抗血小板聚集作用机制研究进展
|
摘要
血小板在血管损伤部位的活化聚集是正常凝血的关键步骤之一,但过度的血小板聚集会形成血栓,从而引发急性缺血事件。因此,治疗血栓性疾病的重要方向之一就是抗血小板聚集。对血小板聚集机制、抗血小板聚集作用机制、血小板聚集检测方法、抗血小板聚集药物、抗血栓作用新靶点等方面进行全面综述,希望能指导抗血小板聚集相关实验的深入研究。
The activation and aggregation of platelet at the site of vascular injury is one of the key steps of normal coagulation, but excessive platelet aggregation can cause thrombus and lead to acute ischemic events. Therefore, one of the important directions in the treatment of thrombotic diseases is anti-platelet aggregation. In this paper, the mechanism of platelet aggregation, the mechanism of anti-platelet aggregation, the detection methods of platelet aggregation, the antiplatelet aggregation drugs, the new targets of antithrombotic effect and so on are reviewed. It is hoped that it can be used to guide the further study of antiplatelet aggregation related experiments.
The activation and aggregation of platelet at the site of vascular injury is one of the key steps of normal coagulation, but excessive platelet aggregation can cause thrombus and lead to acute ischemic events. Therefore, one of the important directions in the treatment of thrombotic diseases is anti-platelet aggregation. In this paper, the mechanism of platelet aggregation, the mechanism of anti-platelet aggregation, the detection methods of platelet aggregation, the antiplatelet aggregation drugs, the new targets of antithrombotic effect and so on are reviewed. It is hoped that it can be used to guide the further study of antiplatelet aggregation related experiments.
引文
[1] Brass L. Fifty(or more)ways to leave your platelets(in a thrombus)[J]. ArteriosclerThrombVascBiol, 2004, 24(6): 989-991.
[2] 邓润洁, 寇俊萍, 余伯阳, 等. 中药有效成分抗血小板聚集作用机制研究进展[J]. 海峡药学, 2006, 18(4): 7-9.
[3] Hantgan RR, Hindriks G, Taylor RG, et al. Glycoprotein Ib, vonWillebrand factor, and glycoprotein IIb: IIIaare a11 involved inplatelet adhesion to fibrin in flowing whole blood[J]. Blood, 1990, 76(2): 345-353.
[4] A1evriadou BR, Moake JL, Turner NA, et al. Real-time analysis ofshear-dependent thrombus formation and its blockade by inhibitorsof von Willebrand factor binding to platelets[J]. Blood, 1993, 81: 1263-1276.
[5] 曹萍, 褚小兰, 范崔生, 等. 金钱草类中药的研究概况[J]. 江西医学院学报, 2005, 45(1): 110-113.
[6] 梁中琴, 朱益, 顾振纶, 等. 槲皮素抑制血小板2内皮细胞黏附及黏附分子表达川[J]. 药学学报, 2003, 38(8): 574-577.
[7] 刘连璞, 单春文, 柳息洪, 等. 虎杖4号对兔血小板超微结构的影响[J]. 第一军医大学学报, 1998, 18(2): 105-107.
[8] Crane MS, Rossi AG. Megson IL A potential role for extracellular nitric oxide generation in cGMP-independent inhibition of human platelet aggregation: biochemical and pharmacological considerations[J]. Br J Pharmacol, 2005, 144(6): 849-859.
[9] Fritsch RM, Saur D, Kurjak M, et a1. InsP3R-associated cGMP Ki-nase Substrate (IRAG)Is Essential for Nitric Oxide-induced Inhibition of Calcium Signaling in Human Colonic Smooth Muscle[J]. JBiolChem, 2004, 279(13): 12551-12559.
[10] Voetsch B, Jin RC, Loscalzo J, et al. Nitric oxide insufficiencyandatherothrombosis[J]. Histochem Cell Biol, 2004, 122(4): 353-367.
[11] Born JVR. Aggregation of blood platelets by adenosine diphosphate and its reversal[J].Nature, 1962, 194: 927-929.
[12] Fukuyama M, sakai K, Itagaki I, et al. Continuous measurement of shear-induce platelet aggregation[J]. Thromb Res, 1989, 54: 253-260.
[13] 何华, 内山真一郎. 日本的血小板凝聚机能检测技术[J]. 国外医学临床生物化学与检验学分册, 2000, 21: 327-328.
[14] Nancy SN, Susan GPK, Neal FH. Assessment of platelet function assays[J]. American Heart Journal, 1998,35: 170-178.
[15] 马国义, 陈植和, 王德成, 等. 异佛司可林对大鼠及豚鼠全血血小板聚集的抑制作用[J]. 昆明医学院学报, 1994,15:18-20.
[16] Maxkie IJ. Platelet impedence aggregation in whole blood and its inhibition by antiplatelet drugs[J]. J ClinPathol, 1984, 37:874-878.
[17] Storey RF, Heptiustall S. Laboratory investigation of platelet function[J]. Clin Lab Heam, 1999, 21: 317.
[18] Fratantoni JC, Poindexter BJ. Measuring platelet aggregation with microplatereader[J].Am J ClinPathol, 1990, 94: 613.
[19] 刘磊, 龚辉, 魏建明, 等. 流式细胞术在抗血小板治疗中的临床应用[J].复旦学报(医学版), 2014, 41(4): 540-544.
[20] 王燕慧, 张灏. 抗血小板治疗中血小板聚集功能检测的现状[J]. 国际检验医学杂志, 2011, 32(17): 1976-1978.
[21] Berger JS, Roncaglioni MC, Avanzini F, et al. Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Women and Men2A Sex2 Specific Meta2 analysis of Ran2domized Controlled Trials[J]. JAMA, 2006, 295: 306-313.
[22] 郭辉, 刘媛, 胡玉龙, 等. 抗血小板药物研究进展[J]. 中国药物与临床, 2007, 7(9): 694-695.
[23] 中华内科杂志编辑部. 规范应用阿司匹林治疗缺血性脑血管病的专家共论[J]. 中华内科杂志, 2006, 45(1): 81.
[24] 邓云, 叶松, 徐秋萍, 等. 抗血小板药物研究概述[J]. 江西中医学院学报, 2007, 19(4): 94-97.
[25] Born G. Aggregation of blood platelets by adenosine diphosphate and its reversal[J]. Nature, 1962, 194(4832): 927-929.
[26] Ahn HS, Crim W, Romano M, et al. Effects of selective inhibitors on cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases of rabbit aorta[J]. BiochemPharmacol, 1989, 38(19): 3331-3339.
[27] Diener HC, Cunha L, Forbes C, et al. European stroke prevention study 2: dipyridamole and acelylsalieylie acid in the secondary prevention of stroke[J]. J NeurolSci, 1996, 143(1-2): 1-13.
[28] 韩红路.新型抗血小板聚集剂西洛他唑[J]. 中国科技信息, 2005, 21(9): 55.
[29] Born GV. Aggregati on of blood platelets by adenosine diphosphate and its reversal[J]. Nature, 1962, 194: 927-929.
[30] Gachet C. Regulati on of platelet functions by P2 receptors[J]. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxico, 2006, 46: 277-300.
[31] Vial C, Hechler B, Leon C, et al. Presence of P2X1 purinoceptors in human platelets and megakaryoblasticcelllines[J]. Thromb, Haemost, 1997, 78: 1500-1504.
[32] Savi P. Role of P2Y1 purinocept or in ADP-induced platelet activation[J]. FEBS Lett, 1998, 422: 291-295.
[33] 张禹,于淑梅. 常用抗血小板药物的临床应用[J]. 中国临床医药研究杂志, 2008, 14(179): 122.
[34] Quinn MJ, Fitzgerald DJ. Ticlopidine and Clopidogrel[J]. Circulation, 1999, 100(15): 1667-1672.
[35] 刘宏, 侯凡凡, 梁敏. 终末糖基化产物对培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞黏附分子表达的影响[J]. 中国病理生理杂志, 2005, 21(10): 1934-1937.
[36] Jernberg T, Payne CD, Winters KJ, et al. Prasugrel achieves greater inhibition of platelet aggregation and a lower rate of nonresponders compared with clopidogrel in aspirin treated patients with stable coronary artery disease[J]. Eur Heart J, 2006, 27: 1166-1173.
[37] Greenbaum AB, Grines CL, Bittl JA, et al. Initial experience with an intravenous P2Y12 platelet receptor antagonist in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: results from a 2-part, phase II, multicenter, randomized, placebo and active-controlled trial[J]. Am Heart J, 2006,151: 1-10.
[38] 程鹏飞, 魏增泉. 抗血小板药物研究进展[J]. 世界中西医结合杂志, 2012, 7(7): 639-642.
[39] Storey RF. Cangrelor succeeds, at last, in PCI[J]. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 2013, 10(6): 302-304.
[40] Butler K, Teng R. Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics; safety and tolerability Volunteers[J]. Br Jclin Pharmacol, 2010, 70(1): 65-77.
[41] 阮长耿. 抗血小板药物研制与临床应用进展[J]. 中国药房, 2013, 24(38): 3553-3554.
[42] Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, Antonino MJ, et al. The effect of elinogrel on high platelet reactivity during dual antiplatelet therapy and the relation to CYP2C19*2 genotype: first experience in patients[J]. J Thromb Haemost, 2010, 8(1): 43-53.
[43] Leonardi S, Rao SV, Harrington RA, et al. R ationale and design of the randomized,double-blind trial testing INtrave Nous and Oral administration of elinogrel, a selective and reversible P2Y(12)-receptor inhibitor, versus clopidogrel to e VAluate Tolerability and Efficacy in nonurgent Percutaneous Coronary Interventions patients(INNOVATE-PCI)[J]. Am Heart J, 2010, 160(1): 65-72.
[44] 乔文豪, 王秀, 王佳丽, 等. 抗血小板药物药理作用和临床应用的研究进展[J]. 安徽医药, 2014, 18(9): 1621-1624.
[45] Barnes NM, Sharp T. A review of central 5-HT receptors and their function[J]. Neuropharmacology, 1999, 38(8): 1083-1152.
[46] 宋清, 张晓文, 张绒, 等. 5-羟色胺受体及亚型的研究现状[J]. 甘肃医药, 2010, 29(1): 1-3.
[47] 倪金迪, 沈国锋, 李响, 等. 抗血小板药预防脑卒中的应用进展[J]. 中国临床神经科学, 2014, 22(4): 412-416.
[48] Kajiwara I, Soejima H, Miyamoto S, et al. Effects of additional treatment of sarpogrelate to aspirin therapy on platelet aggregation and plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor activity in patients with stable effort angina[J]. Thrombosis R esearch, 2011, 128(6): 547-551.
[49] 杨永昌, 黎燕. 糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂在抗血小板治疗中的应用及其研究进展[J]. 国外医学药学分册, 2003, 30(2): 86-90.
[50] Velat GJ, Burry MV, Eskioglu E, et al. The use of abciximab in the treatment of acute cerebral thromboembolic events during neuroendovascularprocedures[J]. Surgical Neurology, 2006, 65: 352-359.
[51] Dziewierz A, Siudak Z, Rakowski T, et al. Early abciximab administration before primary percutaneous coronary intervention improves clinical outcome in elderly patients transferred with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: data from the EUROTRANSFER registry[J]. Int J Cardiol,2010, 43: 147-153.
[52] Schweiger MJ, Changezi HU, Naglieri-Prescod D, et al. Open-label, sequential comparison of eptifibatide with abciximab for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention[J]. ClinTher, 2003, 25: 225-234.
[53] Fung AY, Saw J, Starovoytov A, et al. Abbreviated infusion of eptifibatide after successful coronary intervention The BRIEF-PCI(Brief Infusion of Eptifibatide Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention)randomized trial[J]. J Am CollCardiol, 2009, 53: 837-845.
[54] Kimmelstiel C, Badar J, Covic L, et al. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the platelet GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention:implications for adjustment of tirofiban and clopidogrel dosage[J]. Thrombosis Res, 2005, 116: 55-66.
[55] Valgimigli M, Campo G, De Cesare N, et al. Tailoring treatment with tirofiban in patients showing resistance to aspirin and/or resistance to clopidogrel(3T/2R). Rationale for the study and protocol design[J]. Cardiovasc Drugs T her, 2008, 22: 313-320.
[56] Holmsen H. Significance of testing platelet functions in vitro[J]. Eur J Clin Invest, 1994, 24:3-8.
[57] LinYL,LinJK.(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallateblocksthe induction of nitric oxide synthase by down-regulating lipopolysaccharide-induced activity of transcription factor nuclear factor-κB[J]. Molecular Pharmacology,1997, 52(3): 465-472.
[58] Gao J, Morrison DC, Parmely TJ, et al. An interferon-γ-activated site (GAS) is necessary for full expression of the mouse i NOS gene in response to interferon-γand lipopolysaccharide[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry,1997, 272(2): 1226-1230.
[59] H?m?l?inen M, Nieminen R, Vuorela P, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids: genistein, kaempferol, quercetin, and daidzein inhibit STAT-1 and NF-kappa B activations, whereas flavone, isorhamnetin,naringenin, and pelargonidin inhibit only NF-kappa B activation along with their inhibitory effect on i NOS expression and NO production in activated macrophages[J]. Mediatoreof Inflammation,2007, 2007: 1-10.
[60] 杜文民, 王永铭, 汤允昭, 等. 甲基黄酮醇胺对大鼠脑血栓形成模型血小板聚集及血浆TXA2和6-keto-PGF1α水平的影响[J]. 上海医科大学学报, 1999, 26(4): 271-274.
[61] Guo Y, Fan L, Dong LY, et al. Effects of total flavone of Abelmoschlmanihot L. medic on the function ofplatelets and its mechanism [J]. Chin J Integr Med, 2005, 11(1): 57-59.
[62] 李慧媛, 胡春. 4-色酮类和4-色满酮类化合物生物活性研究概况[J]. 中国药学杂志, 2005, 40(4): 241-244.
[63] 胡春, 肖高铿, 于新章, 等. 4-色满酮Mannich碱类化合物的合成及其抗炎活性[J]. 中国药物化学杂志, 2004, 14(4): 209-214.
[64] 郑伟, 孙光, 孙宝佳, 等. 色满酮类化合物的合成及其抗炎活性研究[J]. 精细化工中间体, 2009, 39(1): 30-33.
[65] 杨俊旺, 梁永录, 李文广, 等. 吡啶-2,6(1H,3H)二酮生物碱对ADP、AA、Collagen诱导的兔血小板聚集的影响[J].中国药理学通报, 1998, 14(1): 24-26.
[66] 刘岱琳, 王欣, 王乃利, 等. 酚酸类化合物体外抗血小板聚集活性探讨[J]. 沈阳药科大学学报, 1998, 15(1): 25.
[67] 王乃利, 倪艳, 陈英杰, 等. 广枣活血有效成分的研究[J]. 沈阳药学院学报, 1987, 4(3): 203.
[68] 范华英. 丹酚酸 A 抗血小板及抗血栓作用的研究[D]. 长春:吉林大学生命科学学院, 2012.
[69] 余佳文. 怀牛膝总皂苷抗大鼠急性心肌缺血作用的研究[D]. 杭州:浙江中医药大学, 2010.
[70] 刘文, 覃燕梅, 梁念慈, 等. 半边旗中二萜类化合物5F对凝血酶诱导兔血小板聚集的影响[J].广东医学院学报, 2000, 18(1): 9-10.
[71] Theoret JF, Yacoub D, Hachem A, et al. P-selectin ligation induces platelet activation and enhances microaggregate and thrombus formation[J]. Thromb Res, 2011, 128 (3): 243-250.
[72] Pamukcu B, Lip GY, Snezhitskit V, et al. The CD40-CD40L system in cardiovascular disease[J]. Ann Med, 2011, 43(5): 331-340.
[73] Eeman C, Stenhoff J, Dahlback B. Gas6 is complexed to the soluble tyrosine kinase receptor Axl in human blood[J]. J ThrombHaemost, 2010, 8(4): 838-844.
[74] Angelillo-Scherrer A, Burnier L, Flores N, et al. Role of Gas6 receptors in platelet signaling during thrombus stabilization and implications for antithrombotic therapy[J]. J Clin Invest, 2005, 115(2): 237-246.
[75] Maree AO, Jneid H, Palacios IF, et al. Growth arrest specific gene (GAS) 6 modulates platelet thrombus formation and vascular wall homeostasis and represents an attractive drug target[J]. Curr Pharm Des, 2007, 13(26): 2656-2661.
[76] Angelillo-Scherrer A, Defrutos P, Aparicio C, et al. Deficiency or inhibition of Gas6 causes platelet dysfunction and protects mice against thrombosis[J]. Nat Med, 2001, 7(2): 215-221.
[2] 邓润洁, 寇俊萍, 余伯阳, 等. 中药有效成分抗血小板聚集作用机制研究进展[J]. 海峡药学, 2006, 18(4): 7-9.
[3] Hantgan RR, Hindriks G, Taylor RG, et al. Glycoprotein Ib, vonWillebrand factor, and glycoprotein IIb: IIIaare a11 involved inplatelet adhesion to fibrin in flowing whole blood[J]. Blood, 1990, 76(2): 345-353.
[4] A1evriadou BR, Moake JL, Turner NA, et al. Real-time analysis ofshear-dependent thrombus formation and its blockade by inhibitorsof von Willebrand factor binding to platelets[J]. Blood, 1993, 81: 1263-1276.
[5] 曹萍, 褚小兰, 范崔生, 等. 金钱草类中药的研究概况[J]. 江西医学院学报, 2005, 45(1): 110-113.
[6] 梁中琴, 朱益, 顾振纶, 等. 槲皮素抑制血小板2内皮细胞黏附及黏附分子表达川[J]. 药学学报, 2003, 38(8): 574-577.
[7] 刘连璞, 单春文, 柳息洪, 等. 虎杖4号对兔血小板超微结构的影响[J]. 第一军医大学学报, 1998, 18(2): 105-107.
[8] Crane MS, Rossi AG. Megson IL A potential role for extracellular nitric oxide generation in cGMP-independent inhibition of human platelet aggregation: biochemical and pharmacological considerations[J]. Br J Pharmacol, 2005, 144(6): 849-859.
[9] Fritsch RM, Saur D, Kurjak M, et a1. InsP3R-associated cGMP Ki-nase Substrate (IRAG)Is Essential for Nitric Oxide-induced Inhibition of Calcium Signaling in Human Colonic Smooth Muscle[J]. JBiolChem, 2004, 279(13): 12551-12559.
[10] Voetsch B, Jin RC, Loscalzo J, et al. Nitric oxide insufficiencyandatherothrombosis[J]. Histochem Cell Biol, 2004, 122(4): 353-367.
[11] Born JVR. Aggregation of blood platelets by adenosine diphosphate and its reversal[J].Nature, 1962, 194: 927-929.
[12] Fukuyama M, sakai K, Itagaki I, et al. Continuous measurement of shear-induce platelet aggregation[J]. Thromb Res, 1989, 54: 253-260.
[13] 何华, 内山真一郎. 日本的血小板凝聚机能检测技术[J]. 国外医学临床生物化学与检验学分册, 2000, 21: 327-328.
[14] Nancy SN, Susan GPK, Neal FH. Assessment of platelet function assays[J]. American Heart Journal, 1998,35: 170-178.
[15] 马国义, 陈植和, 王德成, 等. 异佛司可林对大鼠及豚鼠全血血小板聚集的抑制作用[J]. 昆明医学院学报, 1994,15:18-20.
[16] Maxkie IJ. Platelet impedence aggregation in whole blood and its inhibition by antiplatelet drugs[J]. J ClinPathol, 1984, 37:874-878.
[17] Storey RF, Heptiustall S. Laboratory investigation of platelet function[J]. Clin Lab Heam, 1999, 21: 317.
[18] Fratantoni JC, Poindexter BJ. Measuring platelet aggregation with microplatereader[J].Am J ClinPathol, 1990, 94: 613.
[19] 刘磊, 龚辉, 魏建明, 等. 流式细胞术在抗血小板治疗中的临床应用[J].复旦学报(医学版), 2014, 41(4): 540-544.
[20] 王燕慧, 张灏. 抗血小板治疗中血小板聚集功能检测的现状[J]. 国际检验医学杂志, 2011, 32(17): 1976-1978.
[21] Berger JS, Roncaglioni MC, Avanzini F, et al. Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Women and Men2A Sex2 Specific Meta2 analysis of Ran2domized Controlled Trials[J]. JAMA, 2006, 295: 306-313.
[22] 郭辉, 刘媛, 胡玉龙, 等. 抗血小板药物研究进展[J]. 中国药物与临床, 2007, 7(9): 694-695.
[23] 中华内科杂志编辑部. 规范应用阿司匹林治疗缺血性脑血管病的专家共论[J]. 中华内科杂志, 2006, 45(1): 81.
[24] 邓云, 叶松, 徐秋萍, 等. 抗血小板药物研究概述[J]. 江西中医学院学报, 2007, 19(4): 94-97.
[25] Born G. Aggregation of blood platelets by adenosine diphosphate and its reversal[J]. Nature, 1962, 194(4832): 927-929.
[26] Ahn HS, Crim W, Romano M, et al. Effects of selective inhibitors on cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases of rabbit aorta[J]. BiochemPharmacol, 1989, 38(19): 3331-3339.
[27] Diener HC, Cunha L, Forbes C, et al. European stroke prevention study 2: dipyridamole and acelylsalieylie acid in the secondary prevention of stroke[J]. J NeurolSci, 1996, 143(1-2): 1-13.
[28] 韩红路.新型抗血小板聚集剂西洛他唑[J]. 中国科技信息, 2005, 21(9): 55.
[29] Born GV. Aggregati on of blood platelets by adenosine diphosphate and its reversal[J]. Nature, 1962, 194: 927-929.
[30] Gachet C. Regulati on of platelet functions by P2 receptors[J]. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxico, 2006, 46: 277-300.
[31] Vial C, Hechler B, Leon C, et al. Presence of P2X1 purinoceptors in human platelets and megakaryoblasticcelllines[J]. Thromb, Haemost, 1997, 78: 1500-1504.
[32] Savi P. Role of P2Y1 purinocept or in ADP-induced platelet activation[J]. FEBS Lett, 1998, 422: 291-295.
[33] 张禹,于淑梅. 常用抗血小板药物的临床应用[J]. 中国临床医药研究杂志, 2008, 14(179): 122.
[34] Quinn MJ, Fitzgerald DJ. Ticlopidine and Clopidogrel[J]. Circulation, 1999, 100(15): 1667-1672.
[35] 刘宏, 侯凡凡, 梁敏. 终末糖基化产物对培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞黏附分子表达的影响[J]. 中国病理生理杂志, 2005, 21(10): 1934-1937.
[36] Jernberg T, Payne CD, Winters KJ, et al. Prasugrel achieves greater inhibition of platelet aggregation and a lower rate of nonresponders compared with clopidogrel in aspirin treated patients with stable coronary artery disease[J]. Eur Heart J, 2006, 27: 1166-1173.
[37] Greenbaum AB, Grines CL, Bittl JA, et al. Initial experience with an intravenous P2Y12 platelet receptor antagonist in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: results from a 2-part, phase II, multicenter, randomized, placebo and active-controlled trial[J]. Am Heart J, 2006,151: 1-10.
[38] 程鹏飞, 魏增泉. 抗血小板药物研究进展[J]. 世界中西医结合杂志, 2012, 7(7): 639-642.
[39] Storey RF. Cangrelor succeeds, at last, in PCI[J]. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 2013, 10(6): 302-304.
[40] Butler K, Teng R. Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics; safety and tolerability Volunteers[J]. Br Jclin Pharmacol, 2010, 70(1): 65-77.
[41] 阮长耿. 抗血小板药物研制与临床应用进展[J]. 中国药房, 2013, 24(38): 3553-3554.
[42] Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, Antonino MJ, et al. The effect of elinogrel on high platelet reactivity during dual antiplatelet therapy and the relation to CYP2C19*2 genotype: first experience in patients[J]. J Thromb Haemost, 2010, 8(1): 43-53.
[43] Leonardi S, Rao SV, Harrington RA, et al. R ationale and design of the randomized,double-blind trial testing INtrave Nous and Oral administration of elinogrel, a selective and reversible P2Y(12)-receptor inhibitor, versus clopidogrel to e VAluate Tolerability and Efficacy in nonurgent Percutaneous Coronary Interventions patients(INNOVATE-PCI)[J]. Am Heart J, 2010, 160(1): 65-72.
[44] 乔文豪, 王秀, 王佳丽, 等. 抗血小板药物药理作用和临床应用的研究进展[J]. 安徽医药, 2014, 18(9): 1621-1624.
[45] Barnes NM, Sharp T. A review of central 5-HT receptors and their function[J]. Neuropharmacology, 1999, 38(8): 1083-1152.
[46] 宋清, 张晓文, 张绒, 等. 5-羟色胺受体及亚型的研究现状[J]. 甘肃医药, 2010, 29(1): 1-3.
[47] 倪金迪, 沈国锋, 李响, 等. 抗血小板药预防脑卒中的应用进展[J]. 中国临床神经科学, 2014, 22(4): 412-416.
[48] Kajiwara I, Soejima H, Miyamoto S, et al. Effects of additional treatment of sarpogrelate to aspirin therapy on platelet aggregation and plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor activity in patients with stable effort angina[J]. Thrombosis R esearch, 2011, 128(6): 547-551.
[49] 杨永昌, 黎燕. 糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂在抗血小板治疗中的应用及其研究进展[J]. 国外医学药学分册, 2003, 30(2): 86-90.
[50] Velat GJ, Burry MV, Eskioglu E, et al. The use of abciximab in the treatment of acute cerebral thromboembolic events during neuroendovascularprocedures[J]. Surgical Neurology, 2006, 65: 352-359.
[51] Dziewierz A, Siudak Z, Rakowski T, et al. Early abciximab administration before primary percutaneous coronary intervention improves clinical outcome in elderly patients transferred with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: data from the EUROTRANSFER registry[J]. Int J Cardiol,2010, 43: 147-153.
[52] Schweiger MJ, Changezi HU, Naglieri-Prescod D, et al. Open-label, sequential comparison of eptifibatide with abciximab for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention[J]. ClinTher, 2003, 25: 225-234.
[53] Fung AY, Saw J, Starovoytov A, et al. Abbreviated infusion of eptifibatide after successful coronary intervention The BRIEF-PCI(Brief Infusion of Eptifibatide Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention)randomized trial[J]. J Am CollCardiol, 2009, 53: 837-845.
[54] Kimmelstiel C, Badar J, Covic L, et al. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the platelet GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention:implications for adjustment of tirofiban and clopidogrel dosage[J]. Thrombosis Res, 2005, 116: 55-66.
[55] Valgimigli M, Campo G, De Cesare N, et al. Tailoring treatment with tirofiban in patients showing resistance to aspirin and/or resistance to clopidogrel(3T/2R). Rationale for the study and protocol design[J]. Cardiovasc Drugs T her, 2008, 22: 313-320.
[56] Holmsen H. Significance of testing platelet functions in vitro[J]. Eur J Clin Invest, 1994, 24:3-8.
[57] LinYL,LinJK.(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallateblocksthe induction of nitric oxide synthase by down-regulating lipopolysaccharide-induced activity of transcription factor nuclear factor-κB[J]. Molecular Pharmacology,1997, 52(3): 465-472.
[58] Gao J, Morrison DC, Parmely TJ, et al. An interferon-γ-activated site (GAS) is necessary for full expression of the mouse i NOS gene in response to interferon-γand lipopolysaccharide[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry,1997, 272(2): 1226-1230.
[59] H?m?l?inen M, Nieminen R, Vuorela P, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids: genistein, kaempferol, quercetin, and daidzein inhibit STAT-1 and NF-kappa B activations, whereas flavone, isorhamnetin,naringenin, and pelargonidin inhibit only NF-kappa B activation along with their inhibitory effect on i NOS expression and NO production in activated macrophages[J]. Mediatoreof Inflammation,2007, 2007: 1-10.
[60] 杜文民, 王永铭, 汤允昭, 等. 甲基黄酮醇胺对大鼠脑血栓形成模型血小板聚集及血浆TXA2和6-keto-PGF1α水平的影响[J]. 上海医科大学学报, 1999, 26(4): 271-274.
[61] Guo Y, Fan L, Dong LY, et al. Effects of total flavone of Abelmoschlmanihot L. medic on the function ofplatelets and its mechanism [J]. Chin J Integr Med, 2005, 11(1): 57-59.
[62] 李慧媛, 胡春. 4-色酮类和4-色满酮类化合物生物活性研究概况[J]. 中国药学杂志, 2005, 40(4): 241-244.
[63] 胡春, 肖高铿, 于新章, 等. 4-色满酮Mannich碱类化合物的合成及其抗炎活性[J]. 中国药物化学杂志, 2004, 14(4): 209-214.
[64] 郑伟, 孙光, 孙宝佳, 等. 色满酮类化合物的合成及其抗炎活性研究[J]. 精细化工中间体, 2009, 39(1): 30-33.
[65] 杨俊旺, 梁永录, 李文广, 等. 吡啶-2,6(1H,3H)二酮生物碱对ADP、AA、Collagen诱导的兔血小板聚集的影响[J].中国药理学通报, 1998, 14(1): 24-26.
[66] 刘岱琳, 王欣, 王乃利, 等. 酚酸类化合物体外抗血小板聚集活性探讨[J]. 沈阳药科大学学报, 1998, 15(1): 25.
[67] 王乃利, 倪艳, 陈英杰, 等. 广枣活血有效成分的研究[J]. 沈阳药学院学报, 1987, 4(3): 203.
[68] 范华英. 丹酚酸 A 抗血小板及抗血栓作用的研究[D]. 长春:吉林大学生命科学学院, 2012.
[69] 余佳文. 怀牛膝总皂苷抗大鼠急性心肌缺血作用的研究[D]. 杭州:浙江中医药大学, 2010.
[70] 刘文, 覃燕梅, 梁念慈, 等. 半边旗中二萜类化合物5F对凝血酶诱导兔血小板聚集的影响[J].广东医学院学报, 2000, 18(1): 9-10.
[71] Theoret JF, Yacoub D, Hachem A, et al. P-selectin ligation induces platelet activation and enhances microaggregate and thrombus formation[J]. Thromb Res, 2011, 128 (3): 243-250.
[72] Pamukcu B, Lip GY, Snezhitskit V, et al. The CD40-CD40L system in cardiovascular disease[J]. Ann Med, 2011, 43(5): 331-340.
[73] Eeman C, Stenhoff J, Dahlback B. Gas6 is complexed to the soluble tyrosine kinase receptor Axl in human blood[J]. J ThrombHaemost, 2010, 8(4): 838-844.
[74] Angelillo-Scherrer A, Burnier L, Flores N, et al. Role of Gas6 receptors in platelet signaling during thrombus stabilization and implications for antithrombotic therapy[J]. J Clin Invest, 2005, 115(2): 237-246.
[75] Maree AO, Jneid H, Palacios IF, et al. Growth arrest specific gene (GAS) 6 modulates platelet thrombus formation and vascular wall homeostasis and represents an attractive drug target[J]. Curr Pharm Des, 2007, 13(26): 2656-2661.
[76] Angelillo-Scherrer A, Defrutos P, Aparicio C, et al. Deficiency or inhibition of Gas6 causes platelet dysfunction and protects mice against thrombosis[J]. Nat Med, 2001, 7(2): 215-221.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |