超大断面高天井短微差类球状药包爆破成井技术与工程实例
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摘要
高精度雷管短微差爆破是提高超大断面高天井爆破成井效率和降低爆破振动效应的有效手段。分析短微差类球状药包爆破漏斗的形成过程,理论推导深孔爆破成井同层孔间短微差延期时间和层间微差延期时间的计算公式。对短微差成井爆破的破岩效果和振动规律进行数值模拟,得到不同微差时间下天井爆破模型的有效应力峰值、有效应力作用时间和振速峰值。通过对计算结果的综合研究,确定调压井导井爆破同层孔间最佳短微差延期时间为9~11 ms。研究结果在超大断面调压竖井导井爆破中得到成功应用,现场应用结果表明:短微差类球状药包爆破解决了超大断面高天井爆破成井难题,突破了成井高度限制,同时有效降低了爆破振动破坏效应,研究结果具有广阔的推广应用前景。
Short-millisecond blasting with high-precision detonators is an effective way to improve the efficiency of excavation of ultra-large section and high shaft and to reduce the blasting vibrations. The formation process of the blasting crater due to short-millisecond spherical blasting was analyzed. The methods of calculation of the time delay of detonating between the holes of same segmentation and between the holes of adjacent segmentation in shaft excavation by deep-hole blasting were studied. An elastic calculation model was established to analyze the crashing effect of rock and the vibration in shaft excavation by deep-hole blasting under different short delay intervals. The simulated results showed that the optimum time delay of detonating between the holes in the same segmentation was 9–11 ms according to the related parameters such as the peak effective stress,the effective stress time and the peak vibration velocity. The research results of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation have been successful applied in an ultra-large section surge shaft. The bottle neck problems referring to the excavation efficiency and vibration reduction in ultra-large section and high shaft excavation have been solved.
Short-millisecond blasting with high-precision detonators is an effective way to improve the efficiency of excavation of ultra-large section and high shaft and to reduce the blasting vibrations. The formation process of the blasting crater due to short-millisecond spherical blasting was analyzed. The methods of calculation of the time delay of detonating between the holes of same segmentation and between the holes of adjacent segmentation in shaft excavation by deep-hole blasting were studied. An elastic calculation model was established to analyze the crashing effect of rock and the vibration in shaft excavation by deep-hole blasting under different short delay intervals. The simulated results showed that the optimum time delay of detonating between the holes in the same segmentation was 9–11 ms according to the related parameters such as the peak effective stress,the effective stress time and the peak vibration velocity. The research results of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation have been successful applied in an ultra-large section surge shaft. The bottle neck problems referring to the excavation efficiency and vibration reduction in ultra-large section and high shaft excavation have been solved.
引文
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[5]李金跃,李夕兵,李启月.深孔多孔球状药包爆破一次成井技术应用[J].中国安全科学学报,2012,22(11):132–137.(LI Jinyue,LI Xibing,LI Qiyue.Technology for shaft formation by one deep-hole blasting with spherical charge explosive and its application[J].China Safety Science Journal,2012,22(11):132–137.(in Chinese))
[6]李启月,李夕兵,范作鹏,等.深孔爆破一次成井技术与应用实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(4):664–670.(LI Qiyue,LI Xibing,FAN Zuopeng,et al.One time deep hole raise blasting technology and case study[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(4):664–670.(in Chinese))
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[8]马晓明,王振宇,陈银鲁,等.精确微差爆破震动能量分布特征分析[J].解放军理工大学学报:自然科学版,2012,13(4):449–454.(MA Xiaoming,WANG Zhenyu,CHEN Yinlu,et al.Analysis of energy distribution of accurate millisecond blasting vibration[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology:Natural Science,2012,13(4):449–454.(in Chinese))
[9]徐振洋,杨军,陈占扬.高精度雷管逐孔起爆地震信号的精确时频分析[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(增2):331–335.(XU Zhengyang,YANG Jun,CHEN Zhanyang.Precise time-frequency analysis on seismic signal by hole initiation using high-precision detonators[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(Supp.2):331–335.(in Chinese))
[10]李顺波,杨军,陈浦,等.精确延时控制爆破振动的实验研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2013,33(5):513–518.(LI Shunbo,YAN Jun,CHEN Pu,et al.Experimental study of blasting vibration with precisely-controlled delay time[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2013,33(5):513–518.(in Chinese))
[11]王鹏,周传波,耿雪峰,等.多孔同段爆破漏斗形成机制的数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(3):993–997.(WANG Peng,ZHOU Chuanbo,GENG Xuefeng,et a1.Numerical simulation of formation mechanism of multi hole and same delay time of blasting crater[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(3):993–997.(in Chinese))
[12]张雪亮,黄树棠.爆破地震效应[M].北京:地震出版社,1981:199–207.(ZHANG Xueliang,HUANG Shutang.Effect of blasting ground vibration[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1981:199–207.(in Chinese))
[13]哈努卡耶夫A H.矿岩爆破物理过程[M].刘殿中译.北京:冶金工业出版社,1980:123–179.(XAHYKAEB A H.Physical process of blasting in rock[M].Translated by LIU Dianzhong.Beijing:China Metallurgical Industry Press,1980:123–179.(in Chinese))
[14]陈继强,刘为洲.多孔爆破振动强度的单孔波形叠加计算[J].金属矿山,2000,(8):53–56.(CHEN Jiqiang,LIU Weizhou.Single hole waveform super imposed calculation of the vibration strength of multi-hole blasting[J].Metal Mine,2000,(8):23–25.(in Chinese))
[15]甄育才,朱传云.中远区微差爆破振动叠加效应影响因素分析[J].爆破,2005,22(2):11–15.(ZHEN Yucai,ZHU Chuayun.Analysis on influential factors of vibration superposition in middle and far field of millisecond blasting[J].Blasting,2005,22(2):11–15.(in Chinese))
[16]亨里奇J.爆炸动力学及其应用[M].熊建国译.北京:科学出版社,1987:300–311.(HENRYCH J.The dynamics of explosion and its application[M].Translated by XIONG Jianguo.Beijing:Science Press,1987:300–311.(in Chinese))
[17]刘优平,龚敏,黄刚海.深孔爆破装药结构优选数值分析方法及其应用[J].岩土力学,2012,33(6):1 883–1 888.(LIU Youping,GONG Min,HUANG Ganghai.Numerical analysis methodfor optimizing charging structure of deep-hole blasting and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanical,2012,33(6):1 883–1 888.(in Chinese))
[18]郝亚飞,李海波,刘恺德,等.单自由面爆破振动特征的炮孔堵塞长度效应[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):3 105–3 110.(HAO Yafei,LI Haibo,LIU Kaide,et.al.Blasthole stemming length effects of single free-face blasting vibration characteristic[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(10):3 105–3 110.(in Chinese))
[19]周传波,谷任国,罗学东.坚硬岩石一次爆破成井掏槽方式的数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(13):2 298–2 304.(ZHOU Chuanbo,GU Renguo,LUO Xuedong.Numerical simulationon cutting mode of shaft excavation by one-step deep-hole blasting inhard rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(13):2 298–2 304.(in Chinese))
[20]李廷春,刘洪强.一次成井掏槽爆破炮孔合理封堵长度研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,4l(3):384–389.(LI Tingchun,LIU Hongqiang.Optimized cut hole stemming length for shaft excavation using one-step deep-hole blasting[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2012,4l(3):384–389.(in Chinese))
[2]李廷春,刘洪强.超深孔一次爆破成井施工工艺研究[J].爆破,2012,29(1):40–44.(LI Tingchun,LIU Hongqiang.Shaft excavation craft by one-step blasting with deep hole[J].Blasting,2012,29(1):40–44.(in Chinese))
[3]李廷春,刘洪强,王超.超深孔一次成井微差爆破技术研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(6):1 742–1 746.(LI Tingchun,LIU Hongqiang,WANG Chao,et al.Study of millisecond blasting technology of shaft excavation by one-step deep-hole blasting[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(6):1 742–1 746.(in Chinese))
[4]高文乐,黄博,毕卫国,等.井下矸石仓全深度一次爆破成井技术[J].爆破,2011,28(1):40–44.(GAO Wenle,HUANG Bo,BI Weiguo,et al.Whole-height blasting technology to once well completion in underground coal warehouse[J].Blasting,2011,28(1):40–44.(in Chinese))
[5]李金跃,李夕兵,李启月.深孔多孔球状药包爆破一次成井技术应用[J].中国安全科学学报,2012,22(11):132–137.(LI Jinyue,LI Xibing,LI Qiyue.Technology for shaft formation by one deep-hole blasting with spherical charge explosive and its application[J].China Safety Science Journal,2012,22(11):132–137.(in Chinese))
[6]李启月,李夕兵,范作鹏,等.深孔爆破一次成井技术与应用实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(4):664–670.(LI Qiyue,LI Xibing,FAN Zuopeng,et al.One time deep hole raise blasting technology and case study[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(4):664–670.(in Chinese))
[7]周传波.深孔爆破一次成井模拟优化与应用研究[博士学位论文][D].武汉:中国地质大学,2004.(ZHOU Chuanbo.Study on simulation optimization and application of shaft formation by one deep-hole blasting[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences,2004.(in Chinese))
[8]马晓明,王振宇,陈银鲁,等.精确微差爆破震动能量分布特征分析[J].解放军理工大学学报:自然科学版,2012,13(4):449–454.(MA Xiaoming,WANG Zhenyu,CHEN Yinlu,et al.Analysis of energy distribution of accurate millisecond blasting vibration[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology:Natural Science,2012,13(4):449–454.(in Chinese))
[9]徐振洋,杨军,陈占扬.高精度雷管逐孔起爆地震信号的精确时频分析[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(增2):331–335.(XU Zhengyang,YANG Jun,CHEN Zhanyang.Precise time-frequency analysis on seismic signal by hole initiation using high-precision detonators[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(Supp.2):331–335.(in Chinese))
[10]李顺波,杨军,陈浦,等.精确延时控制爆破振动的实验研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2013,33(5):513–518.(LI Shunbo,YAN Jun,CHEN Pu,et al.Experimental study of blasting vibration with precisely-controlled delay time[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2013,33(5):513–518.(in Chinese))
[11]王鹏,周传波,耿雪峰,等.多孔同段爆破漏斗形成机制的数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(3):993–997.(WANG Peng,ZHOU Chuanbo,GENG Xuefeng,et a1.Numerical simulation of formation mechanism of multi hole and same delay time of blasting crater[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(3):993–997.(in Chinese))
[12]张雪亮,黄树棠.爆破地震效应[M].北京:地震出版社,1981:199–207.(ZHANG Xueliang,HUANG Shutang.Effect of blasting ground vibration[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1981:199–207.(in Chinese))
[13]哈努卡耶夫A H.矿岩爆破物理过程[M].刘殿中译.北京:冶金工业出版社,1980:123–179.(XAHYKAEB A H.Physical process of blasting in rock[M].Translated by LIU Dianzhong.Beijing:China Metallurgical Industry Press,1980:123–179.(in Chinese))
[14]陈继强,刘为洲.多孔爆破振动强度的单孔波形叠加计算[J].金属矿山,2000,(8):53–56.(CHEN Jiqiang,LIU Weizhou.Single hole waveform super imposed calculation of the vibration strength of multi-hole blasting[J].Metal Mine,2000,(8):23–25.(in Chinese))
[15]甄育才,朱传云.中远区微差爆破振动叠加效应影响因素分析[J].爆破,2005,22(2):11–15.(ZHEN Yucai,ZHU Chuayun.Analysis on influential factors of vibration superposition in middle and far field of millisecond blasting[J].Blasting,2005,22(2):11–15.(in Chinese))
[16]亨里奇J.爆炸动力学及其应用[M].熊建国译.北京:科学出版社,1987:300–311.(HENRYCH J.The dynamics of explosion and its application[M].Translated by XIONG Jianguo.Beijing:Science Press,1987:300–311.(in Chinese))
[17]刘优平,龚敏,黄刚海.深孔爆破装药结构优选数值分析方法及其应用[J].岩土力学,2012,33(6):1 883–1 888.(LIU Youping,GONG Min,HUANG Ganghai.Numerical analysis methodfor optimizing charging structure of deep-hole blasting and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanical,2012,33(6):1 883–1 888.(in Chinese))
[18]郝亚飞,李海波,刘恺德,等.单自由面爆破振动特征的炮孔堵塞长度效应[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):3 105–3 110.(HAO Yafei,LI Haibo,LIU Kaide,et.al.Blasthole stemming length effects of single free-face blasting vibration characteristic[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(10):3 105–3 110.(in Chinese))
[19]周传波,谷任国,罗学东.坚硬岩石一次爆破成井掏槽方式的数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(13):2 298–2 304.(ZHOU Chuanbo,GU Renguo,LUO Xuedong.Numerical simulationon cutting mode of shaft excavation by one-step deep-hole blasting inhard rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(13):2 298–2 304.(in Chinese))
[20]李廷春,刘洪强.一次成井掏槽爆破炮孔合理封堵长度研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,4l(3):384–389.(LI Tingchun,LIU Hongqiang.Optimized cut hole stemming length for shaft excavation using one-step deep-hole blasting[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2012,4l(3):384–389.(in Chinese))