基于生命周期评价的烧结烟气净化技术比较
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摘要
烧结烟气是钢铁企业主要污染源之一,活性炭同时脱硫脱硝技术和半干法脱硫+SCR脱硝组合净化技术是目前实现烧结烟气综合净化处理较成熟的方案。运用生命周期评价手段,对国内某钢铁企业2种烟气净化技术进行综合评价。通过收集能源消耗、资源消耗和污染物排放清单,确定能耗分布,并计算得到相应的资源耗竭系数和环境影响负荷。结果表明:能源消耗和资源消耗方面,活性炭法优势明显,能耗和资源耗竭系数仅为半干法脱硫+SCR脱硝组合净化技术的68.38%和59.33%;环境影响方面,二者差距较小,活性炭法环境影响负荷略小。最后,依据生命周期评价结果给出相应建议,综合2种烟气净化技术生命周期评价结果,从能耗、资源消耗和环境影响的角度来看,活性炭法在烧结烟气净化领域具有明显的优势。
Emission of sintering process is one of the main sources in iron and steel enterprises. Simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification technologies of activated carbon and combination of purification technologies of semi-dry desulfurization and SCR denitrification are two mature solutions to the comprehensive purification of sintering flue gas. The method of life cycle assessment( LCA) was used to synthetically evaluate the two kinds of flue gas purification technologies employed by one steel enterprise. The distribution of energy consumption,resource depletion index and environmental impact load were obtained by collecting energy consumption,resource consumption and pollution emission inventory of the both methods. The results showed that the activated carbon method has more obvious advantages than semi-dry + SCR method,with its energy consumption and resource consuming indicators accounting for 68. 38% and 59. 33% of the latter. The two methods had little gap in the aspect of environmental impact,and the environmental impact load of the activated carbon method is slightly less than semi-dry + SCR method. Finally,based on the results of LCA,some suggestions were put forward to provide a reference for the flue gas purification engineering of iron and steel enterprises. Comprehensively considering the LCA results of two kinds of technologies,activated carbon method had greater advantages than semi-dry + SCR method in term of energy consumption,material consumption and environmental impact.
Emission of sintering process is one of the main sources in iron and steel enterprises. Simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification technologies of activated carbon and combination of purification technologies of semi-dry desulfurization and SCR denitrification are two mature solutions to the comprehensive purification of sintering flue gas. The method of life cycle assessment( LCA) was used to synthetically evaluate the two kinds of flue gas purification technologies employed by one steel enterprise. The distribution of energy consumption,resource depletion index and environmental impact load were obtained by collecting energy consumption,resource consumption and pollution emission inventory of the both methods. The results showed that the activated carbon method has more obvious advantages than semi-dry + SCR method,with its energy consumption and resource consuming indicators accounting for 68. 38% and 59. 33% of the latter. The two methods had little gap in the aspect of environmental impact,and the environmental impact load of the activated carbon method is slightly less than semi-dry + SCR method. Finally,based on the results of LCA,some suggestions were put forward to provide a reference for the flue gas purification engineering of iron and steel enterprises. Comprehensively considering the LCA results of two kinds of technologies,activated carbon method had greater advantages than semi-dry + SCR method in term of energy consumption,material consumption and environmental impact.
引文
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[20]沈培智,高麟,高海燕,等.Fe-Al金属间化合物多孔材料的抗硫化性能及其在高温含硫烟气净化中的应用[C]//膜分离技术在冶金工业中应用研讨会.北京:中国有色金属学会,2009.
[2]叶恒棣,魏进超,刘昌齐.活性炭法烧结烟气净化技术研究及应用[C]//上海:宝钢学术年会.北京:中国金属学会,2015.
[3]高继贤,刘静,曾艳,等.活性焦(炭)干法烧结烟气净化技术在钢铁行业的应用与分析:Ⅰ.工艺与技术经济分析[J].烧结球团,2012,37(1):65-69.GAO J X,LIU J,ZENG Y,et al.Application and analysis of dry activated coke(carbon)sintering flue gas purification technology in iron and steel industry:process and technical and economical analysis[J].Sintering and Pelletizing,2012,37(1):65-69.
[4]REBITZER G,EKVALL T,FRISCHKNECHT R,et al.Life cycle assessment:part 1.framework,goal and scope definition,inventory analysis,and applications[J].Environment International,2004,30(5):701-720.
[5]杨建新,王如松.生命周期评价的回顾与展望[J].环境工程学报,1998,2(6):21-28.YANG J X,WANG R S.Retrospect and prospect of life cycle assessment[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,1998,2(6):21-28.
[6]陈莎.生命周期评价与Ⅲ型环境标志认证[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[7]彭娟.基于生命周期分析的绿色供应链管理研究[J].物流科技,2009,32(2):77-79.PENG J.Research on green supply chain management based on life cycle analyses[J].Logistics Sci-Technoloty,2009,32(2):77-79.
[8]韩娟.基于LCA的垃圾焚烧厂烟气处理技术评价[D].北京:清华大学,2013.
[9]韩涛,潘卫国,王文欢.基于LCA的燃煤锅炉FGD超低排放对资源消耗与环境影响评价[J].热能动力工程,2016,31(9):75-82.HAN T,PAN W G,WANG W H.Resource consumption of the ulrea low emissions from a coal-fired boiler in the process of flue gas desulfurization(FGD)and evaluation of the impact on the environment based on the life cycle assessment[J].Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2016,31(9):75-82.
[10]张莉,王俏丽,潘淑萍,等.基于燃煤烟气污染物深度处理的电厂系统生命周期评价[J].高校化学工程学报,2016,30(3):700-708.ZHANG L,WANG Q L,PAN S P,et al.Life cycle assessment of power plants with coal-fire flue gas advanced treatment[J].Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities,2016,30(3):700-708.
[11]JOLLIET O,MLLER-WENK R,BARE J,et al.The LCIA midpoint-damage framework of the UNEP/SETAC life cycle initiative[J].International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,2004,9(9):394-404.
[12]ISO.Environmental management-life cycle assessmentprinciples and framework:ISO 14040:2006[S].Geneva:International Organization for Standardization,2006.
[13]RYDING S O.ISO 14042 Environmental management·life cycle assessment·life cycle impact assessment[J].International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,1999,4(6):307.
[14]杨建新,徐成.生命周期环境影响类型分类体系研究[J].上海环境科学,1999(6):246-248.YANG J X,XU C.Study on classification system of life-cycle environmental impact categories[J].Shanghai Environmental Science,1999(6):246-248.
[15]王红.燃煤电厂烟气脱硫工艺生命周期评估[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
[16]洪巧巧.燃煤电厂烟气脱硫脱硝除尘技术生命周期评价[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015.
[17]武民军.燃煤发电的生命周期评价[D].太原:太原理工大学,2011.
[18]杨建新,王如松,刘晶茹.中国产品生命周期影响评价方法研究[J].环境科学学报,2001,21(2):234-237.YANG J X,WANG R S,LIU J R.Methodology of life cycle impact assessment for Chinese products[J].Acta Science Circumstantiae,2001,21(2):234-237.
[19]杨建新,王寿兵.生命周期清单分析中的分配方法[J].中国环境科学,1999,19(3):285-288.YANG J X,WANG S B.Allocation rule in life-cycle inventory[J].China Environmental Science,1999,19(3):285-288.
[20]沈培智,高麟,高海燕,等.Fe-Al金属间化合物多孔材料的抗硫化性能及其在高温含硫烟气净化中的应用[C]//膜分离技术在冶金工业中应用研讨会.北京:中国有色金属学会,2009.