锌指转录因子SNAIL调控和功能
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摘要
肿瘤是威胁人类生命的重大疾病之一,随着研究的深入,snail已经成为肿瘤研究中的重要一环。锌指转录因子snail参与并调节原肠细胞发展迁移,神经崎的转移和个体胚胎发育过程中神经合成。后研究表明,snail在上皮间质转化中起着关键的诱导作用,并且对各种肿瘤的分级、复发、转移以及肿瘤不良后果呈正相关。同时,snail还参与肿瘤细胞发展的重要过程,包括,肿瘤干性细胞特性的产生和维持,细胞增值,细胞凋亡和免疫调节。因此,了解snail在肿瘤中表达和细胞机制是极其重要的。Snail的调控受到肿瘤坏境中各种信号分子的影响,snail在转录水平上的调节,以及snail蛋白翻译出核后,磷酸化、泛素化等都会影响snail的稳定性和活性。
Tumor is one of the major diseases that threaten human life.. With the deepening of research, snail has become an important part of cancer research. The zinc finger transcription factor snail participates in and regulates the development of migration of primitive intestinal cells, neuronal transfer and neural synthesis during individual embryo development. Later studies have shown that snail plays a key role in the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and is positively correlated with the classification, recurrence, metastasis and adverse effects of various tumors. At the same time, snail is also involved in the important process of tumor cell development, including the production and maintenance of tumor stem cell characteristics, cell proliferation, apoptosis and immune regulation. Therefore, understanding the expression and cellular mechanisms of snail in tumors is extremely important. The regulation of Snail is affected by various signaling molecules in the tumor environment. The regulation of snail at the transcriptional level and the translation of the snail protein into the nucleus, phosphorylation and ubiquitination all affect the stability and activity of snail.
Tumor is one of the major diseases that threaten human life.. With the deepening of research, snail has become an important part of cancer research. The zinc finger transcription factor snail participates in and regulates the development of migration of primitive intestinal cells, neuronal transfer and neural synthesis during individual embryo development. Later studies have shown that snail plays a key role in the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and is positively correlated with the classification, recurrence, metastasis and adverse effects of various tumors. At the same time, snail is also involved in the important process of tumor cell development, including the production and maintenance of tumor stem cell characteristics, cell proliferation, apoptosis and immune regulation. Therefore, understanding the expression and cellular mechanisms of snail in tumors is extremely important. The regulation of Snail is affected by various signaling molecules in the tumor environment. The regulation of snail at the transcriptional level and the translation of the snail protein into the nucleus, phosphorylation and ubiquitination all affect the stability and activity of snail.
引文
[1] Ye X, Tam W L, Shibue T, et al. Distinct EMT programs control normal mammary stem cells and tumour-initiating cells[J].Nature,2015,525(7568):256-260.
[2] Inoue H, Takahashi H, Hashimura M, et al. Cooperation of Sox4 with?2-catenin/p300 complex in transcriptional regulation of the Slug gene during divergent sarcomatous differentiation in uterine carcinosarcoma[J]. Bmc Cancer,2016,16(1):53.
[3] Hwang W L, Yang M H, Tsai M L, et al. SNAIL regulates interleukin-8expression, stem cell-like activity, and tumorigenicity of human colorectal carcinoma cells[J]. Gastroenterology,2011,141(1):279-291.
[4] Lin C W, Wang L K, Wang S P, et al. Daxx inhibits hypoxia-induced lung cancer cell metastasis by suppressing the HIF-1α/HDAC1/Slug axis[J].Nature Communications,2016,7:13867.
[5] Beck B, Lapouge G, Rorive S, et al. Different levels of twist1 regulate skin tumor initiation, stemness, and progression[J]. Cell Stem Cell,2015,16(1):67-79.
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[11] Gu A, Jie Y, Yao Q, et al. Slug Is Associated With Tumor Metastasis and Angiogenesis in Ovarian Cancer[J]. Reproductive Sciences,2017,24(2):291-299.
[12] Irfana Muqbil, Jack Wu1, Amro Aboukameel1, et al. Snail nuclear transport:the gateways regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition?[J].Semin Cancer Biol,2014,27:39-45.
[13] Zhou B P, Ying X, Chai K, et al. The Role of Snail in EMT and Tumorigenesis[J]. Curr Cancer Drug Targets,2013,13(9):963-972.
[14] Zheng M, Jiang Y, Chen W, et al. Snail and Slug collaborate on EMT and tumor metastasis through miR-101-mediated EZH2 axis in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma[J]. International Journal of Oral&Maxillofacial Surgery,2015,44(9):e235-e235.
[15] Zhou B P, Dong C, Lin Y. Epigenetic Regulation of EMT:The Snail Story[J]. Curr Pharm Des,2014,20(11):1698-1705.
[16] Henrieta?kovierov??, Ter???zia Okaj?ekov??, J???n Strn???del,et al. Molecular regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in tumorigenesis(Review):[J]. International Journal of Molecular Medicine,2018,41(3):1187-1200.
[17] Ota I, Li X Y, Hu Y, et al. Induction of a MT1-MMP and MT2-MMPdependent basement membrane transmigration program in cancer cells by Snail1[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2009,106(48):20318.
[18] Wu Y, Deng J, Rychahou P G, et al. Stabilization of Snail by NF-κB Is Required for Inflammation-Induced Cell Migration and Invasion[J]. Cancer Cell,2009,15(5):416-428.
[19] Stanisavljevic J, Portadelariva M, Batlle R, et al. The p65 subunit of NF-κB and PARP1 assist Snail1 in activating fibronectin transcription[J]. Journal of Cell Science,2011,124(Pt 24):4161.
[20] Shields M A, Dangigarimella S, Krantz S B, et al. Pancreatic Cancer Cells Respond to Type I Collagen by Inducing Snail Expression to Promote Membrane Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase-dependent Collagen Invasion[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2011,286(12):10495-10504.
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[23] Haslehurst A M, Madhuri K, Moyez D, et al. EMT transcription factors snail and slug directly contribute to cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer[J]. Bmc Cancer,2012,12(1):91.
[24] Yin T, Wang C, Liu T, et al. Expression of snail in pancreatic cancer promotes metastasis and chemoresistance[J]. Journal of Surgical Research,2007,141(2):196-203.
[25] Chen Z, Li S, Huang K, et al. The nuclear protein expression levels of SNAI1and ZEB1 are involved in the progression and lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway[J]. Human Pathology,2013,44(10):2097.
[26] Kajita M, Mcclinic K N, Wade P A. Aberrant Expression of the Transcription Factors Snail and Slug Alters the Response to Genotoxic Stress[J]. Molecular&Cellular Biology,2004,24(17):7559.
[27] Hsu D S, Lan H Y, Huang C H, et al. Regulation of excision repair crosscomplementation group 1 by Snail contributes to cisplatin resistance in head and neck cancer[J]. Clinical Cancer Research,2010,16(18):4561-4571.
[28] Cano A, Pérez-Moreno, Mirna A, et al. The transcription factor Snail controls epithelial-mesenchymal transitions by repressing E-cadherin expression[J]. Nature Cell Biology,2000,2(2):76-83.
[29]罗邦雨,熊俊.转录因子Snail与肿瘤关系的研究进展[J].癌变·畸变·突变,2012,24(5):393-396.
[30] Krebs A M, Mitschke J, Losada, et al. The EMT-activator Zeb1 is a key factor for cell plasticity and promotes metastasis in pancreatic cancer[J].Nature Cell Biology,2017,19(5):518-529.
[31] Chen, Jiandong. The Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptotic Functions of p53 in Tumor Initiation and Progression[J]. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine,2016,6(3):a026104.
[32] Pioli P D, Weis J H. Snail transcription factors in hematopoietic cell development:A model of functional redundancy[J]. Experimental Hematology,2014,42(6):425-430.
[33] Zander M A, Cancino G I, Thomas G, et al. The Snail Transcription Factor Regulates the Numbers of Neural Precursor Cells and Newborn Neurons throughout Mammalian Life[J]. PLoS ONE,2014,9(8):e104767.
[2] Inoue H, Takahashi H, Hashimura M, et al. Cooperation of Sox4 with?2-catenin/p300 complex in transcriptional regulation of the Slug gene during divergent sarcomatous differentiation in uterine carcinosarcoma[J]. Bmc Cancer,2016,16(1):53.
[3] Hwang W L, Yang M H, Tsai M L, et al. SNAIL regulates interleukin-8expression, stem cell-like activity, and tumorigenicity of human colorectal carcinoma cells[J]. Gastroenterology,2011,141(1):279-291.
[4] Lin C W, Wang L K, Wang S P, et al. Daxx inhibits hypoxia-induced lung cancer cell metastasis by suppressing the HIF-1α/HDAC1/Slug axis[J].Nature Communications,2016,7:13867.
[5] Beck B, Lapouge G, Rorive S, et al. Different levels of twist1 regulate skin tumor initiation, stemness, and progression[J]. Cell Stem Cell,2015,16(1):67-79.
[6] Ni T, Li X Y, Lu N, et al. Snail1-dependent p53 repression regulates expansion and activity of tumor-initiating cells in breast cancer[J]. Nature Cell Biology,2016,18(11):1221.
[7] Alba-Castellón L, Olivera-Salguero R, Mestre-Farrera A, et al. Snail1-dependent activation of cancer-associated fibroblast controls epithelial tumor cell invasion and metastasis[J]. Cancer Research,2016,76(21):6205.
[8] Herrera A, Herrera M, Albacastellón L, et al. Protumorigenic effects of Snailexpression fibroblasts on colon cancer cells[J]. International Journal of Cancer Journal International Du Cancer,2014,134(12):2984.
[9] Beck B, Lapouge G, Rorive S, et al. Different levels of twist1 regulate skin tumor initiation, stemness, and progression[J]. Cell Stem Cell,2015,16(1):67-79.
[10] Hsu D S, Wang H J, Tai S K, et al. Acetylation of snail modulates the cytokinome of cancer cells to enhance the recruitment of macrophages[J].Cancer Cell,2014,26(4):534.
[11] Gu A, Jie Y, Yao Q, et al. Slug Is Associated With Tumor Metastasis and Angiogenesis in Ovarian Cancer[J]. Reproductive Sciences,2017,24(2):291-299.
[12] Irfana Muqbil, Jack Wu1, Amro Aboukameel1, et al. Snail nuclear transport:the gateways regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition?[J].Semin Cancer Biol,2014,27:39-45.
[13] Zhou B P, Ying X, Chai K, et al. The Role of Snail in EMT and Tumorigenesis[J]. Curr Cancer Drug Targets,2013,13(9):963-972.
[14] Zheng M, Jiang Y, Chen W, et al. Snail and Slug collaborate on EMT and tumor metastasis through miR-101-mediated EZH2 axis in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma[J]. International Journal of Oral&Maxillofacial Surgery,2015,44(9):e235-e235.
[15] Zhou B P, Dong C, Lin Y. Epigenetic Regulation of EMT:The Snail Story[J]. Curr Pharm Des,2014,20(11):1698-1705.
[16] Henrieta?kovierov??, Ter???zia Okaj?ekov??, J???n Strn???del,et al. Molecular regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in tumorigenesis(Review):[J]. International Journal of Molecular Medicine,2018,41(3):1187-1200.
[17] Ota I, Li X Y, Hu Y, et al. Induction of a MT1-MMP and MT2-MMPdependent basement membrane transmigration program in cancer cells by Snail1[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2009,106(48):20318.
[18] Wu Y, Deng J, Rychahou P G, et al. Stabilization of Snail by NF-κB Is Required for Inflammation-Induced Cell Migration and Invasion[J]. Cancer Cell,2009,15(5):416-428.
[19] Stanisavljevic J, Portadelariva M, Batlle R, et al. The p65 subunit of NF-κB and PARP1 assist Snail1 in activating fibronectin transcription[J]. Journal of Cell Science,2011,124(Pt 24):4161.
[20] Shields M A, Dangigarimella S, Krantz S B, et al. Pancreatic Cancer Cells Respond to Type I Collagen by Inducing Snail Expression to Promote Membrane Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase-dependent Collagen Invasion[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2011,286(12):10495-10504.
[21] Zhang K, Corsa C A, Ponik S M, et al. The Collagen Receptor Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 Stabilizes Snail1 Protein to Facilitate Breast Cancer Metastasis[J]. Nature Cell Biology,2013,15(6):677-87.
[22] Stanisavljevic J, Portadelariva M, Batlle R, et al. The p65 subunit of NF-κB and PARP1 assist Snail1 in activating fibronectin transcription[J]. Journal of Cell Science,2011,124(Pt 24):4161.
[23] Haslehurst A M, Madhuri K, Moyez D, et al. EMT transcription factors snail and slug directly contribute to cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer[J]. Bmc Cancer,2012,12(1):91.
[24] Yin T, Wang C, Liu T, et al. Expression of snail in pancreatic cancer promotes metastasis and chemoresistance[J]. Journal of Surgical Research,2007,141(2):196-203.
[25] Chen Z, Li S, Huang K, et al. The nuclear protein expression levels of SNAI1and ZEB1 are involved in the progression and lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway[J]. Human Pathology,2013,44(10):2097.
[26] Kajita M, Mcclinic K N, Wade P A. Aberrant Expression of the Transcription Factors Snail and Slug Alters the Response to Genotoxic Stress[J]. Molecular&Cellular Biology,2004,24(17):7559.
[27] Hsu D S, Lan H Y, Huang C H, et al. Regulation of excision repair crosscomplementation group 1 by Snail contributes to cisplatin resistance in head and neck cancer[J]. Clinical Cancer Research,2010,16(18):4561-4571.
[28] Cano A, Pérez-Moreno, Mirna A, et al. The transcription factor Snail controls epithelial-mesenchymal transitions by repressing E-cadherin expression[J]. Nature Cell Biology,2000,2(2):76-83.
[29]罗邦雨,熊俊.转录因子Snail与肿瘤关系的研究进展[J].癌变·畸变·突变,2012,24(5):393-396.
[30] Krebs A M, Mitschke J, Losada, et al. The EMT-activator Zeb1 is a key factor for cell plasticity and promotes metastasis in pancreatic cancer[J].Nature Cell Biology,2017,19(5):518-529.
[31] Chen, Jiandong. The Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptotic Functions of p53 in Tumor Initiation and Progression[J]. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine,2016,6(3):a026104.
[32] Pioli P D, Weis J H. Snail transcription factors in hematopoietic cell development:A model of functional redundancy[J]. Experimental Hematology,2014,42(6):425-430.
[33] Zander M A, Cancino G I, Thomas G, et al. The Snail Transcription Factor Regulates the Numbers of Neural Precursor Cells and Newborn Neurons throughout Mammalian Life[J]. PLoS ONE,2014,9(8):e104767.