基于单成因砂体的三角洲前缘油水运动规律——以渤海湾盆地Z油田东营组二段下亚段为例
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摘要
在油田开发后期,通过解剖单成因砂体构型,可用于指导油水运动规律分析以及后续的剩余油挖潜工作。以储层构型理论为指导,根据3种垂向分期识别标志(泥质夹层、含砾砂岩层和钙质夹层)和4种侧向划界识别标志(曲线形态差异、岩性差异、厚度差异和水淹特征差异),将渤海湾盆地Z油田东营组二段下亚段Ⅰ和Ⅱ油组三角洲前缘沉积复合砂体划分为多个代表单一沉积微相(水下分流河道、河口坝等)的单成因砂体,并依据井间砂体厚度变化与砂体顶面角度二者之间较好的对数相关性,定量确定了单一砂坝砂体尖灭点。由此,重构了油田范围内复杂沉积中河口坝连片分布和水下分流河道交叉叠置的特征。以此为基础,综合分析油藏其他动静态资料,认为单成因砂体质量差异是影响油水运动和剩余油分布规律的主要因素。单个朵叶体形成相对独立的流体单元,不同类型单成因砂体由于其质量差异,表现出不同的渗流能力和水淹特征,优质单成因砂体易形成优势通道并造成剩余油的富集。开展基于单成因砂体的油水运动规律研究,可为油田后期加密挖潜和有效提高油田采收率奠定必要的地质基础。
At the mature development phase of an oilfield,the analysis of monogenetic sand reservoir architecture is efficient to instruct the research on the oil-water movement pattern and the operation of tapping remaining oil. Based on the reservoir configuration theory,this paper divided the composite sand reservoir into multiple monogenetic sandbodies in Oil-groupⅠ and Ⅱ of the E_3d_2~L in Oilfield Z of the Bohai Bay Basin using three vertical stage identification markers and four lateral delimitation identification markers. The vertical stage identification markers include shale interlayers,pebbly sandstones,calcareous interlayers and the lateral delimitation identification markers include logging curve shape difference,lithology difference,thickness difference and water flooding feature difference. Each monogenetic sandbody represents a single sedimentary microfacies( e. g. underwater distributary channel or mouth bars,etc). In addition,the definite logarithm correlation between interwell sandbody thickness variation and top boundary dip was used to quantitatively identify the pinch out point of the single sandbody. Therefrom,the subsurface complex sedimentary characteristics were reconstructed to display the contiguous distribution of mouth bars and the cross superimposition of underwater distributary channels within this oilfield. Combing with the other static and dynamic data,the comprehensive analysis revealed that the quality difference of monogenetic sandbody is the major factor influencing the oil-water movement and remaining oil distribution in the study area. The independent flow unit develops within the individual lobe,within which the different types of monogenetic sandbodies with different reservoir quality correspond to different seepage capacities and flooding features. The premium monogenetic sandbodies are prone to form dominant pathways and result in enrichment of remaining oil. The study of oil-water movement based on monogenetic sandbody analysis will provide a solid geological foundation for tapping the potential of remaining oil through infill drilling and enhancing the oil recovery in the oilfield.
At the mature development phase of an oilfield,the analysis of monogenetic sand reservoir architecture is efficient to instruct the research on the oil-water movement pattern and the operation of tapping remaining oil. Based on the reservoir configuration theory,this paper divided the composite sand reservoir into multiple monogenetic sandbodies in Oil-groupⅠ and Ⅱ of the E_3d_2~L in Oilfield Z of the Bohai Bay Basin using three vertical stage identification markers and four lateral delimitation identification markers. The vertical stage identification markers include shale interlayers,pebbly sandstones,calcareous interlayers and the lateral delimitation identification markers include logging curve shape difference,lithology difference,thickness difference and water flooding feature difference. Each monogenetic sandbody represents a single sedimentary microfacies( e. g. underwater distributary channel or mouth bars,etc). In addition,the definite logarithm correlation between interwell sandbody thickness variation and top boundary dip was used to quantitatively identify the pinch out point of the single sandbody. Therefrom,the subsurface complex sedimentary characteristics were reconstructed to display the contiguous distribution of mouth bars and the cross superimposition of underwater distributary channels within this oilfield. Combing with the other static and dynamic data,the comprehensive analysis revealed that the quality difference of monogenetic sandbody is the major factor influencing the oil-water movement and remaining oil distribution in the study area. The independent flow unit develops within the individual lobe,within which the different types of monogenetic sandbodies with different reservoir quality correspond to different seepage capacities and flooding features. The premium monogenetic sandbodies are prone to form dominant pathways and result in enrichment of remaining oil. The study of oil-water movement based on monogenetic sandbody analysis will provide a solid geological foundation for tapping the potential of remaining oil through infill drilling and enhancing the oil recovery in the oilfield.
引文
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[9]陈彬滔,于兴河,王天奇,等.砂质辫状河岩相与构型特征——以山西大同盆地中侏罗统云冈组露头为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(1):111-117.Chen Bintao,Yu Xinghe,Wang Tianqi,et al.Lithofacies and architectural characteristics of sandy braided river deposits:a case from outcrops of the Middle Jurassic Yungang Formation in the Datong Basin,Shanxi province[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(1):111-117.
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[11]张友,侯加根,曹彦清,等.基于构型单元的储层质量分布模式——以胜坨油田二区沙二段8砂组厚层河口坝砂体为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(5):862-872.Zhang You,Hou Jiagen,Cao Yanqing,et al.Distribution patterns of reservoir quality based on configuration unit of mouth bar sandbody:A case study from the 8thsand group of the 2ndmember of the Shehejie Formation in Shenger Block of Shengtuo oilfield,East China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(5):862-872.
[12]秦国省,吴胜和,郑联勇,等.基于沉积过程的三角洲前缘河口坝储层构型精细分析——以老君庙油田L11小层为例[J].岩性油气藏,2015,27(6):55-63.Qin Guosheng,Wu Shenghe,Zheng Lianyong,et al.Detailed architecture analysis of mouth bar in delta front based on sedimentary process:A case study of L11layer in Laojunmiao Oilfield[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(6):55-63.
[13]李少华,胡晓玲,王军,等.单一河口坝砂体规模的定量表征[J].岩性油气藏,2015,27(5):1-5.Li Shaohua,Hu Xiaoling,Wang Jun,et al.Quantitative characterization of single mouth bar[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(5):1-5.
[14]卢虎胜,林承焰,程奇,等.东营凹陷永安镇油田沙二段三角洲相储层构型及剩余油分布[J].东北石油大学学报,2013,37(3):40-47.Lu Husheng,Lin Chengyan,Cheng Qi,et al.Deltaic reservoir architecture and remaining oil distribution study of Es2member in Yonganzhen oilfield,Dongying sag[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2013,37(3):40-47.
[15]何文祥,吴胜和,唐义疆,等.河口坝砂体构型精细解剖[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(5):42-46.He Wenxiang,Wu Shenghe,Tang Yijiang,et al.Detailed architecture analyses of debouch bar in Shengtuo Oilfield,Jiyang Depression[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(5):42-46.
[16]赵小庆,鲍志东,刘宗飞,等.河控三角洲水下分流河道砂体储集层构型精细分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(2):181-186.Zhao Xiaoqing,Bao Zhidong,Liu Zongfei,et al.An in-depth analysisof reservoir architecture of underwater distributary channel sand bodies in a river dominated delta:A case study of T51 Block,Fuyu Oilfield[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(2):181-186.
[17]赵翰卿.储层非均质体系、砂体内部建筑结构和流动单元研究思路探讨[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2002,21(6):16-18.Zhao Hanqing.Approach to the study thinking about reservoir heterogeneous system,sand-body internal construction structure and flow Unit[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2002,21(6):16-18.
[18]封从军,鲍志东,代春明,等.三角洲前缘水下分流河道单砂体叠置机理及对剩余油的控制——以扶余油田J19区块泉头组四段为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(1):128-135.Feng Congjun,Bao Zhidong,Dai Chunming,et al.Superimposition patterns of underwater distributary channel sands in deltaic front and its control on remaining oil distribution:a case study from K1q4in J19 block,Fuyu oilfield[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(1):128-135.
[19]岳大力,吴胜和,程会明,等.基于三维储层构型模型的油藏数值模拟及剩余油分布模式[J].中国石油大学学报,2008,32(2):21-27.Yue Dali,Wu Shenghe,Cheng Huiming,et al.Numerical reservoir simulation and remaining oil distribution patterns based on 3D reservoir architecture model[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2008,32(2):21-27.
[20]印森林,陈恭洋,戴春明,等.河口坝内部储层构型及剩余油分布特征——以大港油田枣南断块长轴缓坡辫状河三角洲为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(4):630-639.Yin Senlin,Chen Gongyang,Dai Chunming,et al.Reservoir architecture and remaining oil distribution in mouth bar—A case study on the braided delta of long-axis gentle slope in Zaonan fault block of Dagang Oilfield[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(4):630-639.
[21]韩雪芳,颜冠山,刘宗宾,等.三角洲前缘水下分流河道及河口坝储层构型研究——以J油田东二下段为例[J].复杂油气藏,2016,9(4):37-41.Reservoir architecture analysis of underwater distributary channel and mouth bar in delta front:E3d2Lin J oilfield taken as an example[J].Complex Hydrocarbon Reserviors,2016,9(4):37-41.
[22]丁克文,吴锡安.锦州9-3油田地质评价及储量计算的几点做法[J].中国海上油气,1991,5(2):41-46.Ding Kewen,Wu Xi’an.JZ9-3field geologic assessment&reserves calculation[J].China Offshore Oil&Gas,1991,5(2):41-46.
[2]Miall A D.Architectural-element analysis:a new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits[J].Earth Science Review,1985,22(2):261-308.
[3]Miall A D.The geology of fluvial deposits:sedimentary facies,basin analysis and petroleum geology[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1996:74-98.
[4]Miall A D.Reconstructing the architecture and sequence stratigraphy of the preserved fluvial record as a tool for reservoir development:a reality check[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(7):989-1002.
[5]张昌民.储层研究中的层次分析法[J].石油与天然气地质,1992,13(3):344-350.Zhang Changmin.Hierarchy analysis in reservoir researches[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1992,13(3):344-350.
[6]岳大力,吴胜和,刘建民.曲流河点坝地下储层构型精细解剖方法[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):99-103.Yue Dali,Wu Shenghe,Liu Jianmin.An accurate method for anatomizing architecture of subsurface reservoir in point bar of meandering river[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):99-103.
[7]温立峰,吴胜和,王延忠,等.河控三角洲河口坝地下储层构型精细解剖方法[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,42(4):1072-1078.Wen Lifeng,Wu Shenghe,Wang Yanzhong,et al.An accurate method for anatomizing architecture of subsurface reservoir in mouth bar of fluvial dominated delta[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2011,42(4):1072-1078.
[8]尹太举,张昌民,樊中海,等.地下储层建筑结构预测模型的建立[J].西安石油学院学报:自然科学版,2002,17(3):7-10.Yin Taiju,Zhang Changmin,Fan Zhonghai,et al.Establishment of the prediction models of reservoir architectural elements[J].Journal of Xi'an Petroleum Institute(Natural Science Edition),2002,17(3):7-10.
[9]陈彬滔,于兴河,王天奇,等.砂质辫状河岩相与构型特征——以山西大同盆地中侏罗统云冈组露头为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(1):111-117.Chen Bintao,Yu Xinghe,Wang Tianqi,et al.Lithofacies and architectural characteristics of sandy braided river deposits:a case from outcrops of the Middle Jurassic Yungang Formation in the Datong Basin,Shanxi province[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(1):111-117.
[10]李志鹏,林承焰,董波,等.河控三角洲水下分流河道砂体内部建筑结构模式[J].石油学报,2012,33(1):101-105.Li Zhipeng,Lin Chengyan,Dong Bo,et al.An internal structure model of subaqueous distributary channel sands of the fluvial-dominated delta[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(1):101-105.
[11]张友,侯加根,曹彦清,等.基于构型单元的储层质量分布模式——以胜坨油田二区沙二段8砂组厚层河口坝砂体为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(5):862-872.Zhang You,Hou Jiagen,Cao Yanqing,et al.Distribution patterns of reservoir quality based on configuration unit of mouth bar sandbody:A case study from the 8thsand group of the 2ndmember of the Shehejie Formation in Shenger Block of Shengtuo oilfield,East China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(5):862-872.
[12]秦国省,吴胜和,郑联勇,等.基于沉积过程的三角洲前缘河口坝储层构型精细分析——以老君庙油田L11小层为例[J].岩性油气藏,2015,27(6):55-63.Qin Guosheng,Wu Shenghe,Zheng Lianyong,et al.Detailed architecture analysis of mouth bar in delta front based on sedimentary process:A case study of L11layer in Laojunmiao Oilfield[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(6):55-63.
[13]李少华,胡晓玲,王军,等.单一河口坝砂体规模的定量表征[J].岩性油气藏,2015,27(5):1-5.Li Shaohua,Hu Xiaoling,Wang Jun,et al.Quantitative characterization of single mouth bar[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(5):1-5.
[14]卢虎胜,林承焰,程奇,等.东营凹陷永安镇油田沙二段三角洲相储层构型及剩余油分布[J].东北石油大学学报,2013,37(3):40-47.Lu Husheng,Lin Chengyan,Cheng Qi,et al.Deltaic reservoir architecture and remaining oil distribution study of Es2member in Yonganzhen oilfield,Dongying sag[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2013,37(3):40-47.
[15]何文祥,吴胜和,唐义疆,等.河口坝砂体构型精细解剖[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(5):42-46.He Wenxiang,Wu Shenghe,Tang Yijiang,et al.Detailed architecture analyses of debouch bar in Shengtuo Oilfield,Jiyang Depression[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(5):42-46.
[16]赵小庆,鲍志东,刘宗飞,等.河控三角洲水下分流河道砂体储集层构型精细分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(2):181-186.Zhao Xiaoqing,Bao Zhidong,Liu Zongfei,et al.An in-depth analysisof reservoir architecture of underwater distributary channel sand bodies in a river dominated delta:A case study of T51 Block,Fuyu Oilfield[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(2):181-186.
[17]赵翰卿.储层非均质体系、砂体内部建筑结构和流动单元研究思路探讨[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2002,21(6):16-18.Zhao Hanqing.Approach to the study thinking about reservoir heterogeneous system,sand-body internal construction structure and flow Unit[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2002,21(6):16-18.
[18]封从军,鲍志东,代春明,等.三角洲前缘水下分流河道单砂体叠置机理及对剩余油的控制——以扶余油田J19区块泉头组四段为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(1):128-135.Feng Congjun,Bao Zhidong,Dai Chunming,et al.Superimposition patterns of underwater distributary channel sands in deltaic front and its control on remaining oil distribution:a case study from K1q4in J19 block,Fuyu oilfield[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(1):128-135.
[19]岳大力,吴胜和,程会明,等.基于三维储层构型模型的油藏数值模拟及剩余油分布模式[J].中国石油大学学报,2008,32(2):21-27.Yue Dali,Wu Shenghe,Cheng Huiming,et al.Numerical reservoir simulation and remaining oil distribution patterns based on 3D reservoir architecture model[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2008,32(2):21-27.
[20]印森林,陈恭洋,戴春明,等.河口坝内部储层构型及剩余油分布特征——以大港油田枣南断块长轴缓坡辫状河三角洲为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(4):630-639.Yin Senlin,Chen Gongyang,Dai Chunming,et al.Reservoir architecture and remaining oil distribution in mouth bar—A case study on the braided delta of long-axis gentle slope in Zaonan fault block of Dagang Oilfield[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(4):630-639.
[21]韩雪芳,颜冠山,刘宗宾,等.三角洲前缘水下分流河道及河口坝储层构型研究——以J油田东二下段为例[J].复杂油气藏,2016,9(4):37-41.Reservoir architecture analysis of underwater distributary channel and mouth bar in delta front:E3d2Lin J oilfield taken as an example[J].Complex Hydrocarbon Reserviors,2016,9(4):37-41.
[22]丁克文,吴锡安.锦州9-3油田地质评价及储量计算的几点做法[J].中国海上油气,1991,5(2):41-46.Ding Kewen,Wu Xi’an.JZ9-3field geologic assessment&reserves calculation[J].China Offshore Oil&Gas,1991,5(2):41-46.
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