不同自然植被处理下铜尾矿土壤动物群落的恢复比较
|
摘要
为了解尾矿土壤基质在不同植被处理下土壤动物群落恢复状况,在灌草地和林地自然背景下移植尾矿库复垦土,于2015年4月29日和2017年4月21日对试验样地分别进行2次采样,观察土壤动物群落的变化。结果表明:在不同试验周期处理下,试验处理335 d后样地获得土壤动物541只,隶属于6纲10目,1 065 d后获得土壤动物1 047只,隶属于6纲13目。此外试验1 065 d寡毛纲数量增加,节肢动物(蜱螨目、鞘翅目、双翅目)数量明显下降;不同自然植被处理下,灌草地试验样地土壤动物个体数相比于自然植被急剧减少,林地试验样地个体数急剧增加。独立样本t检验显示林地试验样地土壤动物个体数显著多于灌草地试验样地(P<0.05)。土壤动物群落结构特征与土壤环境因子相关性分析表明,灌草地处理土壤动物个体数、类群数、多样性指数与有效磷有着较高的相关性,而林地处理土壤动物群落结构与土壤理化性状无显著相关,说明土壤动物群落恢复与选择的植被相关。
In order to understand the restoration status of soil animals in tailings soil substrate under different vegetation treatments, the tailings pond reclaimed soil was transplanted under the natural background of shrub grassland and woodland. The soil animal communities were sampled twice on April 29, 2015 and April 21, 2017, respectively.The results showed that 541 soil animals belonging to 6 classes and10 orders were obtained under 335 days treatment and 1 047 soil animals belonging to 6 classes and 13 orders were obtained under 1 065 days treatment. In addition, the number of oligochaetes increased and the number of arthropods(Acarina, Coleoptera, Diptera) decreased significantly on the 1 065 day of the experiment.Under different natural vegetation treatments, the number of soil animals in shrub grassland test sample decreased sharply compared with natural vegetation, and the number of individuals in forestland test sample increased sharply.Independent sample t test showed that the number of soil animals in forestland was significantly higher than that in shrub grassland(P <0.05).The correlation analysis between characteristics of community structure of soil animals and soil environment factors showed that there was a high correlation between individual number, group number, diversity index of soil animals and available phosphorus in shrub grassland treatment, while there was no significant correlation between soil animals community structure and soil physical and chemical properties in forestland treatment, indicating that the restoration of soil fauna community was related to selected vegetation.
In order to understand the restoration status of soil animals in tailings soil substrate under different vegetation treatments, the tailings pond reclaimed soil was transplanted under the natural background of shrub grassland and woodland. The soil animal communities were sampled twice on April 29, 2015 and April 21, 2017, respectively.The results showed that 541 soil animals belonging to 6 classes and10 orders were obtained under 335 days treatment and 1 047 soil animals belonging to 6 classes and 13 orders were obtained under 1 065 days treatment. In addition, the number of oligochaetes increased and the number of arthropods(Acarina, Coleoptera, Diptera) decreased significantly on the 1 065 day of the experiment.Under different natural vegetation treatments, the number of soil animals in shrub grassland test sample decreased sharply compared with natural vegetation, and the number of individuals in forestland test sample increased sharply.Independent sample t test showed that the number of soil animals in forestland was significantly higher than that in shrub grassland(P <0.05).The correlation analysis between characteristics of community structure of soil animals and soil environment factors showed that there was a high correlation between individual number, group number, diversity index of soil animals and available phosphorus in shrub grassland treatment, while there was no significant correlation between soil animals community structure and soil physical and chemical properties in forestland treatment, indicating that the restoration of soil fauna community was related to selected vegetation.
引文
[1]崔艳,白中科,李晋川,等.露天煤矿不同恢复阶段大型土壤动物群落结构[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(4):607-610.
[2]Menta C,Conti F D,Pinto S,et al.Monitoring soil restoration in an openpit mine in northern Italy[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,83:22-29.
[3]阳承胜,蓝崇钰,束文圣.矿业废弃地生态恢复的土壤生物肥力[J].生态科学,2000,19(3):73-78.
[4]Dunger W,Wanner M,Hauser H,et al.Development of soil fauna at mine sites during 46 years after afforestation[J].Pedobiologia,2001,45(3):243-271.
[5]Frouz J,Keplin B,Pi?l V,et al.Soil biota and upper soil layer development in two contrasting post-mining chronosequences[J].Ecological Engineering,2001,17(2/3):275-284.
[6]Frouz J,ElhottováD,Kurá?V,et al.Effects of soil macrofauna on other soil biota and soil formation in reclaimed and unreclaimed post mining sites:Results of a field microcosm experiment[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2006,33(3):308-320.
[7]Háněl L.Nematode assemblages indicate soil restoration on colliery spoils afforested by planting different tree species and by natural succession[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2008,40(1):86-99.
[8]李晓莹,徐学华,郭江,等.不同造林树种对铁尾矿基质理化性质和土壤动物的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(20):5746-5757.
[9]朱永恒,沈非,余健,等.铜尾矿废弃地土壤动物多样性特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(5):1495-1505.
[10]Wanner M,Dunger W.Primary immigration and succession of soil organisms on reclaimed opencast coal mining areas in eastern Germany[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2002,38(2):137-143.
[11]Mudrák O,Uteseny K,Frouz J.Earthworms drive succession of both plant and Collembola communities in post-mining sites[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2012,62:170-177.
[12]李克中,朱永恒.中小型土壤动物组成对复垦铜尾地土壤养分的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(12):3979-3987.
[13]周举花,曹玉红,张衡,等.铜尾矿复垦地中小型土壤动物的迁移[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,39(4):382-388.
[14]尹文英.中国亚热带土壤动物[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
[15]尹文英.中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[16]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[17]吴鹏飞,张洪芝,崔丽巍,等.大型土壤动物群落对高寒草甸退化的响应[J].土壤学报,2013,50(4):786-799.
[18]赵哈林,刘任涛,赵学勇,等.旱作农田改为水浇地对沙质土壤节肢动物群落的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(1):9-14.
[19]Dunger W,Schulz H,Zimdars B.Colonization behaviour of Collembola under different conditions of dispersal Proceedings of the Xth international Colloquium on Apterygota,?eskéBudějovice 2000:Apterygota at the Beginning of the Third Millennium[J].Pedobiologia,2002,46(3/4):316-327.
[20]Dunger W,Voigtlander K.Soil fauna(Lumbricidae,Collembola,Diplopoda and Chilopoda)as indicators of soil subsystem development in post-mining sites of eastern Germany-a review[J].Soil Organisms,2009,81(1):1-51.
[21]Menta C,Conti F D,Pinto S,et al.Monitoring soil restoration in an openpit mine in northern Italy[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,83:22-29.
[22]韩慧莹,殷秀琴,寇新昌,等.长白山地低山区土壤动物群落特征及其对环境因子变化的响应[J].生态学报,2017,37(7):2197-2205.
[2]Menta C,Conti F D,Pinto S,et al.Monitoring soil restoration in an openpit mine in northern Italy[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,83:22-29.
[3]阳承胜,蓝崇钰,束文圣.矿业废弃地生态恢复的土壤生物肥力[J].生态科学,2000,19(3):73-78.
[4]Dunger W,Wanner M,Hauser H,et al.Development of soil fauna at mine sites during 46 years after afforestation[J].Pedobiologia,2001,45(3):243-271.
[5]Frouz J,Keplin B,Pi?l V,et al.Soil biota and upper soil layer development in two contrasting post-mining chronosequences[J].Ecological Engineering,2001,17(2/3):275-284.
[6]Frouz J,ElhottováD,Kurá?V,et al.Effects of soil macrofauna on other soil biota and soil formation in reclaimed and unreclaimed post mining sites:Results of a field microcosm experiment[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2006,33(3):308-320.
[7]Háněl L.Nematode assemblages indicate soil restoration on colliery spoils afforested by planting different tree species and by natural succession[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2008,40(1):86-99.
[8]李晓莹,徐学华,郭江,等.不同造林树种对铁尾矿基质理化性质和土壤动物的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(20):5746-5757.
[9]朱永恒,沈非,余健,等.铜尾矿废弃地土壤动物多样性特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(5):1495-1505.
[10]Wanner M,Dunger W.Primary immigration and succession of soil organisms on reclaimed opencast coal mining areas in eastern Germany[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2002,38(2):137-143.
[11]Mudrák O,Uteseny K,Frouz J.Earthworms drive succession of both plant and Collembola communities in post-mining sites[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2012,62:170-177.
[12]李克中,朱永恒.中小型土壤动物组成对复垦铜尾地土壤养分的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(12):3979-3987.
[13]周举花,曹玉红,张衡,等.铜尾矿复垦地中小型土壤动物的迁移[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,39(4):382-388.
[14]尹文英.中国亚热带土壤动物[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
[15]尹文英.中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[16]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[17]吴鹏飞,张洪芝,崔丽巍,等.大型土壤动物群落对高寒草甸退化的响应[J].土壤学报,2013,50(4):786-799.
[18]赵哈林,刘任涛,赵学勇,等.旱作农田改为水浇地对沙质土壤节肢动物群落的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(1):9-14.
[19]Dunger W,Schulz H,Zimdars B.Colonization behaviour of Collembola under different conditions of dispersal Proceedings of the Xth international Colloquium on Apterygota,?eskéBudějovice 2000:Apterygota at the Beginning of the Third Millennium[J].Pedobiologia,2002,46(3/4):316-327.
[20]Dunger W,Voigtlander K.Soil fauna(Lumbricidae,Collembola,Diplopoda and Chilopoda)as indicators of soil subsystem development in post-mining sites of eastern Germany-a review[J].Soil Organisms,2009,81(1):1-51.
[21]Menta C,Conti F D,Pinto S,et al.Monitoring soil restoration in an openpit mine in northern Italy[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,83:22-29.
[22]韩慧莹,殷秀琴,寇新昌,等.长白山地低山区土壤动物群落特征及其对环境因子变化的响应[J].生态学报,2017,37(7):2197-2205.