青少年心理素质对社交焦虑的影响及其性别差异
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摘要
为探讨青少年心理素质与社交焦虑之间的关系以及性别在两者之间可能存在的调节作用,使用中学生心理素质简化版问卷和交往焦虑量表对919名年龄在12～18岁之间的青少年进行了测量调查研究.结果显示:(1)社交焦虑的性别主效应显著,女生的社交焦虑水平显著高于男生;(2)青少年心理素质的各维度均与社交焦虑呈显著负相关,且均能显著负向预测社交焦虑;(3)性别在青少年心理素质的个性品质与社交焦虑之间起调节作用,男生的个性品质对社交焦虑的负向预测作用显著大于女生.
To explore the relationship between adolescents'psychological suzhi and social anxiety,and the possible moderating role of gender between them,the simplified questionnaire has been used to study the middle school students'psychological suzhi and the interaction anxiousness scale were conducted on 919 adolescents aged between 12 and 18years.The results show that 1)the gender's main effect of social anxiety was significant,girls' social anxiety level was significantly higher than that of boys;2)the dimensions of adolescents' psychological suzhi were negatively correlated with social anxiety,and they could significantly and negatively predict social anxiety;3)gender played a moderating role between adolescents' individuality of psychological suzhi and social anxiety,and the negative predictive effect of boys' individuality on social anxiety was greater than that of girls.
To explore the relationship between adolescents'psychological suzhi and social anxiety,and the possible moderating role of gender between them,the simplified questionnaire has been used to study the middle school students'psychological suzhi and the interaction anxiousness scale were conducted on 919 adolescents aged between 12 and 18years.The results show that 1)the gender's main effect of social anxiety was significant,girls' social anxiety level was significantly higher than that of boys;2)the dimensions of adolescents' psychological suzhi were negatively correlated with social anxiety,and they could significantly and negatively predict social anxiety;3)gender played a moderating role between adolescents' individuality of psychological suzhi and social anxiety,and the negative predictive effect of boys' individuality on social anxiety was greater than that of girls.
引文
[1]MORRISON A S,HEIMBERG R G.Social Anxiety and Social Anxiety Disorder[J].Annual Review of Clinical Psychology,2013,9:249-274.
[2]金晓雨,肖晶,崔丽霞.大学生情绪调节的认知策略,外显自尊,人格特质与社交焦虑的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2013,21(4):609-612.
[3]彭纯子,邓盘月,马惠霞,等.大中学生社交焦虑特征初探[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2004,12(4):241-243.
[4]SPOKAS M E,RODEBAUGH T L,HEIMBERG R G.Cognitive Biases in Social Phobia[J].Psychiatry,2004,3(5):51-55.
[5]李波,马长燕.对青少年社交焦虑个体的深度访谈[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2004,6(6):37-39.
[6]刘广增,潘彦谷,李卫卫,等.自尊对青少年社交焦虑的影响:自我概念清晰性的中介作用[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2017,25(1):151-154.
[7]赵鑫,张雅丽,陈玲,等.人格特质对青少年社交焦虑的影响:情绪调节方式的中介作用[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2014,22(6):1057-1061.
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[9]张大均,冯正直,郭成,等.关于学生心理素质研究的几个问题[J].西南师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2000,26(3):56-62.
[10]张大均.论人的心理素质[J].心理与行为研究,2003,1(2):143-146.
[11]ZHANG D J,WANG J L,YU L.Methods and Implementary Strategies on Cultivating Students'Psychological Suzhi[M].New York:Nova Science Publishers,2011.
[12]张大均,王鑫强.心理健康与心理素质的关系:内涵结构分析[J].西南大学学报(社会科学版),2012,38(3):69-74,174.
[13]LA GRECA A M,LOPEZ N.Social Anxiety among Adolescents:Linkages with Peer Relations and Friendships[J].Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,1998,26(2):83-94.
[14]李玲玉.大学生社交焦虑、依恋与心理健康的关系研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2010,18(2):186-189.
[15]曾雅丽,蔡茂华,宋迎秋.高校大学生人际敏感与社交焦虑相关因素分析[J].社会心理科学,2011,26(5-6):5-8,35.
[16]程刚,肖友琴.社交焦虑障碍的性别差异及其生物学解释[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2015,23(2):307-312.
[17]彭纯子,燕良轼,马晓虹,等.大学生社交焦虑的现状调查与分析[J].中国行为医学科学,2003,12(2):225-226.
[18]黄雪梅,汪勇.大学新生社交焦虑状况与父母养育方式、人格的相关性研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2006,14(2):222-224.
[19]冯正直,张大均.中学生心理素质量表的研制[J].中华行为医学与脑科学杂志,2001,10(3):223-225.
[20]冯正直,张大均,范华泉.中学生心理素质特点的初步研究[J].心理科学,2004,27(4):890-895.
[21]杨念.中学生心理素质问卷修编及其发展特点研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2011.
[22]胡天强,张大均.中学生心理素质与抑郁的关系:自我服务归因偏向的中介作用[J].西南大学学报(社会科学版),2015,41(6):104-109.
[23]刘广增,张大均,潘彦谷,等.中学生心理素质与同伴关系的研究:自尊的中介作用[J].心理科学,2016,39(6):1290-1295.
[24]汪向东,王希林,马弘.心理卫生评定量表手册(增订版)[M].北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,1999.
[25]MUTHN L K,MUTHN B O.Mplus Version 7Users Guide[M].Los Angeles,CA:Muthén&Muthén,2012.
[26]周浩,龙立荣.共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法[J].心理科学进展,2004,12(6):942-950.
[27]吴艳,温忠麟.结构方程建模中的题目打包策略[J].心理科学进展,2011,19(12):1859-1867.
[28]林雄标,胡纪泽.社交恐怖症患者的认知特征及相关因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(6):423-425.
[29]JACKLIN C N,REYNOLDS C.Gender and Childhood Socialization[M].New York,NY:Guilford Press,1993.
[30]卢勤,苏彦捷.性别角色与基本人格维度的相关研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2004,40(4):642-651.
[2]金晓雨,肖晶,崔丽霞.大学生情绪调节的认知策略,外显自尊,人格特质与社交焦虑的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2013,21(4):609-612.
[3]彭纯子,邓盘月,马惠霞,等.大中学生社交焦虑特征初探[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2004,12(4):241-243.
[4]SPOKAS M E,RODEBAUGH T L,HEIMBERG R G.Cognitive Biases in Social Phobia[J].Psychiatry,2004,3(5):51-55.
[5]李波,马长燕.对青少年社交焦虑个体的深度访谈[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2004,6(6):37-39.
[6]刘广增,潘彦谷,李卫卫,等.自尊对青少年社交焦虑的影响:自我概念清晰性的中介作用[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2017,25(1):151-154.
[7]赵鑫,张雅丽,陈玲,等.人格特质对青少年社交焦虑的影响:情绪调节方式的中介作用[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2014,22(6):1057-1061.
[8]郭晓薇.大学生社交焦虑成因的研究[J].心理学探新,2000,20(1):55-58.
[9]张大均,冯正直,郭成,等.关于学生心理素质研究的几个问题[J].西南师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2000,26(3):56-62.
[10]张大均.论人的心理素质[J].心理与行为研究,2003,1(2):143-146.
[11]ZHANG D J,WANG J L,YU L.Methods and Implementary Strategies on Cultivating Students'Psychological Suzhi[M].New York:Nova Science Publishers,2011.
[12]张大均,王鑫强.心理健康与心理素质的关系:内涵结构分析[J].西南大学学报(社会科学版),2012,38(3):69-74,174.
[13]LA GRECA A M,LOPEZ N.Social Anxiety among Adolescents:Linkages with Peer Relations and Friendships[J].Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,1998,26(2):83-94.
[14]李玲玉.大学生社交焦虑、依恋与心理健康的关系研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2010,18(2):186-189.
[15]曾雅丽,蔡茂华,宋迎秋.高校大学生人际敏感与社交焦虑相关因素分析[J].社会心理科学,2011,26(5-6):5-8,35.
[16]程刚,肖友琴.社交焦虑障碍的性别差异及其生物学解释[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2015,23(2):307-312.
[17]彭纯子,燕良轼,马晓虹,等.大学生社交焦虑的现状调查与分析[J].中国行为医学科学,2003,12(2):225-226.
[18]黄雪梅,汪勇.大学新生社交焦虑状况与父母养育方式、人格的相关性研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2006,14(2):222-224.
[19]冯正直,张大均.中学生心理素质量表的研制[J].中华行为医学与脑科学杂志,2001,10(3):223-225.
[20]冯正直,张大均,范华泉.中学生心理素质特点的初步研究[J].心理科学,2004,27(4):890-895.
[21]杨念.中学生心理素质问卷修编及其发展特点研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2011.
[22]胡天强,张大均.中学生心理素质与抑郁的关系:自我服务归因偏向的中介作用[J].西南大学学报(社会科学版),2015,41(6):104-109.
[23]刘广增,张大均,潘彦谷,等.中学生心理素质与同伴关系的研究:自尊的中介作用[J].心理科学,2016,39(6):1290-1295.
[24]汪向东,王希林,马弘.心理卫生评定量表手册(增订版)[M].北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,1999.
[25]MUTHN L K,MUTHN B O.Mplus Version 7Users Guide[M].Los Angeles,CA:Muthén&Muthén,2012.
[26]周浩,龙立荣.共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法[J].心理科学进展,2004,12(6):942-950.
[27]吴艳,温忠麟.结构方程建模中的题目打包策略[J].心理科学进展,2011,19(12):1859-1867.
[28]林雄标,胡纪泽.社交恐怖症患者的认知特征及相关因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(6):423-425.
[29]JACKLIN C N,REYNOLDS C.Gender and Childhood Socialization[M].New York,NY:Guilford Press,1993.
[30]卢勤,苏彦捷.性别角色与基本人格维度的相关研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2004,40(4):642-651.