国际旅游研究趋势特点与规律:基于1985—2015年Web of Science收录文献的分析
|
摘要
基于综合数据库对旅游研究进展进行文献梳理能够避免单类期刊主题的局限,更加客观全面地反映旅游学科的多学科交叉特征和实际。文章通过主题词筛选,对1985—2015年Web of Science数据库收录的25 591篇旅游研究文献进行了系统的文献计量分析。分析发现:(1)通过多年的发展,旅游已成为国际科学研究的重要领域,一些旅游研究领域的国际学术期刊成为旅游学科知识创新和传播的稳定载体;(2)旅游研究展现了鲜明的多学科交叉特征,研究领域与方法涉及社会科学和自然科学的各个范畴;(3)国际旅游研究呈现出以Wall G、Becken S、Nunkoo R、Rogerson C M和Saarinen J等为中心的作者合作群,以及以香港理工大学、澳大利亚格里菲斯大学、加拿大滑铁卢大学和英国萨里大学为中心的基本格局;(4)可持续旅游、乡村旅游等是过去30年旅游研究的热点主题,气候变化等国际科学热点在旅游研究领域体现充分,中国逐步成为旅游研究的热点区域。
Exploring the features and typical traits of global tourism research can help promote further progress in academic studies in this area. Such exploration can identify key areas of work, as well as under-researched areas, identify patterns and changes in modes of analysis, and contribute to the development of a history of this type of research. By this means, attention can be drawn to the work of key researchers. To date, many academics have classified and analyzed tourism research.Given that tourism activities have various relations with myriad areas—such as society, economy,and environment—multi-dimensional analyses of tourism studies are needed for the sake of better identifying multi-disciplinary perspectives, theories, and methods. Tourism studies therefore may involve not only a review of the typically recognized tourism journals, but also those in areas such as economics, anthropology, and geography. Existing studies of tourism bibliometrics mainly target welldefined tourism-related journals, but neglect tourism-related research results published in non-tourism journals, such as those in environmental science. A literature review based on a comprehensive database on tourism research progress can avoid the limitations tied with the focus of single-category journals, and more objectively and comprehensively reflect the multi-disciplinary characteristics and realities of tourism disciplines.As the source of data, the present study uses the Web of Science Core Collection, which includes databases such as SCI-Expanded, SSCI, A&HCI, CPCI, and BKCI. Based on the identified literature,this study selected "tourism", "leisure", "hospitality", and "recreation" as the search terms for retrieval, connected in the search with"or". A total of 45,368 articles were retrieved. Documents that apparently were irrelevant to the research topics were deleted. We read the title, abstract, and keywords of the articles in judging the articles' relevance for the study. Ultimately, 25,591 articles were selected to serve as the basis for this analysis.The present study, thus, reports findings from a bibliometric analysis of these 25,591 tourismrelated studies found in Web of Science for the years 1985–2015. The findings show the following.(1)Over these recent three decades, tourism research has occupied an important position in international scientific research. The number of published tourism studies has substantially increased, with increasing cross-referencing with other areas of academic research.(2) Tourism research demonstrates distinct multidisciplinary characteristics, and research areas and methods cover all areas of the social sciences and natural sciences.(3) There are relatively few prolific authors over the three decades,though quite recently, clusters of collaborative authors have emerged around Wall, Becken, Nunkoo,Rogerson, and Saarinen, in their respective areas of expertise. Specific institutions have emerged as leaders in terms of numbers of publication output; these include Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Griffith University(Australia), University of Waterloo(Canada), and University of Surrey(United Kingdom).(4) Sustainable tourism and rural tourism are topics that have attracted a great deal of attention in tourism research in the examined period. International scientific hot spots, such as climate change, are extensively reflected in the field of tourism research, and China has gradually become a hot spot for tourism research.
Exploring the features and typical traits of global tourism research can help promote further progress in academic studies in this area. Such exploration can identify key areas of work, as well as under-researched areas, identify patterns and changes in modes of analysis, and contribute to the development of a history of this type of research. By this means, attention can be drawn to the work of key researchers. To date, many academics have classified and analyzed tourism research.Given that tourism activities have various relations with myriad areas—such as society, economy,and environment—multi-dimensional analyses of tourism studies are needed for the sake of better identifying multi-disciplinary perspectives, theories, and methods. Tourism studies therefore may involve not only a review of the typically recognized tourism journals, but also those in areas such as economics, anthropology, and geography. Existing studies of tourism bibliometrics mainly target welldefined tourism-related journals, but neglect tourism-related research results published in non-tourism journals, such as those in environmental science. A literature review based on a comprehensive database on tourism research progress can avoid the limitations tied with the focus of single-category journals, and more objectively and comprehensively reflect the multi-disciplinary characteristics and realities of tourism disciplines.As the source of data, the present study uses the Web of Science Core Collection, which includes databases such as SCI-Expanded, SSCI, A&HCI, CPCI, and BKCI. Based on the identified literature,this study selected "tourism", "leisure", "hospitality", and "recreation" as the search terms for retrieval, connected in the search with"or". A total of 45,368 articles were retrieved. Documents that apparently were irrelevant to the research topics were deleted. We read the title, abstract, and keywords of the articles in judging the articles' relevance for the study. Ultimately, 25,591 articles were selected to serve as the basis for this analysis.The present study, thus, reports findings from a bibliometric analysis of these 25,591 tourismrelated studies found in Web of Science for the years 1985–2015. The findings show the following.(1)Over these recent three decades, tourism research has occupied an important position in international scientific research. The number of published tourism studies has substantially increased, with increasing cross-referencing with other areas of academic research.(2) Tourism research demonstrates distinct multidisciplinary characteristics, and research areas and methods cover all areas of the social sciences and natural sciences.(3) There are relatively few prolific authors over the three decades,though quite recently, clusters of collaborative authors have emerged around Wall, Becken, Nunkoo,Rogerson, and Saarinen, in their respective areas of expertise. Specific institutions have emerged as leaders in terms of numbers of publication output; these include Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Griffith University(Australia), University of Waterloo(Canada), and University of Surrey(United Kingdom).(4) Sustainable tourism and rural tourism are topics that have attracted a great deal of attention in tourism research in the examined period. International scientific hot spots, such as climate change, are extensively reflected in the field of tourism research, and China has gradually become a hot spot for tourism research.
引文
[1]LEIPER N.Towards a cohesive curriculum in tourism,The case for a distinct discipline[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1981,8(1):69-84.
[2]LEIPER N.An emerging discipline[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2000,27(3):805-809.
[3]TRIBE J.The indiscipline of tourism[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1997,24(3):638-657.
[4]TRIBE J.Indisciplined and unsubstantiated[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2000,27(3):809-813.
[5]Department of Personnel,Ministry of Culture and Tourism.2017 National tourism education training statistics[EB/OL].2018-04-19//2018-9-29.http://zwgk.mct.gov.cn/auto255/201804/t20180419_832575.html.2018-09-29.[文化和旅游部人事司.2017年全国旅游教育培训统计[EB/OL].2018-04-19/2018-9-29.http://zwgk.mct.gov.cn/auto255/201804/t20180419_832575.html.2018-09-29.]
[6]MA Bo.Investigation on logic and thought of upgrading tourism disciple[J].Tourism Tribune,2016,(10):25-32.[马波.旅游学科升格的理路探析[J].旅游学刊,2016,31(10):25-32.]
[7]LI Qiuyun,HAN Guosheng,ZHANG Aiping,et al.Bibliometric and content analysis of China's tourism geography research from1979 to 2012[J].Tourism Tribune,2014,29(9):110-119.[李秋云,韩国圣,张爱平,等.1979-2012年中国旅游地理学文献计量与内容分析[J].旅游学刊,2014,29(9):110-119.]
[8]SHELDON P J.An authorship analysis of tourism research[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1991,18(3):473-484.
[9]RYAN C.The ranking and rating of academics and journals in tourism research.[J].Tourism Management,2005,26(5):657-662.
[10]PARK K,Phillips W J,Canter D D,et al.Hospitality and tourism research rankings by author,university,and country using six major journals:The first decade of the new millennium[J].Journal of Hospitality&Tourism Research,2011,35(3):381-416.
[11]LU Lin.Analysis on the documents of tourism geography[J].Geographical Research,1997,16(2):105-112.[陆林.旅游地理文献分析[J].地理研究,1997,16(2):105-112.]
[12]PARK Jinah,WU Bihu,ALASTAIR M.MORRISON,et al.An integrated analysis of international tourism research patterns for the period of 2003-2012[J].Tourism Tribune,2015,30(7):108-118.[朴志娜,吴必虎,Alastair M.MORRISON,等.全球旅游研究格局的综合分析(2003-2012)[J].旅游学刊,2015,30(7):108-118.]
[13]LI Xingqun,ZHAO Weibing.Progress in international tourism research on China:Evidence from Annals of Tourism Research,Tourism Management and Journal of Travel Research[J].Tourism Tribune,2007,22(3):90-96.[李星群,赵伟兵.国外中国旅游研究进展--《Annals of Tourism Research》、《Tourism Management》和《Journal of Travel Research》研究述评[J].旅游学刊,2007,22(3):90-96.]
[14]WANG Degen,CHEN Tian,WANG Jinlian,et al.Comparison of domestic and overseas tourism research from 1980 to 2009[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(4):535-548.[汪德根,陈田,王金莲,等.1980-2009年国内外旅游研究比较[J].地理学报,2011,66(4):535-548.]
[15]DAI Xiangyi,TANG Chengcai,LIU Jiaming,et al.The status of heritage tourism studies in China:A literature metrological analysis based on chinese core journals[J].Tourism Tribune,2014,29(11):52-61.[戴湘毅,唐承财,刘家明,等.中国遗产旅游的研究态势--基于核心期刊的文献计量分析[J].旅游学刊,2014,29(11):52-61.]
[16]ZHENG Shanting,LU Lin,ZHANG Jinhe,et al.Overseas research progress of urban tourism for the last decade[J].Economic Geography,2006,26(4):686-692.[郑嬗婷,陆林,章锦河,等.近十年国外城市旅游研究进展[J].经济地理,2006,26(4):686-692.]
[17]LIU Yaping,PAN Liurong,LI Li,et al.The characteristics and development context of international research on tourism authenticity:Analysis of literature from SSCI journals based on scientometrics[J].Foreign Economics&Management,2015,37(4):84-96.[刘亚萍,潘柳榕,李丽,等.旅游原真性的国际研究特征及发展脉络--基于科学计量学方法对SSCI刊物上的文献分析[J].外国经济与管理,2015,37(4):84-96.]
[18]YU Zhiyuan,ZHOU Guangpeng,YOU Jiao.The progress and hotspots of international backpack tourism research[J].Tourism Science,2015,29(5):78-94.[余志远,周广鹏,游姣.国际背包旅游研究进展及热点分析[J].旅游科学,2015,29(5):78-94.]
[19]XIAO H G,SMITH S L J.The use of tourism knowledge:Research propositions[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2007,34(2):310-331.
[20]WEILER B,MOYLE B,MCLENNAN C L.Disciplines that influence tourism doctoral research:The United States,Canada,Australia and New Zealand[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2012,39(3):1425-1445.
[21]LIU Xingjian,ZHANG Liang,SONG Hong.Global biodiversity research during 1900-2009:A bibliometric analysis[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2011,20(4):807-826.
[2]LEIPER N.An emerging discipline[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2000,27(3):805-809.
[3]TRIBE J.The indiscipline of tourism[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1997,24(3):638-657.
[4]TRIBE J.Indisciplined and unsubstantiated[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2000,27(3):809-813.
[5]Department of Personnel,Ministry of Culture and Tourism.2017 National tourism education training statistics[EB/OL].2018-04-19//2018-9-29.http://zwgk.mct.gov.cn/auto255/201804/t20180419_832575.html.2018-09-29.[文化和旅游部人事司.2017年全国旅游教育培训统计[EB/OL].2018-04-19/2018-9-29.http://zwgk.mct.gov.cn/auto255/201804/t20180419_832575.html.2018-09-29.]
[6]MA Bo.Investigation on logic and thought of upgrading tourism disciple[J].Tourism Tribune,2016,(10):25-32.[马波.旅游学科升格的理路探析[J].旅游学刊,2016,31(10):25-32.]
[7]LI Qiuyun,HAN Guosheng,ZHANG Aiping,et al.Bibliometric and content analysis of China's tourism geography research from1979 to 2012[J].Tourism Tribune,2014,29(9):110-119.[李秋云,韩国圣,张爱平,等.1979-2012年中国旅游地理学文献计量与内容分析[J].旅游学刊,2014,29(9):110-119.]
[8]SHELDON P J.An authorship analysis of tourism research[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1991,18(3):473-484.
[9]RYAN C.The ranking and rating of academics and journals in tourism research.[J].Tourism Management,2005,26(5):657-662.
[10]PARK K,Phillips W J,Canter D D,et al.Hospitality and tourism research rankings by author,university,and country using six major journals:The first decade of the new millennium[J].Journal of Hospitality&Tourism Research,2011,35(3):381-416.
[11]LU Lin.Analysis on the documents of tourism geography[J].Geographical Research,1997,16(2):105-112.[陆林.旅游地理文献分析[J].地理研究,1997,16(2):105-112.]
[12]PARK Jinah,WU Bihu,ALASTAIR M.MORRISON,et al.An integrated analysis of international tourism research patterns for the period of 2003-2012[J].Tourism Tribune,2015,30(7):108-118.[朴志娜,吴必虎,Alastair M.MORRISON,等.全球旅游研究格局的综合分析(2003-2012)[J].旅游学刊,2015,30(7):108-118.]
[13]LI Xingqun,ZHAO Weibing.Progress in international tourism research on China:Evidence from Annals of Tourism Research,Tourism Management and Journal of Travel Research[J].Tourism Tribune,2007,22(3):90-96.[李星群,赵伟兵.国外中国旅游研究进展--《Annals of Tourism Research》、《Tourism Management》和《Journal of Travel Research》研究述评[J].旅游学刊,2007,22(3):90-96.]
[14]WANG Degen,CHEN Tian,WANG Jinlian,et al.Comparison of domestic and overseas tourism research from 1980 to 2009[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(4):535-548.[汪德根,陈田,王金莲,等.1980-2009年国内外旅游研究比较[J].地理学报,2011,66(4):535-548.]
[15]DAI Xiangyi,TANG Chengcai,LIU Jiaming,et al.The status of heritage tourism studies in China:A literature metrological analysis based on chinese core journals[J].Tourism Tribune,2014,29(11):52-61.[戴湘毅,唐承财,刘家明,等.中国遗产旅游的研究态势--基于核心期刊的文献计量分析[J].旅游学刊,2014,29(11):52-61.]
[16]ZHENG Shanting,LU Lin,ZHANG Jinhe,et al.Overseas research progress of urban tourism for the last decade[J].Economic Geography,2006,26(4):686-692.[郑嬗婷,陆林,章锦河,等.近十年国外城市旅游研究进展[J].经济地理,2006,26(4):686-692.]
[17]LIU Yaping,PAN Liurong,LI Li,et al.The characteristics and development context of international research on tourism authenticity:Analysis of literature from SSCI journals based on scientometrics[J].Foreign Economics&Management,2015,37(4):84-96.[刘亚萍,潘柳榕,李丽,等.旅游原真性的国际研究特征及发展脉络--基于科学计量学方法对SSCI刊物上的文献分析[J].外国经济与管理,2015,37(4):84-96.]
[18]YU Zhiyuan,ZHOU Guangpeng,YOU Jiao.The progress and hotspots of international backpack tourism research[J].Tourism Science,2015,29(5):78-94.[余志远,周广鹏,游姣.国际背包旅游研究进展及热点分析[J].旅游科学,2015,29(5):78-94.]
[19]XIAO H G,SMITH S L J.The use of tourism knowledge:Research propositions[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2007,34(2):310-331.
[20]WEILER B,MOYLE B,MCLENNAN C L.Disciplines that influence tourism doctoral research:The United States,Canada,Australia and New Zealand[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2012,39(3):1425-1445.
[21]LIU Xingjian,ZHANG Liang,SONG Hong.Global biodiversity research during 1900-2009:A bibliometric analysis[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2011,20(4):807-826.