塔里木盆地玉北地区上奥陶统碳酸盐岩沉积微相及沉积环境
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摘要
采用微相分析的方法,对玉北地区12口钻井上奥陶统恰尔巴克组、良里塔格组碳酸盐岩的微相类型和沉积环境进行了研究。通过在显微镜下对其颗粒成分、生物组合、基质类型及结构特征等进行深入观察,划分出8种碳酸盐岩微相类型。依据各微相类型组合特征,并结合钻测井、地震剖面、古生物及地球化学等资料,认为玉北地区上奥陶统碳酸盐岩主要形成于开阔台地、台地边缘与台缘斜坡3种沉积环境,晚奥陶世的沉积相带呈东西向分异:大致以玉北5-胜和2-皮山北2井南一线为界,东部为台缘斜坡-陆棚相,中西部为碳酸盐岩台地相。玉北地区晚奥陶世纵向沉积演化为开阔台地—台地边缘—台缘斜坡—陆棚,其沉积环境的演变主要受控于区域构造运动。
We studied the microfacies types and sedimentary settings of carbonate rocks of the Upper Ordovician Qrebake and Lianglitage Formations from 12 wells of the Yubei area,by means of microfacies analysis. Eight kinds of carbonate microfacies have been identified based on the microscopic observation of grains,biological assemblies,matrix and structural characteristics. Based on how the microfacies types are associated to each other,combined with drilling and logging data,as well as seismic profile,palaeontological and geochemical analyses,we believed that the Upper Ordovician carbonate rocks are mainly developed in the sedimentary environments of open platform,platform margin and marginal-platform slope. The sedimentary facies in the Late Ordovician differ from the east to the west. The boundary is delineated along Well YB5-Well SH2-the south of Well PSB2,with marginal-platform slope-continental shelf facies in the east,and carbonate platform facies in the center and the west. In conclusion,the Upper Ordovician in the Yubei area has evolved from open platform,to platform margin,to marginal-platform slope,and then to continental shelf facies in vertical sequence,and the variation of sedimentary environments in the area is mainly controlled by regional tectonic movements.
We studied the microfacies types and sedimentary settings of carbonate rocks of the Upper Ordovician Qrebake and Lianglitage Formations from 12 wells of the Yubei area,by means of microfacies analysis. Eight kinds of carbonate microfacies have been identified based on the microscopic observation of grains,biological assemblies,matrix and structural characteristics. Based on how the microfacies types are associated to each other,combined with drilling and logging data,as well as seismic profile,palaeontological and geochemical analyses,we believed that the Upper Ordovician carbonate rocks are mainly developed in the sedimentary environments of open platform,platform margin and marginal-platform slope. The sedimentary facies in the Late Ordovician differ from the east to the west. The boundary is delineated along Well YB5-Well SH2-the south of Well PSB2,with marginal-platform slope-continental shelf facies in the east,and carbonate platform facies in the center and the west. In conclusion,the Upper Ordovician in the Yubei area has evolved from open platform,to platform margin,to marginal-platform slope,and then to continental shelf facies in vertical sequence,and the variation of sedimentary environments in the area is mainly controlled by regional tectonic movements.
引文
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[15]王大锐,白玉雷,贾承造.塔里木中、上奥陶统碳同位素组成正向偏移的石油地质学意义[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(4):15-16.Wang Daru,Bai Yulei,Jia Chengzao. The petroleum geological significance of carbon isotopic positive anomaly of the Middle-Upper Ordovician in Tarim Basin,Northwest China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,1998,25(4):15-16.
[16]王建坡,马璐,张园园,等.塔里木板块塔中地区上奥陶统良里塔格组的生物礁类型[J].微体古生物学报,2013,30(3):228-238.Wang Jianpo,Ma Lu,Zhang Yuanyuan,et al. Reeftypes of the Upper Ordovician Lianglitag Formation in the central high,Tarim Block,NW China[J]. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica. 2013,30(3):228-238.
[2]成俊峰,王虹,武涛,等.塔里木盆地玉北地区奥陶系牙形石生物地层初步研究[J].新疆地质,2013,31(增刊):21-27.Cheng Junfeng,Wang Hong,Wu Tao et al. A preliminary study on the Ordovician condont biostratigraphy in Yubei Region,Tarim Basin[J]. Xinjiang Geology,2013,31(Sup):21-27.
[3]蔡习尧,赵丽娜,李慧莉,等.麦盖提斜坡上奥陶统良里塔格组的确认及其意义[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(3):351-356.Cai Xiyao,Zhao Lina,Li Huili et al. Confirmation and singificance of Lianglitage Formation of Upper Ordovician in Maigaiti Slope,Tarim Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015,36(3):351-356.
[4]邱华标,谭广辉,曹自成,等.塔里木盆地玉北地区构造演化与油气聚集关系[J].新疆地质,2013,31(增刊):28-33.Qiu Huabiao,Tan Guanghui,Cao Zicheng et al. Tectonic evolution and its relation to hydrocarbon accumulation in Yubei Area,Tarim Basin[J]. Xinjiang Geology,2013,31(Sup):28-33.
[5]张谦,黄文辉,丁文龙,等.玉北地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素特征及成岩环境分析[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,30(5):20-30.Zhang Qian,Huang Wenhui,Ding Wenlong et al. Analysis of carbon and oxygen isotopic characteristics and diagenetic environment of Ordovician carbonate rock in Yubei area[J]. Journal of Xian Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2015,30(5):20-30.
[6]林水城,傅恒,曾毅.塔里木盆地玉北地区奥陶系层序界面识别及特征[J].新疆地质,2014,32(2):219-224.Lin Shuicheng,Fu Heng,Zeng Yi. Recognition and the character of sequence boundary of Ordovician in Yubei area of Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Geology,2014,32(2):219-224.
[7]蔡习尧,马宇驰,陈跃,等.塔里木盆地中央隆起区恰尔巴克组与一间房组分布及意义[J].石油实验地质,2015:37(5):591-598.Cai Xiyao,Ma Yuchi,Chen Yue,et al. Distribution and signifiacance of the Ordovician Qrebake and Yijianfeng Fomations in the Central Uplift of the,Tarim Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2015:37(5):591-598.
[8]余素玉.化石碳酸盐岩[M].北京:地质出版社,1982:1-137.Yu Suyu. Fossil carbonate[M]. Beijing:Geology Press,1982:1-137.
[9]包洪平,杨承运.碳酸盐岩微相分析及其在岩相古地理研究中的意义[J].岩相古地理,1999,19(6):59-64.Bao Hongping,Yang Chengyun. Carbonate microfcies analysis and the significance in the sedimentary facies and palaeogeography[J]. Sedimentary Facies and Palaeogeography,1999,19(6):59-64.
[10]刘涛,章文忠,杨忠宝,等.新疆阿合奇地区哈拉奇组、康克林组碳酸盐岩微相特征和沉积环境[J].地质通报,2014,33(1):60-70.Liu Tao,Zhang Wenzhong,Yang Zhongbao,et al. The carbonate microfacies and sedimentary environment of Karaqi Formation and Kangkelin Formation in Akqi area,Xinjiang[J]. Geological Bulletin of China. 2014:33(1):60-70.
[11] Dunham RJ. Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture[M]. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Goel. Mem. 1962:108-121.
[12]威尔逊JL.地质历史中的碳酸盐相[M].北京:地质出版社,1981:1-80,291-365.Wilson,J. L. Carbonate facies in geologic history. Beijing:Geologic Press 1981:1-80,295-365.
[13]弗吕格尔.埃里克.碳酸盐岩微相:分析、解释及应用[M].马永生,主译.北京:地质出版社,2006:1-696.Flügel E. Microfacies of carbonate rocks analysis,interpretation and application[M]. Translated by Ma Yongsheng,Beijing:Geology Press,2006:1-695.
[14]刘忠宝,张福顺,高山林,等.塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡奥陶纪地层划分对比及意义[J].世界地质,2016,35(3):708-716.Liu Zhongbao,Zhang Fushun,Gao Shanlin,et al. Ordovician stratigrgphic divisions and correlation of Maigaiti slope in Tarin Basin and its significance[J]. Global Geology,2016,35(3):708-716.
[15]王大锐,白玉雷,贾承造.塔里木中、上奥陶统碳同位素组成正向偏移的石油地质学意义[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(4):15-16.Wang Daru,Bai Yulei,Jia Chengzao. The petroleum geological significance of carbon isotopic positive anomaly of the Middle-Upper Ordovician in Tarim Basin,Northwest China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,1998,25(4):15-16.
[16]王建坡,马璐,张园园,等.塔里木板块塔中地区上奥陶统良里塔格组的生物礁类型[J].微体古生物学报,2013,30(3):228-238.Wang Jianpo,Ma Lu,Zhang Yuanyuan,et al. Reeftypes of the Upper Ordovician Lianglitag Formation in the central high,Tarim Block,NW China[J]. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica. 2013,30(3):228-238.