西准噶尔南部石炭纪地层层序及古地理演化
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摘要
西准噶尔南部石炭系希贝库拉斯组、包古图组和太勒古拉组自创名以来,其地层层序和时代已争论了近半个世纪,其主要原因在于对三个组的岩性组合特征认识不够全面,经常误用其他地质单元中的古生物或年代学证据来限定这三个组的时代,从而导致出现多种层序和时代的划分意见。此次研究在1∶25万野外地质调查的基础上,重新测制了三个组的层型剖面,并结合区域上大量的辅助剖面和路线地质调查,厘定了三个组的定义、特征及分布范围。根据在层型剖面附近组与组界线处发现的冲刷构造和粒序层理等重要的示顶沉积构造,确定了三个组的层序关系自下而上分别为希贝库拉斯组、包古图组和太勒古拉组。三个组中的"化石混杂"现象是由于人为地层划分错误造成的,误将其他地层单元中的化石认作这三个组的内容。经厘定,这三个组中只有早石炭世的化石最为可靠,结合新发现的植物化石材料,希贝库拉斯组的时代为维宪早期,包古图组为维宪晚期,太勒古拉组为维宪末期至谢尔普霍夫期。根据三个组的空间分布及其相互关系,认为西准噶尔南部在早石炭世维宪期浊流流向NE,从维宪末期开始浊流流向SW。在此基础上,讨论了西准噶尔南部石炭纪古地理演化过程,认为西准噶尔南部晚古生代残余洋盆在早石炭世接受充填,希贝库拉斯组的粗碎屑岩代表了充填作用的开始,至太勒古拉组上段粗碎屑岩的出现,表明残余洋盆已经基本填满。西准噶尔残余洋盆最终闭合是在晚石炭世晚期,以佳木河组磨拉石及陆相火山岩的出现为标志。
Xibeikulasi,Baogutu and Tailegula Formations have been controversies over their ages and stratigraphic relationships for almost half a century since they were established in southern western Junggar;it is caused by the unbalanced view of the lithologic characteristics of these three formations,and by misusing paleontological or chronological evidences of other geological units to define the ages of these three formations,thus resulting in a variety of opinions on their sequential arrangement and ages.On the basis of the 1∶250000regional geological survey,we re-measured their stratotype sections in detail,and combined with a large number of auxiliary sections and geological survey routes,the definitions,characteristics and distribution of three formations were determined.The scouring structures and graded beddings near the boundaries between the three formations support the stratal sequences of original assignment,namely the Xibeikulasi,Baogutu and Tailegula Formations in ascending order.The‘fossil chaos'of the three formations is due to mistaking fossils of other stratigraphic units for fossils of these three formations.After revision,only the Early Carboniferous fossils were considered reliable,and combined with the newly found plant fossils,the Xibeikulasi,Baogutu and Tailegula Formations were assigned to the early Visean,late Visean,and latest Visean to Serpukhovian ages,respectively.According to the spatial distribution of the Xibeikulasi,Baogutu and Tailegula Formations,the direction of turbidity currents of the Early Carboniferous Visean was NE in southern western Junggar,and changed into the opposite direction since the latest Visean.Based on the above,the Carboniferous palaeogeographical evolution of the southern western Junggar has been discussed.The Late Paleozoic remnant oceanic basin was filled in the Early Carboniferous.It began with the coarse clastic rocks occurring in the Xibeikulasi Formation,and it was nearly filled when the emergence of the coarse clastic rocks in the upper part of the Tailegula Formation.The closure of the western Junggar remnant oceanic basin was marked by the emergence of the molasse and continental volcanic rocks of the Jiamuhe Formation in the late Late Carboniferous.
Xibeikulasi,Baogutu and Tailegula Formations have been controversies over their ages and stratigraphic relationships for almost half a century since they were established in southern western Junggar;it is caused by the unbalanced view of the lithologic characteristics of these three formations,and by misusing paleontological or chronological evidences of other geological units to define the ages of these three formations,thus resulting in a variety of opinions on their sequential arrangement and ages.On the basis of the 1∶250000regional geological survey,we re-measured their stratotype sections in detail,and combined with a large number of auxiliary sections and geological survey routes,the definitions,characteristics and distribution of three formations were determined.The scouring structures and graded beddings near the boundaries between the three formations support the stratal sequences of original assignment,namely the Xibeikulasi,Baogutu and Tailegula Formations in ascending order.The‘fossil chaos'of the three formations is due to mistaking fossils of other stratigraphic units for fossils of these three formations.After revision,only the Early Carboniferous fossils were considered reliable,and combined with the newly found plant fossils,the Xibeikulasi,Baogutu and Tailegula Formations were assigned to the early Visean,late Visean,and latest Visean to Serpukhovian ages,respectively.According to the spatial distribution of the Xibeikulasi,Baogutu and Tailegula Formations,the direction of turbidity currents of the Early Carboniferous Visean was NE in southern western Junggar,and changed into the opposite direction since the latest Visean.Based on the above,the Carboniferous palaeogeographical evolution of the southern western Junggar has been discussed.The Late Paleozoic remnant oceanic basin was filled in the Early Carboniferous.It began with the coarse clastic rocks occurring in the Xibeikulasi Formation,and it was nearly filled when the emergence of the coarse clastic rocks in the upper part of the Tailegula Formation.The closure of the western Junggar remnant oceanic basin was marked by the emergence of the molasse and continental volcanic rocks of the Jiamuhe Formation in the late Late Carboniferous.
引文
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