菱角种植对三垟湿地富营养化水体的修复作用研究
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摘要
在三垟湿地河道内选取富营养化程度不同的两个区域,进行为期6个月(2016年5—10月)的围隔(a和b)种植菱角修复富营养化水体试验研究,每月对围隔内外的水质指标、浮游生物等进行监测。结果发现:(1)菱角的种植对水体透明度、营养盐和叶绿素a浓度等指标均有明显改善作用。(2)围隔内外水体透明度在7月差异最显著,围隔a、b内透明度比围隔外分别增加20、63cm,分别提高0.4、2.3倍。(3)TN在5月差异最显著,围隔a、b内TN较围隔外分别下降39.7%(质量分数,下同)、20.6%。(4)围隔a内外的TP在6月差异最显著,围隔b则在5月差异最显著,分别较围隔外下降58.6%、42.6%。(5)氨氮在6月差异最显著,围隔a、b内分别较围隔外下降72.1%、61.3%。(6)围隔a内外的叶绿素a在7月差异最显著,围隔b则在5月差异最显著,分别较围隔外下降61.4%、77.5%。(7)围隔内高锰酸盐指数均低于围隔外。(8)围隔内外的浮游生物优势种不同,围隔内浮游动物密度显著降低,但围隔内外浮游生物多样性指数差异不显著。
Investigation was conducted in Sanyang wetland with enclosure ecosystem(a and b)planting water caltrop,Trapa bispinosa Roxb.,to exam the effect of remediation on eutrophication from May to October in 2016.Water quality index and plankton were monitored every month.The results showed that:(1)Trapa bispinosa Roxb.planting improved water quality by increasing water transparency,reducing nutrients and chlorophyll a concentration.(2)Water transparency inside enclosures increased most significantly in July,enhancing 20 cm and 63 cm in enclosure a and b,and it was 0.4and 2.3times higher than the surrounding area,respectively.(3)TN was the most significant different in May between the inner and outer,decreasing 39.7%and 20.6%in enclosure a and b,respectively.(4)TP in and outside enclosure a was the most significant different in June,while b was the most significant different in May,decreasing 58.6% and 42.6%respectively.(5)Ammonia nitrogen was the most significant different in June between the inner and outer,decreasing 72.1% and 61.3%,respectively.(6)Chlorophyll a in and outside enclosure a was the most significant different in July,while b was the most significant different in May,decreasing 61.4% and 77.5%,respectively.(7)Permanganate index inside the enclosures were always lower than that of outside.(8)Dominant plankton species were different between the inner and outer,and the density of zooplankton inside both enclosures decreased significantly.However,there was no significant difference in plankton diversity index.
Investigation was conducted in Sanyang wetland with enclosure ecosystem(a and b)planting water caltrop,Trapa bispinosa Roxb.,to exam the effect of remediation on eutrophication from May to October in 2016.Water quality index and plankton were monitored every month.The results showed that:(1)Trapa bispinosa Roxb.planting improved water quality by increasing water transparency,reducing nutrients and chlorophyll a concentration.(2)Water transparency inside enclosures increased most significantly in July,enhancing 20 cm and 63 cm in enclosure a and b,and it was 0.4and 2.3times higher than the surrounding area,respectively.(3)TN was the most significant different in May between the inner and outer,decreasing 39.7%and 20.6%in enclosure a and b,respectively.(4)TP in and outside enclosure a was the most significant different in June,while b was the most significant different in May,decreasing 58.6% and 42.6%respectively.(5)Ammonia nitrogen was the most significant different in June between the inner and outer,decreasing 72.1% and 61.3%,respectively.(6)Chlorophyll a in and outside enclosure a was the most significant different in July,while b was the most significant different in May,decreasing 61.4% and 77.5%,respectively.(7)Permanganate index inside the enclosures were always lower than that of outside.(8)Dominant plankton species were different between the inner and outer,and the density of zooplankton inside both enclosures decreased significantly.However,there was no significant difference in plankton diversity index.
引文
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[2]王伟,陆健健.三垟湿地生态系统服务功能及其价值[J].生态学报,2005,25(3):404-407.
[3] GLICK B R.Phytoremediation:synergistic use of plants and bacteria to clean up the environment[J].Biotechnology Advances,2003,21(5):383-393.
[4] SCHRIVER P,BGESTR J,JEPPESEN E,et al.Impact of submerged macrophytes on fish-zooplankton-phytoplankton interactions:large enclosure experiments in a shallow eutrophic lake[J].Freshwater Biology,1995,33(2):255-270.
[5]乔建荣,任久长,陈艳卿,等.常见沉水植物对草海水体总磷去除速率的研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),1996,32(6):785-789.
[6]刘存歧,杨军,马晓利,等.种植菱和莲对白洋淀富营养化水体生态修复的效果[J].湿地科学,2013,11(4):510-514.
[7]闫子胜,陈敏东,李凤英,等.大面积种植红菱对富营养化水体修复效果的影响[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(9):103-108.
[8]翁建中.中国常见淡水浮游藻类图谱[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2010.
[9]韩茂森,束蕴芳.中国淡水生物图谱[M].北京:海洋出版社,1995.
[10]董静,李根保.微囊藻群体形成影响因子及机理[J].水生生物学报,2016,40(2):378-387.
[11]洪喻,胡洪营.水生植物化感抑藻作用研究与应用[J].科学通报,2009,16(3):287-293.
[12] WANG J,ZHU J,LIU S,et al.Generation of reactive oxygen species in cyanobacteria and green algae induced by allelochemicals of submerged macrophytes[J].Chemosphere,2011,85(6):977-982.