大学生心理素质水平与正性负性情绪的外显和内隐相关
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摘要
为了解大学生心理素质水平与正性负性情绪之间的关系,采用问卷调查和实验验证分别从外显和内隐的层面对心理素质水平与正性负性情绪之间的关系进行了研究。研究一调查了6所高校1685名大学生,结果发现,心理素质水平与正性情绪显著正相关,与负性情绪显著负相关。研究二以71名大学生为被试,采用简式内隐联想测验考察不同心理素质水平大学生对积极和消极情绪的内隐态度。结果发现,高心理素质水平大学生存在自动化地把自我词和积极情绪词相联系,把他人词和消极情绪词相联系的倾向,高心理素质水平大学生有更强的内隐正性情绪态度。且内隐测验和外显测试的相关不显著,是两个不同的建构。
In order to understand the relationship between the psychological Suzhi and the positive and negative emotions of college students, the questionnaire and the experiment were used from the explicit and implicit level. In the first study, 1685 college students were investigated. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the level of psychological Suzhi and positive emotions, and negatively correlated with negative emotions. In the second study, with a total of 71 college students as subjects, the implicit attitude of positive and negative emotions of college students with different levels of psychological Suzhi was investigated by means of Brief Implicit Association Test. The results showed that the students with high level of psychological Suzhi had the tendency to associate the self-words with the positive emotional words automatically, and to associate the other-words with the negative ones, College students with high psychological Suzhi had stronger implicit positive emotion attitude. There is no significant correlation between implicit and explicit tests, they belong to different constructs.
In order to understand the relationship between the psychological Suzhi and the positive and negative emotions of college students, the questionnaire and the experiment were used from the explicit and implicit level. In the first study, 1685 college students were investigated. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the level of psychological Suzhi and positive emotions, and negatively correlated with negative emotions. In the second study, with a total of 71 college students as subjects, the implicit attitude of positive and negative emotions of college students with different levels of psychological Suzhi was investigated by means of Brief Implicit Association Test. The results showed that the students with high level of psychological Suzhi had the tendency to associate the self-words with the positive emotional words automatically, and to associate the other-words with the negative ones, College students with high psychological Suzhi had stronger implicit positive emotion attitude. There is no significant correlation between implicit and explicit tests, they belong to different constructs.
引文
陈翠.(2010).大学生愤怒情绪特征与心理健康的关系及其干预研究(硕士学位论文).济南:山东大学.
陈宁.(2014).大学生情绪预测倾向及对心理健康的影响.中国健康心理学杂志,22(1),134-136.
刘华山.(2001).心理健康概念与标准的再认识.心理科学,24(4),481,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-6981.2001.04.031.
沈德立,马惠霞.(2004).论心理健康素质.心理与行为研究,2(4),567-571.
宋广文,何云凤,丁琳,吕良成,周凯.(2013).有留守经历的中学生心理健康、心理弹性与主观幸福感的关系.中国特殊教育,(2),87-91,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3728.2013.02.017.
苏志强,张大均.(2015).8~12岁儿童心理素质与抑郁的关系:应对方式的中介作用.中国特殊教育,(2),72-77,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3728.2015.02.012.
张大均,王鑫强.(2012).心理健康与心理素质的关系:内涵结构分析.西南大学学报(社会科学版),38(3),69-74.
王鑫强.(2013).青少年心理素质与心理健康关系模型的理论构建及实证支持(博士学位论文).重庆:西南大学.
王振宏,吕薇,杜娟,王克静.(2011).大学生积极情绪与心理健康的关系:个人资源的中介效应.中国心理卫生杂志,25(7),521-527,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2011.07.010.
吴明隆.(2003).SPSS统计应用实务--问卷分析与应用统计.北京:北京科学出版社.
谢炳炎.(2006).大学生心理健康教育与指导.长沙:湖南大学出版社.
薛朝霞,梁执群,刘俊,陈伟,周海娜,温志光,倪伟.(2007).心理素质训练改善大学生情绪健康水平的近期效果评价.中国学校卫生,28(12),1079-1080,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9817.2007.12.017.
杨扬子,黄韫慧,施俊琦.(2008).中国消费者对本国/日本品牌的外显和内隐态度--内隐联想测验在来源国效应研究中的应用.营销科学学报,4(2),130-140.
余欣欣,吴素梅.(2010).大学生心理素质与主观幸福感:自尊的中介作用.广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),46(6),86-91,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-6597.2010.06.018.
张大均.(2012).青少年心理健康与心理素质培养的整合研究.心理科学,35(3),530-536.
张大均,苏志强,王鑫强.(2017).儿童青少年心理素质研究30年:回顾与展望.心理与行为研究,15(1),3-11,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-0628.2017.01.002.
张娟,梁英豪,苏志强,程刚,张大均.(2015).中学生心理素质与正性情绪的关系:情绪弹性的中介作用.中国特殊教育,(9),71-76,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3728.2015.09.011.
Bar-Anan,Y.,Nosek,B.A.(2014).A comparative investigation of seven indirect attitude measures.Behavior Research Methods,46(3),668-688,doi:10.3758/s13428-013-0410-6.
Cai,H.,Sriram,N.,Greenwald,A.G.,&McFarland,S.G.(2004).The implicit association test's D measure can minimize a cognitive skill confound:comment on McFarland and Crouch(2002).Social Cognition,22(6),673-684,doi:10.1521/soco.22.6.673.54821.
Fazio,R.H.,Sanbonmatsu,D.M.,Powell,M.C.,&Kardes,F.R.(1986).On the automatic activation of attitudes.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,50(2),229-238,doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.2.229.
Greenwald,A.G.,Nosek,B.A.,&Banaji,M.R.(2003).Understanding and using the implicit association test:I.An improved scoring algorithm.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,85(2),197-216,doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.197.
Koh,K.B.,Kim,D.K.,Kim,S.Y.,Park,J.K.,&Han,M.(2008).The relation between anger management style,mood and somatic symptoms in anxiety disorders and somatoform disorders.Psychiatry Research,160(3),372-379,doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.06.003.
Nosek,B.A.,Greenwald,A.G.,&Banaji,M.R.(2005).Understanding and using the implicit association test:II.Method variables and construct validity.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,31(2),166-180,doi:10.1177/0146167204271418.
Nosek,B.A.,Bar-Anan,Y.,Sriram,N.,Axt,J.,&Greenwald,A.G.(2014).Understanding and using the brief implicit association test:recommended scoring procedures.PLoS One,9(12),e110938,doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110938.
Sriram,N.,&Greenwald,A.G.(2009).The brief implicit association test.Experimental Psychology,56(4),283-294,doi:10.1027/1618-3169.56.4.283.
陈宁.(2014).大学生情绪预测倾向及对心理健康的影响.中国健康心理学杂志,22(1),134-136.
刘华山.(2001).心理健康概念与标准的再认识.心理科学,24(4),481,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-6981.2001.04.031.
沈德立,马惠霞.(2004).论心理健康素质.心理与行为研究,2(4),567-571.
宋广文,何云凤,丁琳,吕良成,周凯.(2013).有留守经历的中学生心理健康、心理弹性与主观幸福感的关系.中国特殊教育,(2),87-91,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3728.2013.02.017.
苏志强,张大均.(2015).8~12岁儿童心理素质与抑郁的关系:应对方式的中介作用.中国特殊教育,(2),72-77,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3728.2015.02.012.
张大均,王鑫强.(2012).心理健康与心理素质的关系:内涵结构分析.西南大学学报(社会科学版),38(3),69-74.
王鑫强.(2013).青少年心理素质与心理健康关系模型的理论构建及实证支持(博士学位论文).重庆:西南大学.
王振宏,吕薇,杜娟,王克静.(2011).大学生积极情绪与心理健康的关系:个人资源的中介效应.中国心理卫生杂志,25(7),521-527,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2011.07.010.
吴明隆.(2003).SPSS统计应用实务--问卷分析与应用统计.北京:北京科学出版社.
谢炳炎.(2006).大学生心理健康教育与指导.长沙:湖南大学出版社.
薛朝霞,梁执群,刘俊,陈伟,周海娜,温志光,倪伟.(2007).心理素质训练改善大学生情绪健康水平的近期效果评价.中国学校卫生,28(12),1079-1080,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-9817.2007.12.017.
杨扬子,黄韫慧,施俊琦.(2008).中国消费者对本国/日本品牌的外显和内隐态度--内隐联想测验在来源国效应研究中的应用.营销科学学报,4(2),130-140.
余欣欣,吴素梅.(2010).大学生心理素质与主观幸福感:自尊的中介作用.广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),46(6),86-91,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-6597.2010.06.018.
张大均.(2012).青少年心理健康与心理素质培养的整合研究.心理科学,35(3),530-536.
张大均,苏志强,王鑫强.(2017).儿童青少年心理素质研究30年:回顾与展望.心理与行为研究,15(1),3-11,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-0628.2017.01.002.
张娟,梁英豪,苏志强,程刚,张大均.(2015).中学生心理素质与正性情绪的关系:情绪弹性的中介作用.中国特殊教育,(9),71-76,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3728.2015.09.011.
Bar-Anan,Y.,Nosek,B.A.(2014).A comparative investigation of seven indirect attitude measures.Behavior Research Methods,46(3),668-688,doi:10.3758/s13428-013-0410-6.
Cai,H.,Sriram,N.,Greenwald,A.G.,&McFarland,S.G.(2004).The implicit association test's D measure can minimize a cognitive skill confound:comment on McFarland and Crouch(2002).Social Cognition,22(6),673-684,doi:10.1521/soco.22.6.673.54821.
Fazio,R.H.,Sanbonmatsu,D.M.,Powell,M.C.,&Kardes,F.R.(1986).On the automatic activation of attitudes.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,50(2),229-238,doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.2.229.
Greenwald,A.G.,Nosek,B.A.,&Banaji,M.R.(2003).Understanding and using the implicit association test:I.An improved scoring algorithm.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,85(2),197-216,doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.197.
Koh,K.B.,Kim,D.K.,Kim,S.Y.,Park,J.K.,&Han,M.(2008).The relation between anger management style,mood and somatic symptoms in anxiety disorders and somatoform disorders.Psychiatry Research,160(3),372-379,doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.06.003.
Nosek,B.A.,Greenwald,A.G.,&Banaji,M.R.(2005).Understanding and using the implicit association test:II.Method variables and construct validity.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,31(2),166-180,doi:10.1177/0146167204271418.
Nosek,B.A.,Bar-Anan,Y.,Sriram,N.,Axt,J.,&Greenwald,A.G.(2014).Understanding and using the brief implicit association test:recommended scoring procedures.PLoS One,9(12),e110938,doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110938.
Sriram,N.,&Greenwald,A.G.(2009).The brief implicit association test.Experimental Psychology,56(4),283-294,doi:10.1027/1618-3169.56.4.283.