顾及飞机姿态角的滩涂LiDAR强度数据修正法
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摘要
在深入分析现有机载激光雷达(light detection and ranging,LiDAR)强度修正算法在滩涂地区适用性的基础上,针对单纯利用激光入射角对滩涂LiDAR强度信息进行高光修正有可能造成强度修正中心位置偏移的问题,利用视点端的飞机姿态角对目标端的激光入射角进行精密校正,结合校正后的入射角和经典的Phong光照模型,提出了一种顾及飞机姿态角的滩涂LiDAR强度修正模型,通过对经典强度修正后的数据进行进一步的高光修正,定量补偿了强度修正中心的位置偏移量,实现了强度信息中高光现象的有效消除。在MATLAB平台下对方法的正确性和有效性进行了实验验证,结果表明,经由该方法修正后的强度信息具有更好的同质性,可显著提高地物分类的准确性。
Only by using the laser incidence angle to correct the intensity of shoaly land light detection and ranging(LiDAR) data, may cause the offset of the center of the intensity-corrected area. Therefore, an intensity correction method for shoaly land LiDAR in consideration of the attitude angles of the aircraft is proposed, based on the analysis of the existing LiDAR intensity correction method in the shoaly land area.The corrected incidence angle, which is obtained by precisely correcting the laser incidence angle at the target end according to the attitude angle at the viewpoint end, together with the classical Phong illumination model, is combined into our proposed method. After further highlight correction of the intensity data corrected by the classical intensity correction, the offset of the center of the intensity-corrected area is quantitively compensated, and the highlight of the intensity is effectively eliminated. The matrix laboratory platform is employed to validate the correctness and validity of the method. The results indicate that the intensity obtained by this method has better homogeneity, and the overall accuracy of the land-cover classification is improved significantly.
Only by using the laser incidence angle to correct the intensity of shoaly land light detection and ranging(LiDAR) data, may cause the offset of the center of the intensity-corrected area. Therefore, an intensity correction method for shoaly land LiDAR in consideration of the attitude angles of the aircraft is proposed, based on the analysis of the existing LiDAR intensity correction method in the shoaly land area.The corrected incidence angle, which is obtained by precisely correcting the laser incidence angle at the target end according to the attitude angle at the viewpoint end, together with the classical Phong illumination model, is combined into our proposed method. After further highlight correction of the intensity data corrected by the classical intensity correction, the offset of the center of the intensity-corrected area is quantitively compensated, and the highlight of the intensity is effectively eliminated. The matrix laboratory platform is employed to validate the correctness and validity of the method. The results indicate that the intensity obtained by this method has better homogeneity, and the overall accuracy of the land-cover classification is improved significantly.
引文
[1] Li Zhanqiao. The Application of Ocean Remote Sensing in Tidal Beach Dynamic Forecasting[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2008(李占桥.海洋遥感在潮滩动态预测中的应用[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008)
[2] Schmidt A,Rottensteiner F,Soergel U. Monitoring Concepts for Coastal Areas Using LiDAR Data[C].The International Archives of the Photogrammetry,Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,Strasbourg,France,2013
[3] Zhou Liangyong,Wang Weiwei,Gao Maosheng,et al. Monitoring the Tidal Topography of the North Yellow River Delta with LiDAR Data[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2016,35(10):1 661-1 668
[4] Liu Yongxue,Zhou Minxi,Zhao Saishuai,et al.Automated Extraction of Tidal Creeks from Airborne Laser Altimetry Data[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2015,527(32):1 006-1 020
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[7] Habib A F,Kersting A P,Shaker A,et al. Geometric Calibration and Radiometric Correction of LiDAR Data and Their Impact on the Quality of Derived Products[J]. Sensors,2011,11(9):9 069-9 097
[8] Starek M,Luzum B,Kumar R,et al. Normalizing LiDAR Intensities[R]//GEM Center Report No.Rep_2006-12-001. Gainesville:University of Florida,2006
[9] Ding Qiong,Chen Wu,King Bruce,et al. Combination of Overlap-Driven Adjustment and Phong Model for LiDAR Intensity Correction[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2013,75(1):40-47
[10] Poullain E,Garestier F,Levoy F,et al. Analysis of ALS Intensity Behavior as a Function of the Incidence Angle in Coastal Environments[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing,2016,9(1):313-325
[11] Tan Kai,Liu Kunbo,Cheng Xiaojun. An Empirical Method in Correcting Specular Highlight Phenomenon in TLS Intensity Data[J]. IEEE Access,2016,4:9 821-9 827
[12] Yi Piyuan,Man Wang,Tong Peng,et al. Calibration Algorithm and Object Tilt Angle Analysis and Calculation for LiDAR Intensity Data[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing,2016,20(4):610-619(伊丕源,满旺,童鹏,等.加入地物倾角分析的LiDAR回波强度校正[J].遥感学报,2016,20(4):610-619)
[13] Vain A,Kaasalainen S,Pyysalo U,et al. Use of Naturally Available Reference Targets to Calibrate Airborne Laser Scanning Intensity Data[J]. Sensors,2009,9(4):2 780-2 796
[14] Ahokas E,Kaasalainen S,Hyypp?J,et al. Calibration of the Optech ALTM 3100 Laser Scanner Intensity Data Using Brightness Targets[J]. International Archives of Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,2006,36:10-16
[15] Kaasalainen S,Hyyppa H,Kukko A,et al. Radiometric Calibration of LiDAR Intensity with Commercially Available Reference Targets[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2009,47(2):588-598
[16]Zhang Yongjun,Wu Lei,Lin Liwen,et al. Automatic Water Body Extraction Based on LiDAR Data and Aerial Images[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2010,35(8):936-940(张永军,吴磊,林立文,等.基于LiDAR数据和航空影像的水体自动提取[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2010,35(8):936-940)
[2] Schmidt A,Rottensteiner F,Soergel U. Monitoring Concepts for Coastal Areas Using LiDAR Data[C].The International Archives of the Photogrammetry,Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,Strasbourg,France,2013
[3] Zhou Liangyong,Wang Weiwei,Gao Maosheng,et al. Monitoring the Tidal Topography of the North Yellow River Delta with LiDAR Data[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2016,35(10):1 661-1 668
[4] Liu Yongxue,Zhou Minxi,Zhao Saishuai,et al.Automated Extraction of Tidal Creeks from Airborne Laser Altimetry Data[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2015,527(32):1 006-1 020
[5] Schubert J E,Gallien T W,Majd M S,et al. Terrestrial Laser Scanning of Anthropogenic Beach Berm Erosion and Overtopping[J]. Journal of Coastal Research,2015,31(1):47-60
[6] Yan W Y,Shaker A. Radiometric Correction and Normalization of Airborne LiDAR Intensity Data for Improving Land-Cover Classification[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2014,52(12):7 658-7 673
[7] Habib A F,Kersting A P,Shaker A,et al. Geometric Calibration and Radiometric Correction of LiDAR Data and Their Impact on the Quality of Derived Products[J]. Sensors,2011,11(9):9 069-9 097
[8] Starek M,Luzum B,Kumar R,et al. Normalizing LiDAR Intensities[R]//GEM Center Report No.Rep_2006-12-001. Gainesville:University of Florida,2006
[9] Ding Qiong,Chen Wu,King Bruce,et al. Combination of Overlap-Driven Adjustment and Phong Model for LiDAR Intensity Correction[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2013,75(1):40-47
[10] Poullain E,Garestier F,Levoy F,et al. Analysis of ALS Intensity Behavior as a Function of the Incidence Angle in Coastal Environments[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing,2016,9(1):313-325
[11] Tan Kai,Liu Kunbo,Cheng Xiaojun. An Empirical Method in Correcting Specular Highlight Phenomenon in TLS Intensity Data[J]. IEEE Access,2016,4:9 821-9 827
[12] Yi Piyuan,Man Wang,Tong Peng,et al. Calibration Algorithm and Object Tilt Angle Analysis and Calculation for LiDAR Intensity Data[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing,2016,20(4):610-619(伊丕源,满旺,童鹏,等.加入地物倾角分析的LiDAR回波强度校正[J].遥感学报,2016,20(4):610-619)
[13] Vain A,Kaasalainen S,Pyysalo U,et al. Use of Naturally Available Reference Targets to Calibrate Airborne Laser Scanning Intensity Data[J]. Sensors,2009,9(4):2 780-2 796
[14] Ahokas E,Kaasalainen S,Hyypp?J,et al. Calibration of the Optech ALTM 3100 Laser Scanner Intensity Data Using Brightness Targets[J]. International Archives of Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,2006,36:10-16
[15] Kaasalainen S,Hyyppa H,Kukko A,et al. Radiometric Calibration of LiDAR Intensity with Commercially Available Reference Targets[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2009,47(2):588-598
[16]Zhang Yongjun,Wu Lei,Lin Liwen,et al. Automatic Water Body Extraction Based on LiDAR Data and Aerial Images[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2010,35(8):936-940(张永军,吴磊,林立文,等.基于LiDAR数据和航空影像的水体自动提取[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2010,35(8):936-940)