某汽车厂总装车间场地污染特征分析和修复建议
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摘要
以江苏某汽车厂总装车间场地为研究对象,对其土壤和地下水进行调查,采集了0～6.0 m深度的243个土样以及4个地下水样,检测了总石油烃、重金属、挥发性有机物和半挥发性有机物的含量,并研究了它们在车间内土壤和地下水中的分布特征。结果表明:(1)该总装车间土壤污染比较严重,主要集中在东北部、中部和西南部,污染物在空间上的分布有明显差异,而地下水几乎未受污染;(2)土壤中的典型污染物为总石油烃(C_(15)-C_(28))、苯并[a]芘、苯并[a]蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、二苯并[a,h]蒽和重金属砷,可能来源于清洗汽车零部件过程中渗入土壤的含油、含重金属混合废水;(3)车间内的污染物基本集中在0～0.5 m的浅层土壤,随土层深度增加及其性质改变,总石油烃和多环芳烃的浓度逐渐减小,砷的分布因受外在因素影响而在垂直方向上无明显规律。依据《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB36600–2018)等标准对该场地进行评估:车间内多环芳烃、总石油烃和重金属砷含量均超出商住用地筛选值,点位超标率达18.5%,存在较大风险。结合调查数据和后续利用规划,该场地可以选用化学-植物联合法进行修复。
The soil and groundwater at a land where the final assembly workshop of an automobile manufacturing plant located previously in Jiangsu province were investigated by collecting 243 soil samples and 4 groundwater samples. The concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPHs), heavy metals, volatile organic compounds(VOCs), and semivolatile organic compounds(SVOCs) in these samples were determined. The distributions of various pollutants in the soil and groundwater were studied. The results showed that soil pollution is serious and the pollutants are mainly concentrated in northeast, central, and southwest, showing an nonuniform spatial distribution. However, the groundwater is almost uncontaminated. The typical pollutants in the soil are TPHs(C_(15)-C_(28)), PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, and arsenic(a heavy metal), which may come from the wastewater containing oil and heavy metals infiltrated into the soil during the cleaning of automotive parts. The pollutants in the workshop are basically concentrated in the shallow soil in the depth of 0-0.5 m. With the change of soil properties and the increase of soil depth, The concentrations of TPHs and PAHs are gradually decreased with the increasing of soil depth where the properties of soil are also changed. The distribution of arsenic is affected by external factors, and has no obvious rule in the vertical direction. The pollution risk of the land was evaluated according to the Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Development Land(Trail Version)(GB 36600-2018) and other standards. The contents of PAHs, TPHs, and arsenic in the workshop are higher than the intervention values of commercial and residential land at 18.5% of the sampling sites, indicating a quite high environmental risk. The combination of chemical remediation and phytoremediation was recommended for this land based on the investigation data and subsequent utilization planning.
The soil and groundwater at a land where the final assembly workshop of an automobile manufacturing plant located previously in Jiangsu province were investigated by collecting 243 soil samples and 4 groundwater samples. The concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPHs), heavy metals, volatile organic compounds(VOCs), and semivolatile organic compounds(SVOCs) in these samples were determined. The distributions of various pollutants in the soil and groundwater were studied. The results showed that soil pollution is serious and the pollutants are mainly concentrated in northeast, central, and southwest, showing an nonuniform spatial distribution. However, the groundwater is almost uncontaminated. The typical pollutants in the soil are TPHs(C_(15)-C_(28)), PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, and arsenic(a heavy metal), which may come from the wastewater containing oil and heavy metals infiltrated into the soil during the cleaning of automotive parts. The pollutants in the workshop are basically concentrated in the shallow soil in the depth of 0-0.5 m. With the change of soil properties and the increase of soil depth, The concentrations of TPHs and PAHs are gradually decreased with the increasing of soil depth where the properties of soil are also changed. The distribution of arsenic is affected by external factors, and has no obvious rule in the vertical direction. The pollution risk of the land was evaluated according to the Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Development Land(Trail Version)(GB 36600-2018) and other standards. The contents of PAHs, TPHs, and arsenic in the workshop are higher than the intervention values of commercial and residential land at 18.5% of the sampling sites, indicating a quite high environmental risk. The combination of chemical remediation and phytoremediation was recommended for this land based on the investigation data and subsequent utilization planning.
引文
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[2]董璟琦,张红振,吴舜泽,等.西部某机械加工企业酸洗场地环境调查与污染特征分析[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(9):5222-5230.
[3]陈维墉,陈婕,胡林潮,等.某大型汽车厂涂装车间搬迁遗留场地的污染特征分析[J].电镀与涂饰,2019,38(4):181-186.
[4]冯维熹.美国的ASTM标准[J].材料工程,1998,26(11):47-48.
[5]白庆中,宋燕光,王晖.有机物对重金属在粘土中吸附行为的影响[J].环境科学,2000,21(5):64-67.
[6]SWARTJES F A,RUTGERS A,LIJZEN J P A,et al.State of the art of contaminated site management in the Netherlands:policy framework and risk assessment tools[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,427/428:1-10.
[7]LIJZEN J P A,BAARS A J,CROMMENTUIJN,et al.Herziening interventiewaarde lood:evaluatie van de afleiding van de interventiewaarde grond/sediment en grondwater[R/OL].Bilthoven:Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu.1999.(2000-06-05)[2019-03-21].https://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/711701013.pdf.LIJZEN J P A,BAARS A J,CROMMENTUIJN G H,et al.Revision of the Intervention value for lead;evaluation of the intervention values derived for soil/sediment and groundwater[R/OL].Bilthoven:Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment,1999.(2000-06-05)[2019-03-21].https://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/711701013.pdf.
[8]吴志能,谢苗苗,王莹莹.我国复合污染土壤修复研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(12):2250-2259.
[9]SINGH A,PRASAD S M.Remediation of heavy metal contaminated ecosystem:an overview on technology advancement[J].International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,2015,12(1):353-366.
[10]刘琼枝,廖晓勇,李尤,等.天然有机物活化过硫酸盐降解土壤有机污染物效果[J].环境科学,2018,39(10):4752-4758.
[11]陈寻峰.砷污染土壤淋洗修复技术研究[D].2016,长沙:湖南大学.
[12]唐敏,张焕祯,李亮.砷污染土壤柠檬酸萃取修复技术研究[J].环境污染与防治,2010,32(12):31-34,58.
[13]MUKHOPADHYAY S,HASHIM M A,ALLEN M,et al.Arsenic removal from soil with high iron content using a natural surfactant and phosphate[J].International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,2015,12(2):617-632.
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