临近空间飞行器滑橇式起落架缓冲特性分析
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摘要
可收起的滑橇式起落架能够解决临近空间飞行器机身内部空间紧张的问题。为验证滑橇式起落架的可靠性,优化滑橇式起落架的结构设计,需建立准确的滑橇式起落架动力学模型,对其落震动力学特性及影响落震性能的主要因素进行分析。文章基于某临近空间飞行器的滑橇式前起落架原型,对其进行运动学分析,建立基于ADAMS的三维落震仿真模型并进行动力学分析,得到其落震动力学特性。研究了缓冲器油孔尺寸、滑橇结构件的柔性以及滑块与地面间的摩擦因数对落震性能的影响。仿真结果表明,相同工况下滑橇式起落架的缓冲器行程比支柱式起落架短23.29%,缓冲力峰值比支柱式起落架高62.5%,油液阻尼力占缓冲器轴力的比值达到87.55%,因此滑橇式起落架不利于承受大冲击。缓冲性能受油孔尺寸影响,减小油孔面积,缓冲器载荷增大,最大行程减小。此外起落架缓冲性能还受到地面摩擦因数的影响,缓冲力峰值与缓冲器行程均随地面摩擦因数增大而增大。分析结果对可收起的滑橇式起落架的设计有一定的参考价值,有利于其在航空航天领域的应用。
The application of the retractable ski landing gear can effectively save the limited space inside the near space aircraft. It is necessary to establish accurate dynamic model of the ski landing gear and analyze the dynamic characteristics of the landing gear and its influencing factors in order to verify the reliability and optimize the structural design of the landing gear. By taking the nose ski landing gear of a certain type near space aircraft, this paper a three-dimensional falling simulation model based on ADAMS and obtains the characteristics of its downfall dynamics. Furthermore, this paper studies the effect on the cushioning performance on the shock absorber structure, the flexibility of the skid structure and the friction coefficient between the slider and the ground. The result demonstrates that the cushion stroke of the ski landing gear is 23.29% shorter than that of telescopic landing gear and the peak value of buffer force is 62.5% higher than that of telescopic landing gear under the same working conditions. And the ratio of oil damping force to the buffer force is as high as 87.55%. Therefore, ski landing gear is difficult to withstand large impact. The buffer performance is affected by the orifice area and the friction coefficient with ground. The buffer force increases and the maximum stroke reduces as the orifice area decreases. The peak buffer force and the maximum stroke increase with the increase of the ground friction coefficient. The above results will provide a reference for the design of the retractable ski landing gear and will be beneficial to its application in the aerospace field.
The application of the retractable ski landing gear can effectively save the limited space inside the near space aircraft. It is necessary to establish accurate dynamic model of the ski landing gear and analyze the dynamic characteristics of the landing gear and its influencing factors in order to verify the reliability and optimize the structural design of the landing gear. By taking the nose ski landing gear of a certain type near space aircraft, this paper a three-dimensional falling simulation model based on ADAMS and obtains the characteristics of its downfall dynamics. Furthermore, this paper studies the effect on the cushioning performance on the shock absorber structure, the flexibility of the skid structure and the friction coefficient between the slider and the ground. The result demonstrates that the cushion stroke of the ski landing gear is 23.29% shorter than that of telescopic landing gear and the peak value of buffer force is 62.5% higher than that of telescopic landing gear under the same working conditions. And the ratio of oil damping force to the buffer force is as high as 87.55%. Therefore, ski landing gear is difficult to withstand large impact. The buffer performance is affected by the orifice area and the friction coefficient with ground. The buffer force increases and the maximum stroke reduces as the orifice area decreases. The peak buffer force and the maximum stroke increase with the increase of the ground friction coefficient. The above results will provide a reference for the design of the retractable ski landing gear and will be beneficial to its application in the aerospace field.
引文
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[11]刘刚,郑宏涛,李洋.水平着陆飞行器着陆架系统耦合压缩触地过程仿真分析[J].宇航总体技术,2018,2(3):51-55.LIU Gang,ZHENG Hongtao,LI Yang.Horizontal Landing Vehicle Undercarriage Coupling Compressing Touchdown Process Simulation[J].Astronautical Systems Engineering Technology,2018,2(3):51-55.(in Chinese)
[12]张晓晴,高华峰,张闰,等.舰载机拦阻着舰机身动态响应仿真分析[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(6):8-15.ZHANG Xiaoqing,GAO Huafeng,ZHANG Run,et al.Simulation Analysis of Dynamic Response on Fuselage of Carrier-based Aircraft Arresting Landing[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2018,46(6):8-15.(in Chinese)
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[14]李占科,刘天辉.双气腔油气式缓冲器充填容差仿真分析[J].计算机仿真,2014,31(10):52-56.LI Zhanke,LIU Tianhui.Simulation Analysis of Oleo-pneumatic Damper with Two Air Chamber[J].Computer Simulation,2014,31(10):52-56.(in Chinese)
[15]聂宏.起落架的缓冲性能分析与设计及其寿命计算方法[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,1990.NIE Hong.Dynamic Behavior Analysis and Design as well as Life Prediction Method of Landing Gear[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,1990.(in Chinese)
[16]邢志伟,刘广.飞机起落架缓冲机理模型研究[J].机床与液压,2011,39(15):130-132.XING Zhiwei,LIU Guang.Modeling Research on Mechanism of Shock Absorber for Aircraft Landing Gear[J].Machine Tool and Hydraulics,2011,39(15):130-132.(in Chinese)
[17]袁东.飞机起落架仿真数学模型建立方法[J].飞行力学,2002,20(4):44-47.YUAN Dong.Establishment Method of a Landing-gear Simulation Model[J].Flight Dynamics,2002,20(4):44-47.(in Chinese)
[18]魏小辉.飞机起落架着陆动力学分析及减震技术研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2005.WEI Xiaohui.Dynamic Analysis of Aircraft Landing Impact and Vibration Attenuating Techniques[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2005.(in Chinese)
[19]隋福成,陆华.飞机起落架缓冲器数学模型研究[J].飞机设计,2001(2):44-51.SUI Fucheng,LU Hua.Simulation Model Research of Shock Absorber for Aircraft Landing Gear[J].Aircraft Design,2001(2):44-51.(in Chinese)
[20]洪学玲.基于ADAMS的小车式起落架着陆及全机滑跑动态仿真[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008.HONG Xueling.Dynamic Simulation for Landing of Track-like Landing Gear and Taxiing of Aircraft Based on Adams[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2008.(in Chinese)
[21]娄锐.飞机起落架着陆的多体系统动力学建模与仿真[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2009.LOU Rui.Aircraft Landing Gear Dynamic Modeling and Simulation for Landing Based on Multibody System Dynamics[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2009.(in Chinese)
[22]王伟,魏小辉,刘向尧,等.基于ADAMS View的飞机起落架着陆动态性能仿真[J].江苏航空,2011(S1):30-31.WANG Wei,WEI Xiaohui,LIU Xiangyao,et al.Dynamic Simulation for Landing of Landing Gear Based on Adams/view[J].2011(S1):30-31.(in Chinese)
[23]赫雄.ADAMS动力学仿真算法及参数设置分析[J].传动技术,2005,19(3):27-30.HE Xiong.The Analysis on Adams Dynamic Simulation Algorithm and Parameters Selection[J].Drive System Technique,2005,19(3):27-30.(in Chinese)
[24]浦志明,魏小辉.起落架缓冲器常油孔阻尼性能分析[J].系统仿真技术,2014,10(2):125-129.PU Zhiming,WEI Xiaohui.Damping Performance Analysis of Fixed Orifice Buffer Landing Gear[J].System Simulation Technology,2014,10(2):125-129.(in Chinese)
[25]丁勇为,张子豪,魏小辉,等.油孔几何参数对起落架落震动力学的影响研究[J].航空计算技术,2018,48(1):30-33.DING Yongwei,ZHANG Zihao,WEI Xiaohui,et al.Influence of Orifice Geometry Parameters on Landing Gear Drop Dynamics[J].Aeronautical Computing Technique,2018,48(1):30-33.(in Chinese)
[2]JENKINS D R.Book Review:Space Shuttle:The History of the National Space Transportation System/Motorbooks International[J].Sky and Telescope,1993,87(6):59.
[3]CHANG Yiwei.The First Decade of Commercial Space Tourism[J].Acta Astronautica,2015,108:79-91.
[4]姜年朝,刘国富,戴勇,等.基于ANSYS的滑橇式起落架动态设计方法研究[J].现代机械,2008(1):45-46.JIANG Nianchao,LIU Guofu,DAI Yong,et al.The Study About Dynamic Analysis of Landing Gear Based on Ansys[J].Modern Machinery,2008(1):45-46.(in Chinese)
[5]尹德新,何欢,陈国平.滑撬式起落架动力学设计与仿真[J].江苏航空,2010(S2):33-36.YIN Dexin,HE Huan,CHEN Guoping.Dynamic Design and Simulation of Ski Landing Gear[J].Jiangsu Aviation,2010(S2):33-36.(in Chinese)
[6]陶周亮,方建义,张梅.基于LS-DYNA的滑橇起落架落震分析及二次开发[J].直升机技术,2015(3):25-28.TAO Zhouliang,FANG Jianyi,ZHANG Mei.Analysis and Secondary Development of Skid Landing Gear Shock Based on LS-DYNA[J].Helicopter Technique,2015(3):25-28.(in Chinese)
[7]邢志伟,刘广.飞机起落架缓冲机理模型研究[J].机床与液压,2011,39(15):130-132.XING Zhiwei,LIU Guang.Modeling Research on Mechanism of Shock Absorber for Aircraft Landing Gear[J].Machine Tool and Hydraulics,2011,39(15):130-132.(in Chinese)
[8]王文强,聂宏,魏小辉,等.飞行器柔性起落架落震性能分析[J].机械设计与制造,2013(8):41-43.WANG Wenqiang,NIE Hong,WEI Xiaohui,et al.Simulation Research of the Flexible Landing Gear’s Falling Vibration Performance on an Aircraft[J].Machinery Design and Manufacture,2013(8):41-43.(in Chinese)
[9]张峰,杨旭锋,刘永寿,等.飞机起落架缓冲器参数可靠性灵敏度分析[J].振动工程学报,2015,28(1):67-72.ZHANG Feng,YANG Xufeng,LIU Yongshou,et al.Reliability Parameter Sensitivity Analysis for Aircraft Landing Gear Shock Absorber[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2015,28(1):67-72.(in Chinese)
[10]刘向尧,聂宏,魏小辉.大型民机起落架着陆性能仿真分析与优化设计[J].科学技术与工程,2010,10(24):6103-6108.LIU Xiangxiao,NIE Hong,WEI Xiaohui.Simulation Model and Optimization for Landing Gear Impact of Large Civil Airplane[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2010,10(24):6103-6108.(in Chinese)
[11]刘刚,郑宏涛,李洋.水平着陆飞行器着陆架系统耦合压缩触地过程仿真分析[J].宇航总体技术,2018,2(3):51-55.LIU Gang,ZHENG Hongtao,LI Yang.Horizontal Landing Vehicle Undercarriage Coupling Compressing Touchdown Process Simulation[J].Astronautical Systems Engineering Technology,2018,2(3):51-55.(in Chinese)
[12]张晓晴,高华峰,张闰,等.舰载机拦阻着舰机身动态响应仿真分析[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(6):8-15.ZHANG Xiaoqing,GAO Huafeng,ZHANG Run,et al.Simulation Analysis of Dynamic Response on Fuselage of Carrier-based Aircraft Arresting Landing[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2018,46(6):8-15.(in Chinese)
[13]刘延柱,潘振宽,戈新生.多体系统动力学[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2014:44-48.LIU Yanzhu,PAN Zhenkuan,GE Xinsheng.Dynamics of Multibody Systems[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2014:44-48.(in Chinese)
[14]李占科,刘天辉.双气腔油气式缓冲器充填容差仿真分析[J].计算机仿真,2014,31(10):52-56.LI Zhanke,LIU Tianhui.Simulation Analysis of Oleo-pneumatic Damper with Two Air Chamber[J].Computer Simulation,2014,31(10):52-56.(in Chinese)
[15]聂宏.起落架的缓冲性能分析与设计及其寿命计算方法[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,1990.NIE Hong.Dynamic Behavior Analysis and Design as well as Life Prediction Method of Landing Gear[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,1990.(in Chinese)
[16]邢志伟,刘广.飞机起落架缓冲机理模型研究[J].机床与液压,2011,39(15):130-132.XING Zhiwei,LIU Guang.Modeling Research on Mechanism of Shock Absorber for Aircraft Landing Gear[J].Machine Tool and Hydraulics,2011,39(15):130-132.(in Chinese)
[17]袁东.飞机起落架仿真数学模型建立方法[J].飞行力学,2002,20(4):44-47.YUAN Dong.Establishment Method of a Landing-gear Simulation Model[J].Flight Dynamics,2002,20(4):44-47.(in Chinese)
[18]魏小辉.飞机起落架着陆动力学分析及减震技术研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2005.WEI Xiaohui.Dynamic Analysis of Aircraft Landing Impact and Vibration Attenuating Techniques[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2005.(in Chinese)
[19]隋福成,陆华.飞机起落架缓冲器数学模型研究[J].飞机设计,2001(2):44-51.SUI Fucheng,LU Hua.Simulation Model Research of Shock Absorber for Aircraft Landing Gear[J].Aircraft Design,2001(2):44-51.(in Chinese)
[20]洪学玲.基于ADAMS的小车式起落架着陆及全机滑跑动态仿真[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008.HONG Xueling.Dynamic Simulation for Landing of Track-like Landing Gear and Taxiing of Aircraft Based on Adams[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2008.(in Chinese)
[21]娄锐.飞机起落架着陆的多体系统动力学建模与仿真[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2009.LOU Rui.Aircraft Landing Gear Dynamic Modeling and Simulation for Landing Based on Multibody System Dynamics[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2009.(in Chinese)
[22]王伟,魏小辉,刘向尧,等.基于ADAMS View的飞机起落架着陆动态性能仿真[J].江苏航空,2011(S1):30-31.WANG Wei,WEI Xiaohui,LIU Xiangyao,et al.Dynamic Simulation for Landing of Landing Gear Based on Adams/view[J].2011(S1):30-31.(in Chinese)
[23]赫雄.ADAMS动力学仿真算法及参数设置分析[J].传动技术,2005,19(3):27-30.HE Xiong.The Analysis on Adams Dynamic Simulation Algorithm and Parameters Selection[J].Drive System Technique,2005,19(3):27-30.(in Chinese)
[24]浦志明,魏小辉.起落架缓冲器常油孔阻尼性能分析[J].系统仿真技术,2014,10(2):125-129.PU Zhiming,WEI Xiaohui.Damping Performance Analysis of Fixed Orifice Buffer Landing Gear[J].System Simulation Technology,2014,10(2):125-129.(in Chinese)
[25]丁勇为,张子豪,魏小辉,等.油孔几何参数对起落架落震动力学的影响研究[J].航空计算技术,2018,48(1):30-33.DING Yongwei,ZHANG Zihao,WEI Xiaohui,et al.Influence of Orifice Geometry Parameters on Landing Gear Drop Dynamics[J].Aeronautical Computing Technique,2018,48(1):30-33.(in Chinese)