美国国防工业技术创新网络的特点及启示
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摘要
美国国防工业经过长期发展形成了多层技术创新网络体系结构,即以军工企业自身研发资源为主的核心网络层、以军工企业间合作为主的重要网络层、以产学研合作为主的相关网络层和以海外创新中心为主的外围网络层。不同网络层之间各有特点,功能各有侧重,且相互协同,为国防工业发展提供了动力。
Through a long-time development, the US defense industry has been evolved into an innovation network system with multi-tiers technology. In which, the core tie is centered around defense company's own research and development resources, the important tie is featured by the cooperation between defense companies, the correlative tie is featured by the cooperation among industry-university-research, and the outside tie is featured by oversea innovation centers. Each network tie has its own characteristics and emphases, and they cooperate with each other, to provide dynamic motivation for the development of defense industry.
Through a long-time development, the US defense industry has been evolved into an innovation network system with multi-tiers technology. In which, the core tie is centered around defense company's own research and development resources, the important tie is featured by the cooperation between defense companies, the correlative tie is featured by the cooperation among industry-university-research, and the outside tie is featured by oversea innovation centers. Each network tie has its own characteristics and emphases, and they cooperate with each other, to provide dynamic motivation for the development of defense industry.
引文
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[3]蒲小勃,许泽,吕剑.波音的“鬼怪工厂”[J].大飞机,2014(1):4-6.
[4]CRS.The Global Research and Development Landscape and Implications for the Department of Defense[EB/OL].(2018-11-08)[2018-10-20].https://crsreports.congress.gov.
[5]EU Comission.The 2017 EU R&D Scoreboard[EB/OL].(2017-10-03)[2018-10-20].http://iri.jrc.ec.europa.eu.
[6]格雷厄姆·沃里克,约瑟夫C·安塞尔莫,张昕.创新引领航空航天业未来[J].国际航空,2010(4):34-38.
[7]Rockheed martin.Shared vision:research and develop ment funding[EB/OL].(2006-12-14)[2018-10-21].http://www.bmpcoe.org/bestpractices/internal/iness_9.html.
[8]范炳健.国外军工企业技术研发模式[J].航天工业管理,2004(9):36-38.
[9]涂俊.从三重螺旋模型看美国的小企业创新政策:对美国SBIR计划和STTR计划的比较[J].科学学研究,2006(6):411-416.
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