池塘鳙鱼主养放养模式研究
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摘要
在湖北省荆门地区选择4口池塘(总面积为7.3 hm2),进行鳙鱼主养的放养模式研究。试验分别实施了不同规格鳙鱼两次投放模式,同时搭配滤食性鱼类、草食性鱼类、杂食性鱼类和凶猛肉食性鱼类(爬行类);试验池分别投喂30%左右的鳙鱼粉状饲料与颗粒饲料,少量配施生物肥培育池塘中的天然饵料;养殖中期轮捕大规格鳙鱼。结果表明,平均产量最高12 174 kg/hm2,最低6 283.5 kg/hm2,鳙鱼产量占比均超过50%。1#池、4#池投喂的粉状配合饲料,饲料成本分别为34 999.5、33 888元/hm2;2#池、3#池投喂颗粒饲料,饲料成本分别为50 334、52 614元/hm2,饲料成本差异明显。在投入产出比方面,1#池、4#池投入产出比分别为1∶2.06、1∶1.85,优于2#池、3#池投入产出比1∶1.46、1∶1.63;所选择的搭配品种中,草鱼、鲫鱼、鳊鱼对投喂鳙鱼颗粒饲料的2#池、3#池有一定的饲料竞争关系。研究过程中未出现病害情况,养殖水体易控,体现出鳙鱼养殖在大宗淡水鱼类产业中的成本优势、市场优势和生态安全优势。
In order to study pond polyculture modes with bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis as dominant stocking species, this work was carried out in four ponds with a total area of 7.3 hm2 in Jingmen city, Hubei province. Aristichthys nobilis with different body sizes were stocked in ponds at two different time. Meanwhile, the filter-feeding fish, herbivorous fish, omnivorous fish and ferocious carnivorous fish(reptiles) as supplementary fish species were cultured in the ponds primarily cultured with bighead carp. Fishes were fed with a ration of 30% Aristichthys nobilis powder and pellet feed, and simultaneously provided a small amount of biological fertilizer to cultivate natural food resources. Large-scale bighead carp were captured in the middle of the experiment period. The results showed that the highest average yield reached to 12 174 kg/hm2, and the lowest average yield was 6 283.5 kg/hm2. The production ratio of bighead carp averagely exceeded 50%. In Pond 1#and 4#, the cost of powder compound feed was 34 999.5 yuan/hm2 and 33 888 yuan/hm2, respectively. In Pond 2#and 3#, the cost of pellet feed was 50 334 yuan/hm2 and 52 614 yuan/hm2, respectively. There was a significant difference in feeding costs between two pond culture modes. As far as input-output ratio was concerned, the ratio of 1∶2.06 and 1∶1.85 were found in Pond 1#and4#, respectively, which were better than those in Pond 2#(1∶1.46) and 3#(1∶1.63). The feeding competition relationship among the polyculture species(grass carp, crucian carp, blunt-snout bream and bighead carp) was found in Pond 2#and 3#.No disease occurred during the culture period, and the water quality was easily controlled. The results showed that Arisththys nobilis culture mode has advantages in cost control, market competition, ecological benefits, and food safety in the bulky freshwater fish industry.
In order to study pond polyculture modes with bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis as dominant stocking species, this work was carried out in four ponds with a total area of 7.3 hm2 in Jingmen city, Hubei province. Aristichthys nobilis with different body sizes were stocked in ponds at two different time. Meanwhile, the filter-feeding fish, herbivorous fish, omnivorous fish and ferocious carnivorous fish(reptiles) as supplementary fish species were cultured in the ponds primarily cultured with bighead carp. Fishes were fed with a ration of 30% Aristichthys nobilis powder and pellet feed, and simultaneously provided a small amount of biological fertilizer to cultivate natural food resources. Large-scale bighead carp were captured in the middle of the experiment period. The results showed that the highest average yield reached to 12 174 kg/hm2, and the lowest average yield was 6 283.5 kg/hm2. The production ratio of bighead carp averagely exceeded 50%. In Pond 1#and 4#, the cost of powder compound feed was 34 999.5 yuan/hm2 and 33 888 yuan/hm2, respectively. In Pond 2#and 3#, the cost of pellet feed was 50 334 yuan/hm2 and 52 614 yuan/hm2, respectively. There was a significant difference in feeding costs between two pond culture modes. As far as input-output ratio was concerned, the ratio of 1∶2.06 and 1∶1.85 were found in Pond 1#and4#, respectively, which were better than those in Pond 2#(1∶1.46) and 3#(1∶1.63). The feeding competition relationship among the polyculture species(grass carp, crucian carp, blunt-snout bream and bighead carp) was found in Pond 2#and 3#.No disease occurred during the culture period, and the water quality was easily controlled. The results showed that Arisththys nobilis culture mode has advantages in cost control, market competition, ecological benefits, and food safety in the bulky freshwater fish industry.
引文
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[2]徐金根,欧阳剑峰,曹烈,等.池塘鳙鱼健康养殖技术[J].科学养鱼,2018(1):17-19.
[3]黄安翔,黎显明.浅谈鳙鱼养殖技术[J].农村经济与科技,2011(22):33.
[4]缪凌鸿,高启平,帅柯,等.鳙鱼人工配合饲料养殖方式探索[J].科学养鱼,2015,37(1):67-68.
[5]黄勇,戴新权,翟文娟.连片池塘主养大规格鳙鱼种试验[J].河南水产,2005(2):24.
[6]卢桂玲,温海深.察尔森水库池塘主养鳙鱼种高产技术总结[J].内陆水产,2001(2):18-19.
[7]万正义,傅雪军,银旭红.池塘主养大规格鳙鱼鱼种高产技术[J],科学养鱼,2012(5):83-84.
[8]张耀武.池塘主养鳙鱼鱼种高产技术[J].内陆水产,2007(4):11.
[9]许建光,李春洲.鳙鱼养殖过程中的病害防治[J].渔业致富指南,2008(7):74-75.
[10]戴春明,宋长太.生态法多种水产品混养技术[J].内陆水产,2001(2):19-20.
[11]戈贤平.我国大宗淡水鱼产业现状与发展方向[J].渔业致富指南,2013(14):17-20.
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