天台宗影响下的中国国清寺和日本延历寺历史变迁与景观特征之异同
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摘要
天台宗作为佛教中国化的第一个宗派,对中日佛教的发展起着关键作用。中国天台山的国清寺和日本比叡山的延历寺正是在其思想影响下建成的,由于起始于同一思想宗派,因此在漫长的历史变迁中,两者既存在联系,又有所区别。通过查阅大量古书典籍,对国清寺和延历寺从建立、发展、兴衰到当今繁荣的历史变迁过程进行了归纳总结和分析比较,分析了国清寺和延历寺在景观特征方面的异同点,希望通过对二者历史变迁和景观特征方面异同点的分析,为今后佛寺园林景观的传播提供参考和借鉴。
Tiantai sect, as the first chinization Buddhism sect, plays a key role in the development of Chinese and Japanese Buddhism.Guoqing Temple and Enryakuji established under its influence.Because they rooted in the same sect, there are connections and differences in the process of long historical changes. The paper refers a large number of ancient books to summarize the process of historical changes of Guoqing Temple and Enryakuji from the establishment, development, the rise and fall and today's prosperity and make an analysis and comparison, and then, analyses the differences between landscape characteristics of Guoqing Temple and Enryakuji. Through the analysis of the similarities and differences of the historical changes and landscape characteristics of Guoqing Temple and Enryakuji, it is hoped to provide reference for the spread of buddhist temple landscape.
Tiantai sect, as the first chinization Buddhism sect, plays a key role in the development of Chinese and Japanese Buddhism.Guoqing Temple and Enryakuji established under its influence.Because they rooted in the same sect, there are connections and differences in the process of long historical changes. The paper refers a large number of ancient books to summarize the process of historical changes of Guoqing Temple and Enryakuji from the establishment, development, the rise and fall and today's prosperity and make an analysis and comparison, and then, analyses the differences between landscape characteristics of Guoqing Temple and Enryakuji. Through the analysis of the similarities and differences of the historical changes and landscape characteristics of Guoqing Temple and Enryakuji, it is hoped to provide reference for the spread of buddhist temple landscape.
引文
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[15]周维权.中国古典园林史[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2010.
[16]郑先友,李若琛.浅析中日寺院之异同[J].合肥工业大学学报,2008(2):134-136.
[17]海野聡,うんのさとし,UnnoS atosh.比叡山延暦寺建造物にみる意匠の特殊性と古材利用[J].奈良文化財研究所年報,2012(6):36-37.
[18](明)传灯.天台山方外志:卷二十八[M].台北:丹青图书公司,1985.
[2](清)张联元.天台山全志[M]//绩修四库全书:卷六.上海:上海古籍出版社,2003.
[3]朱封鳌.天台山佛教史[M].北京:宗教文化出版社,2012.
[4]可潜.国清寺的创建[J].佛学研究,2010(期数不详):319-327.
[5]丁天魁.国清寺志[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,1995.
[6]卢秀灿,周琦.天台山与日本文化交流[J].东南文化,1990(6):204-222.
[7]岡野浩二,オカノコウジ,Okano Koji.延暦寺諸院記録の生成事情[J].Journal of Historical Studies,2016(12):1-34.
[8]国立文化財機構奈良文化財研究所.比叡山延暦寺建造物総合調査報告書[M].奈良:国立文化財機構奈良文化財研究所,2013.
[9]海野聡,うんのさとし,UnnoS atosh.比叡山延暦寺の近世·近代における伽藍の新陳代謝[J].奈良文化財研究所紀要,2013(6):18-19.
[10]何晓昕.风水探源[M].南京:东南大学出版社,1990.
[11]郭康,庄永年,王春英.风水理论对人文景观的影响[J].地理与地理信息科学,1993,9(2):53-58.
[12]葛如亮.天台山国清寺建筑[J].同济大学学报,1979(4):10-22.
[13]邓磷曦.国清寺寺庙园林植物造景研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2013:48.
[14]任林豪,陈公余.天台山国清寺建筑概说[J].东南文化,1990(6):143-148.
[15]周维权.中国古典园林史[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2010.
[16]郑先友,李若琛.浅析中日寺院之异同[J].合肥工业大学学报,2008(2):134-136.
[17]海野聡,うんのさとし,UnnoS atosh.比叡山延暦寺建造物にみる意匠の特殊性と古材利用[J].奈良文化財研究所年報,2012(6):36-37.
[18](明)传灯.天台山方外志:卷二十八[M].台北:丹青图书公司,1985.