双定子笼障转子无刷双馈发电机冷却空气流变特性数值分析
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摘要
双定子笼障转子无刷双馈发电机(DSCBR-BDFG)采用了背靠背笼障转子以及双定子结构,因此其具有磁场耦合能力强、功率密度高、容错性能好等优势。针对该发电机结构复杂、散热困难、额定运行时局部温升较高的问题,研究通风结构内部冷却空气的流变特性对发电机冷却系统优化设计具有重要意义。以一台50kWDSCBR-BDFG样机为研究对象,阐述了该发电机的机械结构、绕组联结方式以及励磁控制系统,分别建立内外流体区域的三维物理模型和数学模型,给出边界条件和基本假设,根据流体力学理论,采用有限体积法对其湍流控制方程进行数值求解,得到了发电机内部空间不同位置的空气流速、流量以及迹线等空间分布特点,并对其进行详细分析。通过研究揭示了DSCBR-BDFG内部冷却介质流变特性的分布规律,为后续对该发电机通风冷却结构的优化设计提供依据。
Double stator cage-barrier rotor brushless doubly-fed generator(DSCBR-BDFG) has unique advantages of strong magnetic coupling ability, high power density and good fault-tolerant performance because of using back-to-back cage-barrier rotor and double stator structure. The local temperature rise of this type of generator is higher at the rated operation due to poor heat dissipation and complicated structure. Therefore, it is significant to research the cooling air flow characteristics in the ventilating structure for cooling system optimization design. The mechanical structure, winding connection mode and excitation control system of a 50 kW DSCBR-BDFG prototype are expatiated. 3-D physical model including the internal and external fluid regions and mathematical model are established respectively. Then a few basic assumptions and boundary conditions are given and the turbulence control equations are solved numerically by finite volume method based on the fluid mechanics theory. The spatial distribution characteristics about the air velocity, fluid flow and path line are analyzed in detail. The research shows the distribution rules of internal cooling medium rheological properties of DSCBR-BDFG. It provides the basis to optimize the ventilated cooling structure subsequently.
Double stator cage-barrier rotor brushless doubly-fed generator(DSCBR-BDFG) has unique advantages of strong magnetic coupling ability, high power density and good fault-tolerant performance because of using back-to-back cage-barrier rotor and double stator structure. The local temperature rise of this type of generator is higher at the rated operation due to poor heat dissipation and complicated structure. Therefore, it is significant to research the cooling air flow characteristics in the ventilating structure for cooling system optimization design. The mechanical structure, winding connection mode and excitation control system of a 50 kW DSCBR-BDFG prototype are expatiated. 3-D physical model including the internal and external fluid regions and mathematical model are established respectively. Then a few basic assumptions and boundary conditions are given and the turbulence control equations are solved numerically by finite volume method based on the fluid mechanics theory. The spatial distribution characteristics about the air velocity, fluid flow and path line are analyzed in detail. The research shows the distribution rules of internal cooling medium rheological properties of DSCBR-BDFG. It provides the basis to optimize the ventilated cooling structure subsequently.
引文
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[14]张凤阁,王秀平,于思洋,等.不同转子结构无刷双馈电动机转子耦合能力与运行性能的对比分析与实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(10):2816-2826.Zhang Fengge,Wang Xiuping,Yu Siyang,et al.Comparative analysis and experamental research of coupling capability and operating characteristics for brushless doubly fed motors with different rotor structures[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(10):2816-2826.
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[19]张志强,戈宝军,吕艳玲,等.双馈异步发电机通风冷却综合计算[J].电机与控制学报,2012,16(4):36-42.Zhang Zhiqiang,Ge Baojun,LüYanling,et al.Comprehensive calculation on ventilation and cooling of doubly-fed induction generator[J].Electric Machines and Control,2012,16(4):36-42.
[20]路义萍,丰帆,孙明琦,等.同步电机定子与气隙流场数值计算与分析[J].电机与控制学报,2011,15(8):47-51.Lu Yiping,Feng Fan,Sun Mingqi,et al.Numerical calculation and analysis of fluid flow field of stator and air-gap of a synchronous machine[J].Electric Machines and Control,2011,15(8):47-51.
[21]陶文铨.数值传热学[M].2版.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001.
[22]戈宝军,张志强,陶大军,等.轴向通风双馈异步发电机的温度场计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(21):86-92.Ge Baojun,Zhang Zhiqiang,Tao Dajun,et al.Thermal field calculation for doubly-fed induction generators with axial direction cooling systems[J].Proceeding of the CSEE,2012,32(21):86-92.
[2]Xiong Fei,Wang Xuefan.Design of a low-harmoniccontent wound rotor for the brushless doubly fed generator[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2014,29(1):158-168.
[3]Gorginpour H,Oraee H,McMahon R A.Electromagnetic-thermal design optimization of the brushless doubly fed induction generator[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(4):1710-1721.
[4]程明,韩鹏,魏新迟.无刷双馈风力发电机的设计、分析与控制[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(19):37-53.Cheng Ming,Han Peng,Wei Xinchi.Design,analysis and control of brushless doubly-fed generators for wind power application[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Socity,2016,31(19):37-53.
[5]邓先明,姜建国,伍小杰,等.笼型转子无刷双馈电机的无功功率和稳定性[J].电工技术学报,2008,23(1):40-47.Deng Xianming,Jiang Jianguo,Wu Xiaojie,et al.Reactive power and stability of brushless doubly-fed machine with cage rotor[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2008,23(1):40-47.
[6]杜江,韩力,欧先鹏,等.笼型转子无刷双馈电机异步运行模式的实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3964-3972.Du Jiang,Han Li,Ou Xianpeng,et al.Experimental study of brushless doubly-fed machine with cage rotor at the asynchronous operation mode[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(14):3964-3972.
[7]欧先朋,韩力,韩雪峰,等.两种不同笼型转子结构无刷双馈电机的稳态运行性能对比[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(23):61-71.Ou Xianpeng,Han Li,Han Xuefeng,et al.Comparison of steady state operating performances on brushless doubly-fed machine with two different cage rotors[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(23):61-71.
[8]雄飞,王雪帆,张经纬,等.绕线转子无刷双馈电机的链型等效电路模型[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(2):15-21.Xiong Fei,Wang Xuefan,Zhang Jingwei,et al.Chain equivalent circuit model of wound-rotor brushless doubly-fed machine[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(2):15-21.
[9]雄飞,王雪帆,程源.不等匝线圈转子结构的无刷双馈电机研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(36):82-88.Xiong Fei,Wang Xuefan,Cheng Yuan.Studies of brushless doubly-fed machines with an unequal-turn coil rotor structure[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(36):82-88.
[10]张岳,王凤祥,邢军强,等.磁障转子无刷双馈电机[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(7):49-54.Zhang Yue,Wang Fengxiang,Xing Junqiang,et al.Brushless doubly-fed machine with magnetic barrier rotor[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(7):49-54.
[11]刘慧娟,Longya Xu.一种径向叠片磁障式转子双馈无刷电机的设计与性能分析[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(7):55-62.Liu Huijuan,Longya Xu.Design and performance analysis of a doubly excited brushless machine with radially laminated magnetic barrier rotor[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(7):55-62.
[12]黄长喜,阚超豪,任泰安,等.磁阻式无刷双馈电机的转子结构及其性能分析[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(增刊2):26-33.Huang Changxi,Kan Chaohao,Ren Taian,et al.Performance analysis on brushless doubly-fed motor with reluctance rotor[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(S2):26-33.
[13]张凤阁,王秀平,贾广隆,等.无刷双馈电机复合转子结构参数的优化设计[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(1):77-84.Zhang Fengge,Wang Xiuping,Jia Guanglong,et al.Optimum design for composite rotor structural parameters of brushless doubly fed machines[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(1):77-84.
[14]张凤阁,王秀平,于思洋,等.不同转子结构无刷双馈电动机转子耦合能力与运行性能的对比分析与实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(10):2816-2826.Zhang Fengge,Wang Xiuping,Yu Siyang,et al.Comparative analysis and experamental research of coupling capability and operating characteristics for brushless doubly fed motors with different rotor structures[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(10):2816-2826.
[15]Nakahama T,Suzuki K,Hashidume S,et al.Cooling airflow in unidirectional ventilated open-type motor for electric vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy conversion,2006,21(3):645-651.
[16]丁树业,王海涛,郭保成,等.50kW永磁同步电机内流体流动特性数值研究[J].电机与控制学报,2014,18(9):30-36.Ding Shuye,Wang Haitao,Guo Baocheng,et al.Numerical investigation of fluid flow characteristics for 50kW permanent magnet synchronous motor[J].Electric Machines and Control,2014,18(9):30-36.
[17]丁树业,葛云中,徐殿国,等.1.5MW双馈风力发电机内流体分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(21):93-98.Ding Shuye,Ge Yunzhong,Xu Dianguo,et al.Analysis of fluid field inside a 1.5MW doubly-fed wind generator[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(21):93-98.
[18]丁树业,郭保成,孙兆琼.永磁风力发电机通风结构优化及性能分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(9):122-128.Ding Shuye,Guo Baocheng,Sun Zhaoqiong.Ventilation structure optimization and performance analysis of permanent magnet wind generators[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(9):122-128.
[19]张志强,戈宝军,吕艳玲,等.双馈异步发电机通风冷却综合计算[J].电机与控制学报,2012,16(4):36-42.Zhang Zhiqiang,Ge Baojun,LüYanling,et al.Comprehensive calculation on ventilation and cooling of doubly-fed induction generator[J].Electric Machines and Control,2012,16(4):36-42.
[20]路义萍,丰帆,孙明琦,等.同步电机定子与气隙流场数值计算与分析[J].电机与控制学报,2011,15(8):47-51.Lu Yiping,Feng Fan,Sun Mingqi,et al.Numerical calculation and analysis of fluid flow field of stator and air-gap of a synchronous machine[J].Electric Machines and Control,2011,15(8):47-51.
[21]陶文铨.数值传热学[M].2版.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001.
[22]戈宝军,张志强,陶大军,等.轴向通风双馈异步发电机的温度场计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(21):86-92.Ge Baojun,Zhang Zhiqiang,Tao Dajun,et al.Thermal field calculation for doubly-fed induction generators with axial direction cooling systems[J].Proceeding of the CSEE,2012,32(21):86-92.