非均衡治理模式:治理理论的西方流变及中国语境的本土化
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摘要
治理理论已成为现阶段公共管理学科领域中最为重要的前沿理论之一,其使用范围从社区、城市逐步扩展至国家乃至全球。本文首先比较了西方语境下自由主义、国家主义、社群主义三大意识形态治理思想,并分析了其与中文语境下的治理理论联系与差异。进而重点诠释了治理理论在中国语境下的本土化过程及其背后的逻辑,分析了我国治理理论沿着"古代治理思想—社会治安综合治理—社会管理—社会治理—国家治理"发展的路径及逻辑。并提出在党的十九大后,中国的治理话语体系已经逐渐发展为一种相对稳定的本土化的"党全面领导下的非均衡性治理模式"且制度化水平稳步提高。当下国家治理体系理论虽已初步达到相对稳定的本土化状态,但距离全面成熟还需机制、政策和文化等层面的深层次本土化,只有从深层次推进治理理论的本土化,才能为中国国家治理现代化提供本土化的理论指导。
In the field of today's public administration study, the theory of governance has become one of the most prominent frontier theories which has been expanded from community, city to the state and even to the world. This paper has compared and analyzed various governance thoughts based on liberalism, nationalism, and communitarianism, and made a comparison of the governance theory under the western and Chinese context. In addition, it traced the developmental track along with "ancient governance thoughts—comprehensive governance for public security— social administration— social governance— national governance", and summarized today's governance mode as a more stabilized and highly institutionalized "non-equilibrium governance under the leadership of CCP". Finally, it stressed that Chinese-style governance mode should focus on its specific mechanism, policy design and governance culture building so that it can be defined as a good example for others to learn from.
In the field of today's public administration study, the theory of governance has become one of the most prominent frontier theories which has been expanded from community, city to the state and even to the world. This paper has compared and analyzed various governance thoughts based on liberalism, nationalism, and communitarianism, and made a comparison of the governance theory under the western and Chinese context. In addition, it traced the developmental track along with "ancient governance thoughts—comprehensive governance for public security— social administration— social governance— national governance", and summarized today's governance mode as a more stabilized and highly institutionalized "non-equilibrium governance under the leadership of CCP". Finally, it stressed that Chinese-style governance mode should focus on its specific mechanism, policy design and governance culture building so that it can be defined as a good example for others to learn from.
引文
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[37]Kaufmann,D.,Kraay,A.,Zoido,P.Governance matters.World Bank Policy Research Working Paper,Washington.DC.1999.
[2]Richard S.F.Eell.The meaning of Morden Business:An Introduction to the Philosophy of Large Corporate Enterprise.New York:Columbia University Press,1960.108;Becht,M.,Bolton,P.&Roell,A.Corporate Law and Governance,Handbook of Law and Economics.London:Elsevier,2007.834.
[3]Mises V.L.Omnipotent Government:The Rise of the Total State and Total War.Yale:Yale University Press,1974.79-81.
[4]Osborne,D.,Gaebler,T.Reinventing Government:How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector.New York:Plume,1993.121.
[5]Green,T.H.Liberal Legislation and Freedom of Contract,Works of T.H.Green.London:Longmans,1888.370-377,382-386.
[6]Hindustan Times.Minimum Government,Maximum Governance:A manifesto for a limited state.New Delhi:HT Media Ltd,2016.36.
[7]Rosenau,J.N.&Czempiel,Ernst-Otto.Governance without Government.New York:Cambridge University Press,1992.142.
[8]Evans,P.B.,Rueschemeyer,D.Bringing the State Back In.London:Cambridge University Press,1985.181.
[9]Tilly,C.Coercion,Capital and European States,A.D.990-1990.New Jersey:Wiley-Blackwell,1993.57.
[10]Francis Fukuyama.What is Governance.Governance:An International Journal of Policy,Administration and Institutions,2013(26).
[11]Samuelson,P.Foundations of economic analysis.Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1950.190.
[12]Stiglitz,J.E.Economics of the Public Sector(Third Edition).New York:W.W.Norton&Company,2000.89.
[13]Frederickson,H.G.The Spirit of Public Administration(Jossey-Bass Public Administration).New York:Jossey-Bass,1996.79-81.
[14]Michael,J.,Sandel.Liberalism and the Limits of Justice(and the Limits of Justice).Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1998.149.
[15]Denhardt,J.V.&Denhardt,R.B.The New Public Service:Serving,Not Steering.New York:M.E.Sharpe,2002.91.
[16]中国汉语大辞典编辑委员会、汉语大辞典编纂处.汉语大辞典[M].北京:汉语大辞典出版社,1990.1126-1127.
[17]韩伟.明代法家思想及其当代价值[J].理论探索,2017(1).
[18]林乐知,范祎.英人治理印度(下篇)[J].万国公报,1906;海德生.治理苏州河入手计划摘要译件[M].上海:浚浦总局,1919.1;安国明.浅谈高校治安综合治理[J].高教研究,1982;国家工商总局关于印发〈2012年流通环节食品安全治理整顿工作方案〉的通知[Z].1920-12-04;国内紧要新闻:治理西藏之政策[Z].1909.00.00.
[19]肖金明.社会治安综合治理法治研究[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2015.36.
[20]李鹏.国务院召开“加强廉政建设,纠正行业不正之风”的电话会议[EB/OL].http://www.gov.cn/zfjs/2008-12/24/content_1186049.htm.
[21]邓小平.十一届三中全会闭幕式上讲话[R].1978.
[22]胡耀邦.十二届全国代表大会上的报告[R].1982.
[23]中共中央关于建立社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定[R].中共十四届三中全会中,1993.
[24]李鹏.继续加强和改善宏观调控,确保明年国民经济持续、快速、健康发展[R].中央经济工作会议,1994;朱镕基.统一认识,协调步伐[R].中央经济工作会议,1994.
[25]中共中央文献研究室.十六大以来重要文献选编(中)[M].北京:中央文献出版社,2006.167.
[26]俞可平.论国家治理现代化[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2014.89.
[27]胡锦涛.扎扎实实提高社会管理科学化水平[R].省部级主要领导干部社会管理及其创新专题研讨班,2011.
[28]康晓光,韩恒.行政吸纳社会--当前中国大陆国家与社会关系再研究[J].中国社会科学:英文版,2007(2).
[29]中共十九届中央委员会第三次全体会议公报[R],2018.
[30]马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集(第2卷)[C].北京:人民出版社,1999.32,693,22.
[31]中共十八届中央委员会第三次全体会议公报[R],2015.
[32][34]习近平.中共十九次全国代表大会上的报告[R],2017.
[33]习近平.完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度,推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化[R].省部级领导学习班,2014.
[35]Ramo,J.C.The Beijing Consensus.London:Foreign Policy Centre,2004.
[36]王绍光.治理研究:正本清源[J].开放时代,2018(2).
[37]Kaufmann,D.,Kraay,A.,Zoido,P.Governance matters.World Bank Policy Research Working Paper,Washington.DC.1999.