基于微气候模拟的武汉居住小区植被降温通风效应研究
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摘要
基于武汉市典型居住小区建筑布局,以8种代表乔木建模,借助微气候模型,模拟分析夏季8种植物在3种不同植被布局中的降温通风效果;研究中以植物间高宽比(Aspect Ratio of Trees, ART)量化描述植被布局。结果显示:乔木布局、植物物理属性(叶面积指数、冠幅和树高)均会影响绿地降温通风效果;当乔木以ART<2布局时,小区绿地能有效降低居住小区内平均温度,显著提升户外热舒适度;当乔木以ART≥2时,居住小区中乔木对风速的阻挡最小;叶面积指数大、树冠大的高大乔木,有较强的温度调节能力,能积极改善户外热舒适度。
This study examined the vegetation influences on residential environment in hot season by using model simulation. The simulation was based on typical morphology of residential districts representing current development of residential area in Wuhan. Scenarios with three tree arrangements and 8 vegetation species were simulated. Height-to-distance ratio of trees(as "Aspect ratio of trees", ART) was used to describe the tree distribution. The results showed that the impact of vegetation on both heat environment and ventilation depended on tree arrangement, LAI, crown width and tree height. Tree distribution with ART < 2 had great effects on cooling temperature in summer. Tree arrangement with ART ≥2 had the smallest resistance to wind flow. It proposes to optimize tree species with large LAI and big crown for effectively mitigating heat stress in summer.
This study examined the vegetation influences on residential environment in hot season by using model simulation. The simulation was based on typical morphology of residential districts representing current development of residential area in Wuhan. Scenarios with three tree arrangements and 8 vegetation species were simulated. Height-to-distance ratio of trees(as "Aspect ratio of trees", ART) was used to describe the tree distribution. The results showed that the impact of vegetation on both heat environment and ventilation depended on tree arrangement, LAI, crown width and tree height. Tree distribution with ART < 2 had great effects on cooling temperature in summer. Tree arrangement with ART ≥2 had the smallest resistance to wind flow. It proposes to optimize tree species with large LAI and big crown for effectively mitigating heat stress in summer.
引文
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[2]Yan H,Fan S,Guo C,et al.Assessing the effects of landscape design parameters on intra-urban air temperature variability:The case of Beijing,China[J].Building and Environment,2014,76:44-53.
[3]Boukhabl M,Alkam D.Impact of Vegetation on Thermal Conditions Outside,Thermal Modeling of Urban Microclimate,Case Study:The Street of the Republic,Biskra[J].Energy Procedia,2012,18:73-84.
[4]Balinas M,Barradas V L.The Urban Tree as a Tool to Mitigate the Urban Heat Island in Mexico City:ASimple Phenomenological Model[J].J Environ Qual,2016,45:157-166.
[5]Tan Z,Lau K K-L,Ng E.Urban tree design approaches for mitigating daytime urban heat island effects in a high-density urban environment[J].Energy and Buildings,2016,114:265-274.
[6]Park M,Hagishima A,Tanimoto J,et al.Effect of urban vegetation on outdoor thermal environment:Field measurement at a scale model site[J].Building and Environment,2012,56:38-46.
[7]Taleghani M,Kleerekoper L,Tenpierik M,et al.Outdoor thermal comfort within five different urban forms in the Netherlands[J].Building and Environment,2015,83:65-78.
[8]Huttner S,Bruse M.Numerical modeling of the urban climate-a preview on Envi-met 4.0[C].The seventh International Conference on Urban Climate,2009.
[9]Ng E,Chen L,Wang Y,et al.A study on the cooling effects of greening in a high-density city:An experience from Hong Kong[J].Building and Environment,2012,47:256-271.
[10]章莉,詹庆明,蓝玉良.武汉市居住用地绿地降温效应研究[J].中国园林,2018,34(4):47-53.
[11]Shashua-Bar L,Hoffman M E.Vegetation as a climatic component in the design of an urban street:An empirical model for predicting the cooling effect of urban green areas with trees[J].Energy and Buildings,2000,31:221-235.
[12]Hong B,Lin B R,Hu L H,et al.Study on the Impacts of Vegetation on Wind Environment in Residential District Combined Numerical Simulation and Field Experiment[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2012,13:1708-1717.