国家艺术体操队运动员功能动作筛查结果分析与纠正性训练
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摘要
目的:对国家艺术体操队22名运动员进行功能动作筛查并分析,了解该项目运动员的功能动作特征,并针对存在问题的功能动作提出纠正性训练方法,以期达到改善功能动作质量、减少损伤发生、提高专项训练水平的目的。方法:文献资料法、实验法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法。结果:(1)队员的FMS得分为13.0±2.5分,存在较大的损伤风险;(2)主动直膝抬腿、肩部灵活性、躯干稳定俯卧撑得分与其他动作相比具有显著性差异;(3)共有23人次在测试中存在疼痛,7人次存在不对称现象。结论:国家艺术体操运动员:(1)髋、肩关节灵活性较好而踝关节则较差,部分运动员腰椎灵活性过度而胸椎灵活性受限;(2)髋关节、肩胛区及核心区稳定性较差;(3)小腿三头肌柔韧性差,踝关节和髋关节外展、内收肌力失衡,部分运动员下肢不对称。纠正性训练应首先根据排序原则进行排序,其次从灵活性、稳定性、功能性力量、动作模式重建这4个方面开展针对性的训练。最后,8周的纠正性训练显著地提高了FMS得分,功能动作质量得到改善。
Objective: Using the Functional Movement Screen to test 22 athletes of the National Rhythmic Gymnastics Team. And through the analysis of the test results, the paper tries to learn the characteristics of the rhythmic gymnastics athlete's functional movement. The corrective training methods are put forward in order to improve the quality of functional movement, reduce injury and improve the level of specific training. Method: literature study, test, mathematical statistics and logical analysis. Result:(1) The FMS score of the athletes was 13.0 ±2.5 points, which indicates a great risk of injury.(2) There was a significant difference between the scores of the active straight leg raising, shoulder flexibility and trunk stability push-up and those of the other movements.(3) The subjects of the 23 person times felt pain in the test, and asymmetry was found in 7 person times. Conclusion:(1) The flexibility of the hip joint and shoulder joint of the subjects are good, but the flexibility of the ankles is poor. Some athletes have excessive flexibility of the lumber vertebra, but limited flexibility of the thoracic vertebra.(2)The stability of the hip joint, shoulder region and core area is poor.(3) The triceps surae has poor flexibility. There is abduction of ankle and hip and the imbalance of adduction muscle strength. The lower limbs of some athletes are asymmetrical. Corrective training should be arranged according to the principle of order and the following four aspects should be taken into account:flexibility, stability, functional strength and the reconstruction of movement mode. 8-week corrective training can improve the FMS scores and enhance the quality of functional movement.
Objective: Using the Functional Movement Screen to test 22 athletes of the National Rhythmic Gymnastics Team. And through the analysis of the test results, the paper tries to learn the characteristics of the rhythmic gymnastics athlete's functional movement. The corrective training methods are put forward in order to improve the quality of functional movement, reduce injury and improve the level of specific training. Method: literature study, test, mathematical statistics and logical analysis. Result:(1) The FMS score of the athletes was 13.0 ±2.5 points, which indicates a great risk of injury.(2) There was a significant difference between the scores of the active straight leg raising, shoulder flexibility and trunk stability push-up and those of the other movements.(3) The subjects of the 23 person times felt pain in the test, and asymmetry was found in 7 person times. Conclusion:(1) The flexibility of the hip joint and shoulder joint of the subjects are good, but the flexibility of the ankles is poor. Some athletes have excessive flexibility of the lumber vertebra, but limited flexibility of the thoracic vertebra.(2)The stability of the hip joint, shoulder region and core area is poor.(3) The triceps surae has poor flexibility. There is abduction of ankle and hip and the imbalance of adduction muscle strength. The lower limbs of some athletes are asymmetrical. Corrective training should be arranged according to the principle of order and the following four aspects should be taken into account:flexibility, stability, functional strength and the reconstruction of movement mode. 8-week corrective training can improve the FMS scores and enhance the quality of functional movement.
引文
[1]田麦久,刘建和,延烽,等.运动训练学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2000:184-185.
[2]李春雷,红英日,周开祥.国家艺术体操队功能性动作质量现状及矫正改善措施[J].运动,2015(105):1-3,19.
[3]Moran R.W.,Schneiders A.G.,Major K.M.,et al.How Reliable Are Functional Movement Screening Scores?A Systematic Review of Rater Reliability[J].Br.J.Sports Med.,2016,50(9):527-536.
[4]焦广发,刘徽,王海英,等.功能性运动筛查应用研究进展:评价方法、信度、标准[J].成都体育学院学报,2015,41(1):18-22.
[5]Gray Cook.动作—功能动作训练体系[M].张英波,梁林,赵洪波,译.北京:北京体育大学出版社,2011:3-16,84-106,270.
[6]王雄,沈兆喆.身体功能训练动作手册[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2014,318-333.
[7]黎涌明,资薇,陈小平.功能性动作测试(FMS)应用现状[J].中国体育科技,2013,49(6):105-111.
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[9]于成.关于FMS中深蹲动作纠正性训练的研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2017.
[10]Vanessa B.M.,Thales M.M.,Bruno M.B.The Functional Movement Screen(FMSTM)in Elite Young Soccer Players between 14 and 20 Years:Composite Score,Individual-Test Scores and Asymmetries[J].The International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy,2017,12(6):977-985.
[11]Kyle B.K.,Phillip J.P.,Michael L.V.Can Serious Injury in Professional Football be Predicted by A Preseason Functional Movement Screen?[J].North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy,2007,2(3):147-159.
[12]Bonazza N.A.,Smuin D.,Onks C.A.,et al.Reliability,Validity,and Injury Predictive Value of the Functional Movement Screen:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis[J].The American Journal of Sports Medicine,2016,45(3):725-732.
[13]高烨.艺术体操初级组初级训练阶段柔韧素质模型的构建研究[D].河北师范大学,2013.
[14]Knapik JJ,Bauman CL,Jones BH,et al.Preseason Strength and Flexibility Imbalances Associated with Athletic Injuries in Female Collegiate Athletes[J].American Journal of Sports Medicine,1991,19(1):76.
[15]Mokha M.,Sprague P.A.,Gatens D.R.Predicting Musculoskeletal Injury in National Collegiate Athletic Association DivisionⅡAthletes from Asymmetries and Individual-test Versus Composite Functional Movement Screen Scores[J].Journal of Athletic Training,2016,51(4):276-282.
[16]周龙峰,王守恒,尹军.中国击剑优秀运动员动能动作的筛查方法与数据分析[J].首都体育学院学报,2015,27(3):276-281.
[17]李雷,吕晓梅,刘彦,等.河北省职业赛艇运动员功能动作筛查结果与分析[J].河北体育学院学报,2015,29(1):70-73.
[18]赵修精,李春雷.功能动作筛查(FMS)在国家艺术体操队体能训练中的应用研究[J].运动,2015(124):30-31.
[19]Phil P.,Clark F.,Robert L.肌肉失衡的评估与治疗——杨达治疗法[M].焦颖,李阳,王松,译.北京:人民体育出版社,2016:26-27.
[20]扆铮,尹军.功能动作筛查的应用研究[J].山东体育科技,2015,37(6):75-79.
[21]周喆啸.对云南省短跑一级运动员进行FMS测试的研究分析[J].业余训练,2012(5):50-53.
[22]王雄,刘爱杰.身体功能训练团队的实践探索及发展反思[J].体育科学,2014,34(2):79-86.
[23]徐建武,刘道满,赵凡,等.功能动作测试(FMS)在优秀运动员损伤风险评估中的应用研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2014,33(9):855-859.
[24]朱海明,尹军,木志友,等.功能性动作筛查在特警队员身体训练中的应用研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2013,36(9):140-144.
[25]Cook G.,Burton L.,Barbara J.,et al.Functional Movement Screening:The Use of Functional Movements as an Assessment of Functional Part 1[J].The International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy,2014,3(9):396-409.
[26]石磊.陕西省艺术体操运动员动作模式筛查与纠正训练[J].体育世界(学术),2016,4:74-75,81.
[27]Sage Rountree.运动员恢复指南——休息、放松、储备能量达到最佳竞技状态[M].毕学翠,译.北京:北京体育大学出版社,2015:89-93.
[28]林思琦.北京青年女篮功能性动作筛查(FMS)及身体功能训练的研究[D].北京体育大学,2016.
[29]刘畅.功能性动作筛查在网球体能训练中的应用研究[D].北京体育大学,2016.
[2]李春雷,红英日,周开祥.国家艺术体操队功能性动作质量现状及矫正改善措施[J].运动,2015(105):1-3,19.
[3]Moran R.W.,Schneiders A.G.,Major K.M.,et al.How Reliable Are Functional Movement Screening Scores?A Systematic Review of Rater Reliability[J].Br.J.Sports Med.,2016,50(9):527-536.
[4]焦广发,刘徽,王海英,等.功能性运动筛查应用研究进展:评价方法、信度、标准[J].成都体育学院学报,2015,41(1):18-22.
[5]Gray Cook.动作—功能动作训练体系[M].张英波,梁林,赵洪波,译.北京:北京体育大学出版社,2011:3-16,84-106,270.
[6]王雄,沈兆喆.身体功能训练动作手册[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2014,318-333.
[7]黎涌明,资薇,陈小平.功能性动作测试(FMS)应用现状[J].中国体育科技,2013,49(6):105-111.
[8]Micheal A.C.,Scott C.L.NASM Essentials of Corrective Exercise Training[M].Wolters Kluwer Health,2011:4.
[9]于成.关于FMS中深蹲动作纠正性训练的研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2017.
[10]Vanessa B.M.,Thales M.M.,Bruno M.B.The Functional Movement Screen(FMSTM)in Elite Young Soccer Players between 14 and 20 Years:Composite Score,Individual-Test Scores and Asymmetries[J].The International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy,2017,12(6):977-985.
[11]Kyle B.K.,Phillip J.P.,Michael L.V.Can Serious Injury in Professional Football be Predicted by A Preseason Functional Movement Screen?[J].North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy,2007,2(3):147-159.
[12]Bonazza N.A.,Smuin D.,Onks C.A.,et al.Reliability,Validity,and Injury Predictive Value of the Functional Movement Screen:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis[J].The American Journal of Sports Medicine,2016,45(3):725-732.
[13]高烨.艺术体操初级组初级训练阶段柔韧素质模型的构建研究[D].河北师范大学,2013.
[14]Knapik JJ,Bauman CL,Jones BH,et al.Preseason Strength and Flexibility Imbalances Associated with Athletic Injuries in Female Collegiate Athletes[J].American Journal of Sports Medicine,1991,19(1):76.
[15]Mokha M.,Sprague P.A.,Gatens D.R.Predicting Musculoskeletal Injury in National Collegiate Athletic Association DivisionⅡAthletes from Asymmetries and Individual-test Versus Composite Functional Movement Screen Scores[J].Journal of Athletic Training,2016,51(4):276-282.
[16]周龙峰,王守恒,尹军.中国击剑优秀运动员动能动作的筛查方法与数据分析[J].首都体育学院学报,2015,27(3):276-281.
[17]李雷,吕晓梅,刘彦,等.河北省职业赛艇运动员功能动作筛查结果与分析[J].河北体育学院学报,2015,29(1):70-73.
[18]赵修精,李春雷.功能动作筛查(FMS)在国家艺术体操队体能训练中的应用研究[J].运动,2015(124):30-31.
[19]Phil P.,Clark F.,Robert L.肌肉失衡的评估与治疗——杨达治疗法[M].焦颖,李阳,王松,译.北京:人民体育出版社,2016:26-27.
[20]扆铮,尹军.功能动作筛查的应用研究[J].山东体育科技,2015,37(6):75-79.
[21]周喆啸.对云南省短跑一级运动员进行FMS测试的研究分析[J].业余训练,2012(5):50-53.
[22]王雄,刘爱杰.身体功能训练团队的实践探索及发展反思[J].体育科学,2014,34(2):79-86.
[23]徐建武,刘道满,赵凡,等.功能动作测试(FMS)在优秀运动员损伤风险评估中的应用研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2014,33(9):855-859.
[24]朱海明,尹军,木志友,等.功能性动作筛查在特警队员身体训练中的应用研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2013,36(9):140-144.
[25]Cook G.,Burton L.,Barbara J.,et al.Functional Movement Screening:The Use of Functional Movements as an Assessment of Functional Part 1[J].The International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy,2014,3(9):396-409.
[26]石磊.陕西省艺术体操运动员动作模式筛查与纠正训练[J].体育世界(学术),2016,4:74-75,81.
[27]Sage Rountree.运动员恢复指南——休息、放松、储备能量达到最佳竞技状态[M].毕学翠,译.北京:北京体育大学出版社,2015:89-93.
[28]林思琦.北京青年女篮功能性动作筛查(FMS)及身体功能训练的研究[D].北京体育大学,2016.
[29]刘畅.功能性动作筛查在网球体能训练中的应用研究[D].北京体育大学,2016.