心理素质对初一和高一新生问题行为的影响:孤独感与安全感的中介作用
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摘要
为探讨初一和高一新生的问题行为及其影响因素,考察孤独感和安全感在心理素质与高一和初一新生问题行为间的中介作用,采用中学生心理素质问卷(简化版)、UCLA孤独感量表、长处和困难问卷(选取其中4个维度)和安全感量表对1 184名初一和高一新生进行调查.结果显示:(1)心理素质对初一和高一新生问题行为有负向影响;(2)孤独感和安全感在心理素质与初一和高一新生问题行为的关系中具有部分中介效应,通过心理素质—安全感—问题行为、心理素质—安全感—孤独感—问题行为、心理素质—孤独感—问题行为3条路径实现;(3)心理素质—安全感—问题行为这一路径的间接效应值最大,即安全感在心理素质与问题行为之间起着关键的中介作用.
Freshmen of middle schools and high schools have just entered a new stage of learning.With the change of learning environment,classmates and teachers,they are encountering a series of environmental adaptation problems,and so there are often more problem behaviors among them.To explore the influencing factors of problem behaviors among freshmen of middle schools and high schools,a mediation model was constructed in this study to examine whether loneliness and security mediate the relation between psychological suzhi and problem behaviors among them.A sample of 1184 freshmen of middle school and high schools was recruited in the study to complete measures of psychological suzhi,UCLA loneliness scale,problem behavior questionnaire and security scale.Pychological suzhi was shown to predict problem behaviors negatively among freshmen of middle schools and high schools,and oneliness and security played partial mediating effect between psychological suzhi and problem behaviors among them through three pathways:psychological suzhi-security-problem behavior;psychological suzhi-security-loneliness-problem behavior;psychological suzhi-loneliness-problem behavior.The pathway of psychological suzhi-securityproblem behavior has the largest indirect effect value,that is,security plays a key mediating role between psychological suzhi and problem behaviors.
Freshmen of middle schools and high schools have just entered a new stage of learning.With the change of learning environment,classmates and teachers,they are encountering a series of environmental adaptation problems,and so there are often more problem behaviors among them.To explore the influencing factors of problem behaviors among freshmen of middle schools and high schools,a mediation model was constructed in this study to examine whether loneliness and security mediate the relation between psychological suzhi and problem behaviors among them.A sample of 1184 freshmen of middle school and high schools was recruited in the study to complete measures of psychological suzhi,UCLA loneliness scale,problem behavior questionnaire and security scale.Pychological suzhi was shown to predict problem behaviors negatively among freshmen of middle schools and high schools,and oneliness and security played partial mediating effect between psychological suzhi and problem behaviors among them through three pathways:psychological suzhi-security-problem behavior;psychological suzhi-security-loneliness-problem behavior;psychological suzhi-loneliness-problem behavior.The pathway of psychological suzhi-securityproblem behavior has the largest indirect effect value,that is,security plays a key mediating role between psychological suzhi and problem behaviors.
引文
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[14]王鑫强,张大均.心理素质与心理健康关系模型构建:对PTH和DFM的超越[J].西南大学学报(社会科学版),2012,38(6):67-74.
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[21]胡天强,张大均.中学生心理素质与抑郁的关系:自我服务归因偏向的中介作用[J].西南大学学报(社会科学版),2015,41(6):104-109.
[22]苏志强,张大均.8~12岁儿童心理素质与抑郁的关系:应对方式的中介作用[J].中国特殊教育,2015(2):72-77.
[23]陈万芬,潘彦谷,张大均,等.中学生心理素质与抑郁的关系:应对方式的中介作用[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(8):140-145.
[24]苏志强,王钢,刘传星,等.童年中晚期抑郁的发展及其与问题行为的并发:一项两年追踪研究[J].心理发展与教育,2018,34(2):200-209.
[25]冯正直,张大均,吴明霞.论学校心理素质教育的衔接[J].中国教育学刊,2002(3):48-51.
[26]张大均,邵景进,齐晓栋.论学生心理素质教育衔接的心理学依据[J].辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版),2005,28(5):55-58.
[27]孟海英,王艳芝,冯超.大学生心理安全感相关因素分析[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2007,11(39):7880-7883.
[28]HAWKLEY L C,CACIOPPO J T.Loneliness Matters:A Theoretical and Empirical Review of Consequences and Mechanisms[J].Annals of Behavioral Medicine,2010,40(2):218-227.
[29]LAUDER W,MUMMERY K,JONES M,et al.A Comparison of Health Behaviours in Lonely and Non-Lonely Populations[J].Psychology Health and Medicine,2006,11(2):233-245.
[30]AKERLIND I,HRNQUIST J O.Loneliness and Alcohol Abuse:A Review of Evidences of an Interplay[J].Social Science and Medicine,1992,34(4):405-414.
[31]师保国,徐玲,许晶晶.流动儿童幸福感、安全感及其与社会排斥的关系[J].心理科学,2009,32(6):1452-1454,1458.
[32]王明忠,周宗奎,范翠英,等.父母冲突对青少年社交焦虑的影响:序列中介效应分析[J].心理发展与教育,2013,29(2):166-173.
[33]朱相华,沈学武,杨永杰,等.神经症患者不安全感心理及其与儿童期虐待的关系[J].中国行为医学科学,2006,15(12):1087-1089.
[2] KARAMAN N G.Predicting the Problem Behavior in Adolescents[J].Eurasian Journal of Educational Research,2009,13(52):137-154.
[3]田澜,王仁芳,田祥杰.高中新生入学适应性焦虑及其缓解[J].教育探索,2005(11):77-78.
[4]武丽丽,张大均,张雪琪,等.中学生心理素质量表全国常模的制定[J].西南大学学报(社会科学版),2017,43(6):98-105.
[5]罗世兰,王智,张大均,等.幼儿心理素质与良好行为习惯、问题行为的关系[J].学前教育研究,2017(4):56-63.
[6] WU L L,ZHANG D J,CHENG G,et al.Parental Emotional Warmth and Psychological Suzhi as Mediators between Socioeconomic Status and Problem Behaviours in Chinese Children[J].Children and Youth Services Review,2015,59:132-138.
[7]张大均,王鑫强.心理健康与心理素质的关系:内涵结构分析[J].西南大学学报(社会科学版),2012,38(3):69-74.
[8]王贞.初中生社会支持、社会适应与孤独感的关系研究[D].桂林:广西师范大学,2017.
[9]李佳佳,张大均,刘广增,等.8~12岁儿童父母教养方式与同伴接纳:心理素质的中介作用[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(1):64-70.
[10]荣丹.农村留守儿童孤独感与行为问题的关系研究[J].中学英语之友·教育研究与实践,2008(10):25-28.
[11]韩斌.童年晚期儿童班级环境、情绪适应和攻击行为的关系[D].济南:山东师范大学,2011.
[12]安莉娟,丛中.安全感研究述评[J].中华行为医学科学,2003,12(6):698-699.
[13]亚伯拉罕·马斯洛.动机与人格[M].许金生,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007.
[14]王鑫强,张大均.心理素质与心理健康关系模型构建:对PTH和DFM的超越[J].西南大学学报(社会科学版),2012,38(6):67-74.
[15]张娟,梁英豪,苏志强,等.中学生心理素质与正性情绪的关系:情绪弹性的中介作用[J].中国特殊教育,2015(9):71-76.
[16]刘晓秋,陈亚萍.大学生攻击性与社会支持、安全感的相关性[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2014,22(4):628-630.
[17]高峰强,徐洁,任跃强,等.留守中学生羞怯与攻击的关系——孤独感的中介作用及安全感的调节作用[J].中国特殊教育,2016(4):60-65.
[18]黄月胜,郑希付,万晓红.初中留守儿童的安全感、行为问题及其关系的研究[J].中国特殊教育,2010(3):82-87.
[19]MOON S H.Relationship of Peer Relationships,Perceived Parental Rearing Attitudes,Self-Reported Attachment Security,to Loneliness in Upper Elementary School-Age Children[J].Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing,2009,39(3):401-408.
[20]LIU G Z,ZHANG D J,PAN Y G,et al.The Effect of Psychological Suzhi on Problem Behaviors in Chinese Adolescents:The Mediating Role of Subjective Social Status and Self-Esteem[J].Frontiers in Psychology,2017(8):1490.
[21]胡天强,张大均.中学生心理素质与抑郁的关系:自我服务归因偏向的中介作用[J].西南大学学报(社会科学版),2015,41(6):104-109.
[22]苏志强,张大均.8~12岁儿童心理素质与抑郁的关系:应对方式的中介作用[J].中国特殊教育,2015(2):72-77.
[23]陈万芬,潘彦谷,张大均,等.中学生心理素质与抑郁的关系:应对方式的中介作用[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(8):140-145.
[24]苏志强,王钢,刘传星,等.童年中晚期抑郁的发展及其与问题行为的并发:一项两年追踪研究[J].心理发展与教育,2018,34(2):200-209.
[25]冯正直,张大均,吴明霞.论学校心理素质教育的衔接[J].中国教育学刊,2002(3):48-51.
[26]张大均,邵景进,齐晓栋.论学生心理素质教育衔接的心理学依据[J].辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版),2005,28(5):55-58.
[27]孟海英,王艳芝,冯超.大学生心理安全感相关因素分析[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2007,11(39):7880-7883.
[28]HAWKLEY L C,CACIOPPO J T.Loneliness Matters:A Theoretical and Empirical Review of Consequences and Mechanisms[J].Annals of Behavioral Medicine,2010,40(2):218-227.
[29]LAUDER W,MUMMERY K,JONES M,et al.A Comparison of Health Behaviours in Lonely and Non-Lonely Populations[J].Psychology Health and Medicine,2006,11(2):233-245.
[30]AKERLIND I,HRNQUIST J O.Loneliness and Alcohol Abuse:A Review of Evidences of an Interplay[J].Social Science and Medicine,1992,34(4):405-414.
[31]师保国,徐玲,许晶晶.流动儿童幸福感、安全感及其与社会排斥的关系[J].心理科学,2009,32(6):1452-1454,1458.
[32]王明忠,周宗奎,范翠英,等.父母冲突对青少年社交焦虑的影响:序列中介效应分析[J].心理发展与教育,2013,29(2):166-173.
[33]朱相华,沈学武,杨永杰,等.神经症患者不安全感心理及其与儿童期虐待的关系[J].中国行为医学科学,2006,15(12):1087-1089.