双控行动下环境规制对区域碳排放绩效的门槛效应研究
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摘要
文章基于考虑非期望产出的SE-SBM模型,以资本、劳动力和能源作为投入指标,各省市GDP作为合意产出指标,二氧化碳排放量作为非合意产出指标,对2006-2016年中国30个省市的碳排放进行效率测度,以FDI、工业产业结构、技术创新、能源结构作为门槛变量对环境规制和碳排放效率进行门槛效应回归分析,以地区GDP、对外开放水平、城镇化水平对碳排放绩效的作用路径进行研究。结果显示:各区域间碳排放效率存在梯度差异分布;环境规制强度对碳排放绩效存在明显的双重门槛效应;地区经济发展水平、对外开放程度与碳排放绩效存在明显的正向关系,城镇化水平与碳排放效率呈现反向关系。为实现经济发展与生态环境的"双赢",应合理选择环境规制强度,提升FDI和扩大对外开放,优化能源结构和产业结构,使环境规制的碳减排效应发挥最大化效益。
Based on SE-SBM model considering unexpected output,taking capital,labor and energy as input indicators,GDP of provinces and municipalities as output indicators,carbon dioxide emissions as output indicators,this paper measures the efficiency of carbon emissions of 30 provinces and municipalities in China from 2006 to 2016,and takes FDI,industrial structure,technological innovation and energy structure as threshold variables to make threshold effect regression analysis of environmental regulation and carbon emission efficiency,and the effect path of regional GDP,opening level and urbanization level on carbon emission performance is studied. The results show that there are gradient differences in carbon emission efficiency among different regions;there are obvious double threshold effects of environmental regulation intensity on carbon emission performance;there are obvious positive relationships between regional economic development level,opening degree and carbon emission performance;and there is a reverse relationship between urbanization level and carbon emission efficiency. In order to achieve"win-win"between economic development and ecological environment,we should rationally choose the intensity of environmental regulation,enhance FDI and expand opening up,optimize energy structure and industrial structure,and maximize the benefits of carbon emission reduction effect of environmental regulation.
Based on SE-SBM model considering unexpected output,taking capital,labor and energy as input indicators,GDP of provinces and municipalities as output indicators,carbon dioxide emissions as output indicators,this paper measures the efficiency of carbon emissions of 30 provinces and municipalities in China from 2006 to 2016,and takes FDI,industrial structure,technological innovation and energy structure as threshold variables to make threshold effect regression analysis of environmental regulation and carbon emission efficiency,and the effect path of regional GDP,opening level and urbanization level on carbon emission performance is studied. The results show that there are gradient differences in carbon emission efficiency among different regions;there are obvious double threshold effects of environmental regulation intensity on carbon emission performance;there are obvious positive relationships between regional economic development level,opening degree and carbon emission performance;and there is a reverse relationship between urbanization level and carbon emission efficiency. In order to achieve"win-win"between economic development and ecological environment,we should rationally choose the intensity of environmental regulation,enhance FDI and expand opening up,optimize energy structure and industrial structure,and maximize the benefits of carbon emission reduction effect of environmental regulation.
引文
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[9]何小钢,张耀辉.中国工业碳排放影响因素与CKC重组效应——基于STIRPAT模型的分行业动态面板数据实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2012(1):26-35.
[10]王旻.环境规制对碳排放的空间效应研究[J].生态经济,2017,33(4):30-33.
[11]柴泽阳,杨金刚,孙健.环境规制对碳排放的门槛效应研究[J].资源开发与市场,2016,32(9):1057-1063.
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[13]张华,魏晓平.绿色悖论抑或倒逼减排——环境规制对碳排放影响的双重效应[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(9):21-29.
[14]魏权龄.评价相对有效性的数据包络分析模型——DEA和网络DEA[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2012.
[15]TONE K,SAHOO B K. Degree of Scale Economies and Congestion:A Unified DEA Approach[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2004,158(3):755-772.
[16]黄杰. FDI对中国碳排放强度影响的门槛效应检验[J].统计与决策,2017(21):108-111.
[17]HANSEN B E. Threshold Effects in Non-dynamic Panels:Estimation,Testing and Inference[J]. Journal of Econometrics,1999,93(2):345-368.
[18]丁绪辉,贺菊花,王柳元.考虑非合意产出的省际水资源利用效率及驱动因素研究——基于SE-SBM与Tobit模型的考察[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018,28(1):157-164.
[19]韩国高.环境规制、技术创新与产能利用率——兼论“环境硬约束”如何有效治理产能过剩[J].当代经济科学,2018,40(1):84-93.
[20]徐盈之,王秋彤.能源消费对新型城镇化影响的研究——基于门槛效应的检验[J].华东经济管理,2018,32(5):5-13.
[2]孙建,柴泽阳.中国区域环境规制“绿色悖论”空间面板研究[J].统计与决策,2017(15):137-141.
[3]李程宇.《京都》15年后:分阶段减排政策与“绿色悖论”问题[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(1):1-8.
[4]SINN H W. Public Policies against Global Warming:A Supply Side Approach[J]. International Tax Public Finance,2008,25(4):360-394.
[5]张先锋,韩雪,吴椒军.环境规制与碳排放:“倒逼效应”还是“倒退效应”——基于2000-2010年中国省际面板数据分析[J].软科学,2014,28(7):136-139.
[6]FRANCESCO T,FABIO I,MARCO F. The Effect of Environmental Regulation on Firms’Competitive Performance:The Case of the Building&Construction Sector in Some EU Regions[J]. Journal of Environment Management,2011,92(9):2136-2144.
[7]AMBEC S,COHEN M,ELGIE S. The Porter Hypothesis at20:Can Environmental Regulation Enhance Innovation and Competitiveness?[J]. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy,2013,7(1):2-22.
[8]陆旸.中国绿色政策与就业:存在双重红利吗?[J].经济研究,2011(7):42-54.
[9]何小钢,张耀辉.中国工业碳排放影响因素与CKC重组效应——基于STIRPAT模型的分行业动态面板数据实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2012(1):26-35.
[10]王旻.环境规制对碳排放的空间效应研究[J].生态经济,2017,33(4):30-33.
[11]柴泽阳,杨金刚,孙健.环境规制对碳排放的门槛效应研究[J].资源开发与市场,2016,32(9):1057-1063.
[12]GERLAGH R. Too Much Oil[J].CESifo Economic Studies,2011,57(1):79-102.
[13]张华,魏晓平.绿色悖论抑或倒逼减排——环境规制对碳排放影响的双重效应[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(9):21-29.
[14]魏权龄.评价相对有效性的数据包络分析模型——DEA和网络DEA[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2012.
[15]TONE K,SAHOO B K. Degree of Scale Economies and Congestion:A Unified DEA Approach[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2004,158(3):755-772.
[16]黄杰. FDI对中国碳排放强度影响的门槛效应检验[J].统计与决策,2017(21):108-111.
[17]HANSEN B E. Threshold Effects in Non-dynamic Panels:Estimation,Testing and Inference[J]. Journal of Econometrics,1999,93(2):345-368.
[18]丁绪辉,贺菊花,王柳元.考虑非合意产出的省际水资源利用效率及驱动因素研究——基于SE-SBM与Tobit模型的考察[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018,28(1):157-164.
[19]韩国高.环境规制、技术创新与产能利用率——兼论“环境硬约束”如何有效治理产能过剩[J].当代经济科学,2018,40(1):84-93.
[20]徐盈之,王秋彤.能源消费对新型城镇化影响的研究——基于门槛效应的检验[J].华东经济管理,2018,32(5):5-13.