宇翔,蒋传文,白宏坤,等.市场环境下园区售电商的最优报价和运行优化[J].电网技术,2018,42(3):707-714.GAN Yuxiang,JIANG Chuanw en,BAI Hongkun,et al. Optimal bidding strategy and operation of industrial park electricity retailer in electricity market[J]. Pow er System Technology,2018,42(3):707-714.
[15]葛军凯,李题印,孙可,等.多元化售电主体并存下微电网的竞价策略研究[J].现代电力,2017,34(6):16-21.GE Junkai,LI Tiyin,SUN Ke,et al. Research on bidding strategy for microgrid under diversified electric utilities[J]. M odern Electric Pow er,2017,34(6):16-21.
[16]刘敦楠,徐尔丰,许小峰,等.面向园区微网的“源–网–荷–储”一体化运营模式[J].电网技术,2018,42(3):681-689.LIU Dunnan,XU Erfeng,XU Xiaofeng,et al. Source-netw orkload-storage”integrated operation model for microgrid in park[J].Pow er System Technology 2018,42(3):681-689.
[17]刘一欣,郭力,王成山,等.多微电网参与下的配电侧电力市场竞价博弈方法[J].电网技术,2017,41(8):2469-2476.LIU Yixin,GUO Li,WANG Chengshan,et al. Optimal bidding strategy for microgrids in electricity distribution market[J]. Pow er System Technology 2017,41(8):2469-2476.
[18]国家能源局.关于建立可再生能源开发利用目标引导制度的指导意见[R].北京:国家能源局,2016.
[19]赵盛楠,王蓓蓓,李扬,等.基于系统动力学的分布式可再生能源激励机制分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(24):97-104,128.ZHAO Shengnan,Wang Beibei,LI Yang,et al. System dynamics based analysis on incentive mechanism of distributed renew able energy resource[J]. Automation of Electric Pow er Systems. 2017,41(24):97-104,128.
[2]罗琴,宋依群.售电市场环境下计及可中断负荷的营销策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(17):134-139.LUO Qin,SONG Yiqun. M arketing strategy in competitive retail market considering interruptible load[J]. Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2015,39(17):134-139.
[3]任艺,周明,李庚银,等.考虑用户需求响应的售电公司购售电决策双层模型[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(14):30-36.REN Yi,ZHOU M ing, LI Gengyin,et al. Bi-level model of electricity procurement and sale strategies for electricity retailers considering users’ demand response[J]. Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(14):30-36.
[4]顾伟,任佳依,高君,等.含分布式电源和可调负荷的售电公司优化调度模型[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(14):37-44.GU Wei,REN Jiayi,GAO Jun,et al. Optimal dispatching model of electricity retailers considering distributed generator and adjustable load[J]. Automation of Electric Pow er Systems. 2017,41(14):37-44.
[5]杨阳方,刘继春.计及电量互保策略的售电公司两阶段日前决策方法[J].电力系统自动,2017,41(24):120-128.YANG Yangfang,LIU Jichun. Tw o-stage decision-making method of retailers considering the pow er transfer strategy[J]. Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(24):120-128.
[6] HATAMI A R,SEIFI H,SHEIKH-EL-ESLAMI M K. Strategic evaluation of bilateral contract for a retailer in an electricity market[J]. Electric Power Systems Research,2009,79(1):246-254.
[7]杨萌,艾欣,唐亮,等.计及风险规避的售电公司平衡市场优化交易策略研究[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(1):88-97.YANG M eng,AI Xin,TANG Liang,et al. Optimal trading strategy in balancing market for electricity retailer considering risk aversion[J]. Power System Technology,2018,42(1):88-97.
[8] MAHDI N,ASGHAR A F. Optimal strategy planning for a retailer considering medium and short-term decisions[J]. International Journal of Electrical Pow er&Energy Systems,2013,45(1):107-116.
[9]郭曼兰,陈皓勇,张聪,等.偏差电量考核机制下售电公司的最优经营策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(20):17-25.GUO M anlan, CHEN Haoyong,ZHANG Cong, et al. Optimal marketing strategy of retailers under energy deviation penalty[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(20):17-25.
[10]张晨.售电放开政策下电力交易多方主体利益分析模型研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2016.ZHANG Chen. Benefit equilibrium model of multi-stakeholders in an open retail market[D]. Beijing:North China Electric Pow er University(beijing),2016.
[11]张晨,韩新阳,白翠粉,等.基于合作博弈的电力市场模式下售电商购电策略模型[J].中国电力,2017,50(6):177-184.ZHANG Chen,HAN Xinyang,BAI Cuifen,et al. Purchasing strategy model for pow er supplier based on the cooperative game theory in an open electricity market[J]. Electric Pow er,2017,50(6):177-184.
[12]国家发展改革委员会.关于推进售电侧改革的实施意见[R].北京:国家发展改革委员会,2015.
[13]张弛,陈晓科,徐晓刚,等.基于电力市场改革的微电网经营模式[J].电力建设,2015,36(11):154-159.ZHANG Chi. CHENG Xiaoke,XU Xiaogang,et al. M icrogrid operation mode based on electricity market reform[J]. Electric Pow er Construction,2015,36(11):154-159.
[14]甘宇翔,蒋传文,白宏坤,等.市场环境下园区售电商的最优报价和运行优化[J].电网技术,2018,42(3):707-714.GAN Yuxiang,JIANG Chuanw en,BAI Hongkun,et al. Optimal bidding strategy and operation of industrial park electricity retailer in electricity market[J]. Pow er System Technology,2018,42(3):707-714.
[15]葛军凯,李题印,孙可,等.多元化售电主体并存下微电网的竞价策略研究[J].现代电力,2017,34(6):16-21.GE Junkai,LI Tiyin,SUN Ke,et al. Research on bidding strategy for microgrid under diversified electric utilities[J]. M odern Electric Pow er,2017,34(6):16-21.
[16]刘敦楠,徐尔丰,许小峰,等.面向园区微网的“源–网–荷–储”一体化运营模式[J].电网技术,2018,42(3):681-689.LIU Dunnan,XU Erfeng,XU Xiaofeng,et al. Source-netw orkload-storage”integrated operation model for microgrid in park[J].Pow er System Technology 2018,42(3):681-689.
[17]刘一欣,郭力,王成山,等.多微电网参与下的配电侧电力市场竞价博弈方法[J].电网技术,2017,41(8):2469-2476.LIU Yixin,GUO Li,WANG Chengshan,et al. Optimal bidding strategy for microgrids in electricity distribution market[J]. Pow er System Technology 2017,41(8):2469-2476.
[18]国家能源局.关于建立可再生能源开发利用目标引导制度的指导意见[R].北京:国家能源局,2016.
[19]赵盛楠,王蓓蓓,李扬,等.基于系统动力学的分布式可再生能源激励机制分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(24):97-104,128.ZHAO Shengnan,Wang Beibei,LI Yang,et al. System dynamics based analysis on incentive mechanism of distributed renew able energy resource[J]. Automation of Electric Pow er Systems. 2017,41(24):97-104,128.