碎屑岩成岩拉平处理及沉积作用控制储层物性的定量表征——以珠江口盆地白云凹陷为例
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摘要
沉积和成岩是碎屑岩储层物性的2个主控因素。沉积物粒度、结构、沉积相及搬运介质的流态制约着储层原生孔隙的发育,并影响着后续成岩作用的路径。然而,由于沉积之后长期的成岩作用影响,沉积对储层物性控制的定量表征难以实施。为此,提出了将物性数据校正至相同成岩作用水平——成岩作用拉平处理的思路。通过对珠江口盆地白云凹陷32口钻井分析化验资料的研究,分析了孔隙度、渗透率交会图及其随埋深的变化规律,识别了异常热演化、浅层钙质胶结和深部次生溶蚀等局部异常成岩作用,剔除了受影响的样品数据。根据拟合地温、埋深与物性的相关性,校正了区域差异成岩的影响,并在此基础上开展了沉积作用对储层物性的控制分析。分析结果表明,储层物性与沉积物粒度和分选性呈正相关,与成分成熟度无关,最有利的储层沉积微相为三角洲前缘水下分流河道和深水扇重力流水道。开展沉积作用对储层物性控制的定量化分析,并形成了完整的控制分析流程,对其他地区的类似研究具有一定借鉴意义。
Sedimentation and diagenesis are the two main factors controlling clastic reservoir properties.The sediment size,structure,sedimentary facies and the flow regime of transport medium restrict the development of reservoir primary pores and affect the path of subsequent diagenesis.However,due to the long-term diagenesis after sedimentation,it is difficult to quantitatively characterize the reservoir physical property controlled by sedimentation.Therefore,it is proposed to adjust the physical property to correspond with the same level of diagenesis,i.e.,flattening diagenesis process.Through studying the analysis and test data of 32 drilling wells in the Baiyun sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin,the abnormal thermal evolution,shallow calcareous cementation,deep secondary corrosion and other local abnormal diagenesis were identified by the porosity-permeability cross plot and the law of variation with buried depth,thus eliminating the affected sample data.According to the correlation between the fitted ground temperature,buried depth and physical properties,the effects of regional differences in diagenesis were corrected,and an analysis was carried out on the control of reservoir physical properties by sedimentation.The analysis results show that the reservoir physical properties are positively correlated with sediment particle size and sorting,unrelated to the maturity of components.The most favorable reservoir sedimentary microfacies are the delta front subaqueous distributary channel and the deep water fan gravity channel.The complete process of quantitative analysis on the reservoir physical properties controlled by sedimentation is useful for similar studies in other regions.
Sedimentation and diagenesis are the two main factors controlling clastic reservoir properties.The sediment size,structure,sedimentary facies and the flow regime of transport medium restrict the development of reservoir primary pores and affect the path of subsequent diagenesis.However,due to the long-term diagenesis after sedimentation,it is difficult to quantitatively characterize the reservoir physical property controlled by sedimentation.Therefore,it is proposed to adjust the physical property to correspond with the same level of diagenesis,i.e.,flattening diagenesis process.Through studying the analysis and test data of 32 drilling wells in the Baiyun sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin,the abnormal thermal evolution,shallow calcareous cementation,deep secondary corrosion and other local abnormal diagenesis were identified by the porosity-permeability cross plot and the law of variation with buried depth,thus eliminating the affected sample data.According to the correlation between the fitted ground temperature,buried depth and physical properties,the effects of regional differences in diagenesis were corrected,and an analysis was carried out on the control of reservoir physical properties by sedimentation.The analysis results show that the reservoir physical properties are positively correlated with sediment particle size and sorting,unrelated to the maturity of components.The most favorable reservoir sedimentary microfacies are the delta front subaqueous distributary channel and the deep water fan gravity channel.The complete process of quantitative analysis on the reservoir physical properties controlled by sedimentation is useful for similar studies in other regions.
引文
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[16]孙珍,庞雄,钟志洪,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷新生代构造演化动力学[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):489-498.SUN Zhen,PANG Xiong,ZHONG Zhihong,et al.Dynamics of Tertiary tectonic evolution of the Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(4):489-498.
[17]张云帆,孙珍,庞雄.珠江口盆地白云凹陷下地壳伸展与陆架坡折的关系[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(3):488-496.ZHANG Yunfan,SUN Zhen,PANG Xiong.The relationship between extension of lower crust and displacement of the shelf break[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2014,57(3):550-557.
[18]王家豪,庞雄,王存武,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷中央底辟带的发现及识别[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2006,31(2):209-213.WANG Jiahao,PANG Xiong,WANG Cunwu,et al.Discovery and recognition of the central diapiric zone in Baiyun Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2006,31(2):209-213.
[19]WANG Jiahao,PANG Xiong,LIU Baojun,et al.The Baiyun and Liwan Sags:Two supradetachment basins on the passive continental margin of the northern South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2018,95:206-218.
[20]陈国俊,吕成福,王琪,等.珠江口盆地深水区白云凹陷储层孔隙特征及影响因素[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):566-572.CHEN Guojun,LV Chengfu,WANG Qi,et al.Characteristics of pore evolution and its controlling factors of Baiyun Sag in deepwater area of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(4):566-572.
[21]陈亮,庞雄,刘军,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷深水重力流优质砂岩储集层特征及识别方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(4):463-471.CHEN Liang,PANG Xiong,LIU Jun,et al.Characteristics and identification of high quality deep-water gravity flow sandstone reservoirs in Baiyun sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(4):463-471.
[22]李弛,罗静兰,胡海燕,等.热动力条件对白云凹陷深水区珠海组砂岩成岩演化过程的影响[J].地球科学,2018.LI Chi,LUO Jinglan,HU Haiyan,et al.The thermodynamic impact on deepwater sandstone diagenetic evolution of the Zhuhai Formation in Baiyun Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Earth Science,2018,doi:10.3799/dqkx.2017.618.
[23]高玉巧,刘立.含片钠铝石砂岩的基本特征及地质意义[J].地质论评,2007,53(1):104-111.GAO Yuqiao,LIU Li.Basic characteristics of dawsonite-bearing sandstone and its geologic significance[J].Geological Review,2007,53(1):104-111.
[24]陈彬滔,潘树新,梁苏娟,等.陆相湖盆深水块体搬运体优质储层的主控因素:以松辽盆地英台地区青山口组为例[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2015,45(4):1002-1010.CHEN Bintao,PAN Shuxin,LIANG Sujuan,et al.Main controlling factors of high quality deep-water mass transport deposits(MTDs)reservoir in lacustrine basin:an insight of Qingshankou Formation,Yingtai area,Songliao Basin,Northeast China[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2015,45(4):1002-1010.
[2]郑荣才,马奇科,杨宝泉,等.白云凹陷珠江组深水扇砂岩储层特征及控制因素[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2012,39(5):455-462.ZHENG Rongcai,MA Qike,YANG Baoquan,et al.Characteristics of Miocene Zhujiang Formation submarine fan sandstone reservoirs in Baiyun Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2012,39(5):455-462.
[3]JIA Jianliang,LIU Zhaojun,MIAO Changsheng,et al.Depositional model and evolution for a deep-water sublacustrine fan system from the syn-rift Lower Cretaceous Nantun Formation of the Tanan Depression(Tamtsag Basin,Mongolia)[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2014,57(2):264-282.
[4]YANG Renchao,HE Zhiliang,QIU Guiqiang,et al.Late Triassic gravity flow depositional system in the southern Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(6):724-733.
[5]林煜,吴胜和,王星,等.尼日尔三角洲盆地深水油田A海底扇储层质量差异[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(4):494-502.LIN Yu,WU Shenghe,WANG Xing,et al.Reservoir quality differences of submarine fans in deep-water oilfield A in Niger Delta Basin,West Africa[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2014,35(4):494-502.
[6]ZHANG Jiajia,WU Shenghe,WANG Xing,et al.Reservoir quality variations within a sinuous deep-water channel system in the Niger Delta Basin,Offshore West Africa[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2015,63:166-188.
[7]UMAR M,KHAN A S,KELLING G,et al.Reservoir attributes of a hydrocarbon-prone sandstone complex:case of the Pab Formation(Late Cretaceous)of Southwest Pakistan[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2016,9:14.
[8]吕成福,陈国俊,张功成,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷珠海组碎屑岩储层特征及成因机制[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,42(9):2763-2773.LV Chengfu,CHEN Guojun,ZHANG Gongcheng,et al.Reservoir characteristics of detrital sandstones in Zhuhai Formation of Baiyun sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2011,42(9):2763-2773.
[9]王振峰,裴健翔,郝德峰,等.莺-琼盆地中新统大型重力流储集体发育条件、沉积特征及天然气勘探有利方向[J].中国海上油气,2015,27(4):13-21.WANG Zhenfeng,PEI Jianxiang,HAO Defeng,et al.Development conditions,sedimentary characteristics of Miocene large gravity flow reservoirs and the favorable gas exploration directions in Ying-Qiong basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2015,27(4):13-21.
[10]郑荣才,李云,戴朝成,等.白云凹陷珠江组深水扇砂质碎屑流沉积学特征[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2012,42(6):1581-1589.ZHENG Rongcai,LI Yun,DAI Chaocheng,et al.Depositional features of sandy debris flow of submarine fan in Zhujiang Formation,Baiyun Sag[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2012,42(6):1581-1589.
[11]郑胜,吕成福,陈国俊,等.南海西北部晚中新世红河海底扇储集层特征[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2015,46(5):1754-1762.ZHENG Sheng,LV Chengfu,CHEN Guojun,et al.Reservoir characteristics of Late Miocene Red River submarine fan,northwestern South China Sea[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2015,46(5):1754-1762.
[12]王家豪,刘丽华,陈胜红,等.珠江口盆地恩平凹陷珠琼运动二幕的构造-沉积响应及区域构造意义[J].石油学报,2011,32(4):588-595.WANG Jiahao,LIU Lihua,CHEN Shenghong,et al.Tectonicsedimentary responses to the second episode of the Zhu-Qiong movement in the Enping Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin and its regional tectonic significance[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(4):588-595.
[13]庞雄,申俊,袁立忠,等.南海珠江深水扇系统及其油气勘探前景[J].石油学报,2006,27(3):11-15.PANG Xiong,SHEN Jun,YUAN Lizhong,et al.Petroleum prospect in deep water fan system of the Pearl River in the South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(3):11-15.
[14]庞雄,朱明,柳保军,等.南海北部珠江口盆地白云凹陷深水区重力流沉积机理[J].石油学报,2014,35(4):646-653.PANG Xiong,ZHU Ming,LIU Baojun,et al.The mechanism of gravity flow deposition in Baiyun Sag deepwater area of the northern South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(4):646-653.
[15]施和生,何敏,张丽丽,等.珠江口盆地(东部)油气地质特征、成藏规律及下一步勘探策略[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(3):11-22.SHI Hesheng,HE Ming,ZHANG Lili,et al.Hydrocarbon geology,accumulation pattern and the next exploration strategy in the eastern Pearl River Mouth basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2014,26(3):11-22.
[16]孙珍,庞雄,钟志洪,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷新生代构造演化动力学[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):489-498.SUN Zhen,PANG Xiong,ZHONG Zhihong,et al.Dynamics of Tertiary tectonic evolution of the Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(4):489-498.
[17]张云帆,孙珍,庞雄.珠江口盆地白云凹陷下地壳伸展与陆架坡折的关系[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(3):488-496.ZHANG Yunfan,SUN Zhen,PANG Xiong.The relationship between extension of lower crust and displacement of the shelf break[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2014,57(3):550-557.
[18]王家豪,庞雄,王存武,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷中央底辟带的发现及识别[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2006,31(2):209-213.WANG Jiahao,PANG Xiong,WANG Cunwu,et al.Discovery and recognition of the central diapiric zone in Baiyun Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2006,31(2):209-213.
[19]WANG Jiahao,PANG Xiong,LIU Baojun,et al.The Baiyun and Liwan Sags:Two supradetachment basins on the passive continental margin of the northern South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2018,95:206-218.
[20]陈国俊,吕成福,王琪,等.珠江口盆地深水区白云凹陷储层孔隙特征及影响因素[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):566-572.CHEN Guojun,LV Chengfu,WANG Qi,et al.Characteristics of pore evolution and its controlling factors of Baiyun Sag in deepwater area of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(4):566-572.
[21]陈亮,庞雄,刘军,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷深水重力流优质砂岩储集层特征及识别方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(4):463-471.CHEN Liang,PANG Xiong,LIU Jun,et al.Characteristics and identification of high quality deep-water gravity flow sandstone reservoirs in Baiyun sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(4):463-471.
[22]李弛,罗静兰,胡海燕,等.热动力条件对白云凹陷深水区珠海组砂岩成岩演化过程的影响[J].地球科学,2018.LI Chi,LUO Jinglan,HU Haiyan,et al.The thermodynamic impact on deepwater sandstone diagenetic evolution of the Zhuhai Formation in Baiyun Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Earth Science,2018,doi:10.3799/dqkx.2017.618.
[23]高玉巧,刘立.含片钠铝石砂岩的基本特征及地质意义[J].地质论评,2007,53(1):104-111.GAO Yuqiao,LIU Li.Basic characteristics of dawsonite-bearing sandstone and its geologic significance[J].Geological Review,2007,53(1):104-111.
[24]陈彬滔,潘树新,梁苏娟,等.陆相湖盆深水块体搬运体优质储层的主控因素:以松辽盆地英台地区青山口组为例[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2015,45(4):1002-1010.CHEN Bintao,PAN Shuxin,LIANG Sujuan,et al.Main controlling factors of high quality deep-water mass transport deposits(MTDs)reservoir in lacustrine basin:an insight of Qingshankou Formation,Yingtai area,Songliao Basin,Northeast China[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2015,45(4):1002-1010.