济阳坳陷东营三角洲前缘斜坡重力流成因砂体特征及形成条件
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摘要
运用最新的深水重力流理论开展系统研究,细分大型三角洲前缘斜坡重力流成因砂体类型,并建立各类型砂体的判识标准,探讨砂体展布的控制因素。研究表明:大型三角洲前缘斜坡发育一系列重力流成因砂体,砂体并非由单一流体形成,包含了塑性体、砂质碎屑流及浊流等多种流体的有序转化和多个岩相组合;根据纵向上序列组合的差异,可把重力流砂体类型划分为滑动成因砂体、滑塌成因砂体、碎屑流成因砂体和浊流;利用岩心沉积构造特征、粒度特征、测井相和地震相等多角度对比可识别砂体类型;三角洲前缘斜坡重力流成因砂体的形成与展布受控于古物源、古沉积坡角、同沉积断层和沉积基准面旋回变化等因素,其中充足的物源是重力流砂体发育的物质基础、适宜的古坡角是重力流砂体有序展布的必要条件、同沉积断层下降盘是砂体发育的有利区,而基准面旋回变化决定了重力流砂体的纵向分布样式。
The latest deep-water gravity current theory was used to subdivide the type of the gravity flow developed in the lowlying slope zone of large delta,and the discerning standards were established; and then the controlling factors of the distribution were discussed. The results show that a series of gravity flows can be developed in the low-lying slope zone of the large delta. The sand body formation however is not determined by one certain flow state,but always by several flow states including plastomer,debris flow and turbidite. They transform in order and have different lithofacies associations. According to the different longitudinal sequential patterns,the gravity flow could be divided into four types,which include the slide sand,the slump sand,the debris flow sand and turbidite. By comparative analysis of sedimentary structure characters,grain size characters,logging face and seismic face,the sand type could be identified. The controlling factors of the formation and distribution of gravity flow which developed in the low-lying slope zone of large delta include ancient material source,ancient sedimentary slope angle,contemporaneous fault and depositional base-level cycle. Ample material source is the material base for the development of gravity flow,and different types of sands could transform in order when the slope has suitable sedimentary angle. The decreasing plate of codeposition fault is the favorable development area,and the depositional base-level cycle controls the longitudinal distribution of the gravity flow sands.
The latest deep-water gravity current theory was used to subdivide the type of the gravity flow developed in the lowlying slope zone of large delta,and the discerning standards were established; and then the controlling factors of the distribution were discussed. The results show that a series of gravity flows can be developed in the low-lying slope zone of the large delta. The sand body formation however is not determined by one certain flow state,but always by several flow states including plastomer,debris flow and turbidite. They transform in order and have different lithofacies associations. According to the different longitudinal sequential patterns,the gravity flow could be divided into four types,which include the slide sand,the slump sand,the debris flow sand and turbidite. By comparative analysis of sedimentary structure characters,grain size characters,logging face and seismic face,the sand type could be identified. The controlling factors of the formation and distribution of gravity flow which developed in the low-lying slope zone of large delta include ancient material source,ancient sedimentary slope angle,contemporaneous fault and depositional base-level cycle. Ample material source is the material base for the development of gravity flow,and different types of sands could transform in order when the slope has suitable sedimentary angle. The decreasing plate of codeposition fault is the favorable development area,and the depositional base-level cycle controls the longitudinal distribution of the gravity flow sands.
引文
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[20]鄢继华,陈世悦,姜在兴,等.断陷湖盆震浊积岩成因模拟实验[J].古地理学报,2007,9(3):277-282.YAN Jihua,CHEN Shiyue,JIANG Zaixing,et al.Simulating experiment on genesis of seismo-turbidites in rift lacustrine basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2007,9(3):277-282.
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[22]宋国奇,王延章,路达,等.山东东营凹陷南坡地区沙四段纯下亚段湖相碳酸盐岩滩坝发育的控制因素探讨[J].古地理学报,2012,14(5):565-570.SONG Guoqi,WANG Yanzhang,LU Da,et al.Controlling factors of carbonate rock beach and bar development in lacustrine facies in the Chunxia submember of Member 4 of Shahejie Formation in south slope of Dongying Sag,Shandong Province[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2012,14(5):565-570.
[23]康波,解习农,杜学斌,等.基于滨线轨迹的古水深定量计算新方法:以古近系沙三中段东营三角洲为例[J].沉积学报,2012,30(3):443-450.KANG Bo,XIE Xinong,DU Xuebin,et al.A new paleobathymetric approach based on shoreline trajectory:an example from Dongying delta in the third member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(3):443-450.
[24]刘军锷,简晓玲,康波,等.东营凹陷东营三角洲沙三段中亚段古地貌特征及其对沉积的控制[J].油气地质与采收率,2014,21(1):20-23.LIU Jun'e,JIAN Xiaoling,KANG Bo,et al.Paleogeomorphology of the middle part of 3rd member of Shahejie formation and their effects on depositional systems,Dongying delta,Dongying depression[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2014,21(1):20-23.
[2]SHANMUGAM G.Reinterpretation of depositional processes in a classic flysch sequence(Pennsylvanian Jackford group),Quachita mountains,Arkansas and Oklahoma:reply[J].AAPG Bulletin,1997,81:476-491.
[3]SHANMUGAM G,BLOCH R B,DAMUTH J E,et al.Basin floor fans in the North Sea:sequence stratigraphic models vs sedimentary facies:reply[J].AAPG Bulletin,1997,81:662-672.
[4]李相博,卫平生,刘化清,等.浅谈沉积物重力流分类与深水沉积模式[J].地质论评,2013,59(4):607-614.LI Xiangbo,WEI Pingsheng,LIU Huaqing,et al.Discussion on the classification of sediment gravity flow and the deep-water sedimentary model[J].Geological Review,2013,59(4):607-614.
[5]李相博,刘化清,完颜容,等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组砂质碎屑流储集体的首次发现[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(4):19-21.LI Xiangbo,LIU Huaqing,WANYAN Rong,et al.First discovery of the sandy debris flow from the Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2009,21(4):19-21.
[6]鲜本忠,万锦峰,姜在兴,等.断陷湖盆洼陷带重力流沉积特征与模式:以南堡凹陷东部东营组为例[J].地学前缘,2012,19(1):121-135.XIAN Benzhong,WAN Jinfeng,JIANG Zaixing,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and model of gravity flow deposition in the depressed belt of rift lacustrine basin:a case study from Dongying Formation in Nanpu Depression[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(1):121-135.
[7]鲜本忠,万锦峰,董艳蕾,等.湖相深水块状砂岩特征、成因及发育模式:以南堡凹陷东营组为例[J].岩石学报,2013,29(9):3287-3299.XIAN Benzhong,WAN Jinfeng,DONG Yanlei,et al.Sedimentary characteristics,origin and model of lacustrine deep-water massive sandstone:an example from Dongying Formation in Nanpu depression[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2013,29(9):3287-3299.
[8]陈飞,胡光义,孙立春,等.鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区上三叠统延长组砂质碎屑流沉积特征及其油气勘探意义[J].沉积学报,2012,30(6):1042-1052.CHEN Fei,HU Guangyi,SUN Lichun,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and the significance of petroleum exploration of sandy debris flows of Yanchang Formation of the Upper Triassin,Fuxian Area,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(6):1042-1052.
[9]张雷,李振海,张学娟,等.重力流沉积岩相划分及其发育规律[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(1):17-24.ZHANG Lei,LI Zhenhai,ZHANG Xuejuan,et al.Lithofacies classification and development rule of gravity flows deposits[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2015,39(1):17-24.
[10]尹太举,张昌民,李中超.东营凹陷滑塌浊积岩沉积特征及油气藏勘探技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(1):93-98.YIN Taiju,ZHANG Changmin,LI Zhongchao.Depositional characteristic of fluxoturbidite and exploration technologies of subtle reservoirs in the Dongying Sag[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2006,27(1):93-98.
[11]陈秀艳,师晶,徐杰.渤海湾盆地东辛油田沙三中亚段重力流沉积砂体类型及含油性[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(5):594-601.CHEN Xiuyan,SHI Jing,XU Jie.Types and oil potential of gravity flow sandbodies in the middle Es3of Dongxin oilfield,the Bohai Bay Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,05:594-601.
[12]陈永红.惠民凹陷沙三段三角洲前缘滑塌浊积砂体发育规律与油气聚集关系[D].广州:中国科学院研究生院,2006.CHEN Yonghong.The developing rule of delta-forward creeping turbidite sandbody and its oil-gas accumulation relationship of Sha 3 member in Huimin Depression[D].Guangzhou:The Graduate School of The Chinese Academy of Sciences,2006.
[13]鄢继华,陈世悦,姜在兴.三角洲前缘浊积体成因及分布规律研究[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(1):16-19,25.YAN Jihua,CHEN Shiyue,JIANG Zaixing.Genesis and distribution regularity of the turbidite bodies in the delta front[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2008,30(1):16-19,25.
[14]操应长,刘晖.湖盆三角洲沉积坡度带特征及其与滑塌浊积岩分布关系的初步探讨[J].地质论评,2007,53(4):454-459.CAO Yingchang,LIU Hui.Discussion on the relationship between distribution of fluxoturbidite and depositional slole of delta in lacustrine basin[J].Geological Review,2007,53(4):454-459.
[15]吴崇筠,李纯菊,刘国华,等.断陷湖盆中的浊积岩[C]//中国石油地质委员会.碎屑岩沉积相研究.北京:石油工业出版社,1988:1-17.
[16]王居峰,郑和荣,苏法卿.东营凹陷中带沙河街组三段浊积体储层特征类型与成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(5):528-532.WANG Jufeng,ZHENG Herong,SU Faqing.Reservoir characteristics and genesis of turbidite fans in the 3rd member of Shahejie Formation in central Dongying depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2004,25(5):528-532.
[17]王居峰,蔡希源,邓宏文.东营凹陷中央洼陷带沙三段高分辨率层序地层与岩性圈闭特征[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(4):7-11.WANG Jufeng,CAI Xiyuan,DENG Hongwen.Highresolution sequence stratigraphy and lithologic trap characteristics of Sha-3 member in the central sag of Dongying Depression[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2004,28(4):7-11.
[18]方勇,邓宏文,王红亮,等.东营三角洲高频层序特征与岩性圈闭分布[J].中国海上油气(地质),2003,17(3):160-163.FANG Yong,DENG Hongwen,WANG Hongliang,et al.High frequency sequence and lithologic trap distribution in Dongying delta[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),2003,17(3):160-163.
[19]李宇志,毕明威,刘惠民,等.沙三中亚期东营三角洲前缘滑塌浊积岩定量预测[J].地学前缘,2012,19(1):146-155.LI Yuzhi,BI Mingwei,LIU Huimin,et al.Quantitative prediction of slump turbidites of the Dongying delta front in mid Es3[J].Earth Science Fronties,2012,19(1):146-155.
[20]鄢继华,陈世悦,姜在兴,等.断陷湖盆震浊积岩成因模拟实验[J].古地理学报,2007,9(3):277-282.YAN Jihua,CHEN Shiyue,JIANG Zaixing,et al.Simulating experiment on genesis of seismo-turbidites in rift lacustrine basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2007,9(3):277-282.
[21]刘鑫金,刘惠民,宋国奇,等.东营凹陷洼陷斜坡带坡移扇沉积特征及展布模式[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(4):1-10.LIU Xinjin,LIU Huimin,SONG Guoqi,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and distribution pattern of the slopeshifting fan in the low-lying slope zone of Dongying sag[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2016,23(4):1-10.
[22]宋国奇,王延章,路达,等.山东东营凹陷南坡地区沙四段纯下亚段湖相碳酸盐岩滩坝发育的控制因素探讨[J].古地理学报,2012,14(5):565-570.SONG Guoqi,WANG Yanzhang,LU Da,et al.Controlling factors of carbonate rock beach and bar development in lacustrine facies in the Chunxia submember of Member 4 of Shahejie Formation in south slope of Dongying Sag,Shandong Province[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2012,14(5):565-570.
[23]康波,解习农,杜学斌,等.基于滨线轨迹的古水深定量计算新方法:以古近系沙三中段东营三角洲为例[J].沉积学报,2012,30(3):443-450.KANG Bo,XIE Xinong,DU Xuebin,et al.A new paleobathymetric approach based on shoreline trajectory:an example from Dongying delta in the third member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(3):443-450.
[24]刘军锷,简晓玲,康波,等.东营凹陷东营三角洲沙三段中亚段古地貌特征及其对沉积的控制[J].油气地质与采收率,2014,21(1):20-23.LIU Jun'e,JIAN Xiaoling,KANG Bo,et al.Paleogeomorphology of the middle part of 3rd member of Shahejie formation and their effects on depositional systems,Dongying delta,Dongying depression[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2014,21(1):20-23.