抚仙湖表层沉积物AVS与SEM分布特征及其生态风险评估
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摘要
以高原深水抚仙湖为研究对象,分析了全湖16个样点表层沉积物(0～5 cm)的酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)和同步提取重金属(SEM)的分布特征,并利用∑SEM和AVS的物质的量浓度比对全湖重金属潜在生态风险进行了评估.结果表明:AVS在南北湖区分布存在明显差异,南部湖区分布均匀,平均含量仅为0.074±0.043μmol/g,而北部湖区则由湖岸带向北湖心(N9)呈现出递增趋势,平均含量高达0.317±0.485μmol/g. SEM在南北湖区分布较为集中,南部湖区主要集中在路居河口(S2),北部湖区主要分布在老凹地(N5)和东大河口(N4).除牛摩河口(S5)、梁王河口(N3)和北湖心(N9)外,其余所有点位[∑SEM]/[AVS]>1,且南部湖区平均[∑SEM]/[AVS]值(3.51±1.91)显著高于北湖湖区(2.19±2.10).因此抚仙湖全湖尤其是南部湖区重金属生态风险应引起高度重视.
The concentrations of acid volatile sulfide( AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals( SEM) were analyzed in 16 surface sediment samples( 0-5 cm) from Lake Fuxian. The potential ecological risks of heavy metals were also evaluated by the molar ratio of ∑SEM to AVS. Results show that obvious distinction of AVS distribution are existed in the south and north lake zone. There is uniform distribution in the south lake zone which has an average AVS concentration of 0.074±0.043 μmol/g. However,the north lake zone displays a increasing trend from the littoral to pelagic area( N9) and has an average AVS concentration as high as 0.317±0.485 μmol/g. SEM is mainly concentrated at two points,Laoaodi( N5) and Dongda River estuary( N4) in the north lake zone.As for the south lake zone,SEM is mainly concentrated at S2,Luju River estuary. With the exception of Niumo River estuary( S5),Liangwang River estuary( N3) and N9,[∑SEM]/[AVS]of all the remaining sites are higher than 1,and the average[∑SEM]/[AVS]in south lake zone( 3.51±1.91) significantly exceeds that in north lake zone( 2.19±2.10). Therefore,ecological risk in Lake Fuxian especially in south lake zone should be taken seriously.
The concentrations of acid volatile sulfide( AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals( SEM) were analyzed in 16 surface sediment samples( 0-5 cm) from Lake Fuxian. The potential ecological risks of heavy metals were also evaluated by the molar ratio of ∑SEM to AVS. Results show that obvious distinction of AVS distribution are existed in the south and north lake zone. There is uniform distribution in the south lake zone which has an average AVS concentration of 0.074±0.043 μmol/g. However,the north lake zone displays a increasing trend from the littoral to pelagic area( N9) and has an average AVS concentration as high as 0.317±0.485 μmol/g. SEM is mainly concentrated at two points,Laoaodi( N5) and Dongda River estuary( N4) in the north lake zone.As for the south lake zone,SEM is mainly concentrated at S2,Luju River estuary. With the exception of Niumo River estuary( S5),Liangwang River estuary( N3) and N9,[∑SEM]/[AVS]of all the remaining sites are higher than 1,and the average[∑SEM]/[AVS]in south lake zone( 3.51±1.91) significantly exceeds that in north lake zone( 2.19±2.10). Therefore,ecological risk in Lake Fuxian especially in south lake zone should be taken seriously.
引文
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[2] Kumar RN,Solanki R,Kumar JI. Seasonal variation in heavy metal contamination in water and sediments of river Sabarmati and Kharicut canal at Ahmedabad,Gujarat. Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2013,185(1):359-368.
[3] Zahra A,Hashmi MZ,Malik RN et al. Enrichment and geo-accumulation of heavy metals and risk assessment of sediments of the Kurang Nallah-Feeding tributary of the Rawal Lake Reservoir,Pakistan. Science of the Total Environment,2014,470/471(2):925.
[4] Feng H,Han X,Zhang W et al. A preliminary study of heavy metal contamination in Yangtze River intertidal zone due to urbanization. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2004,49(11/12):910-915.
[5] Ankley GT,Toro DM,Hansen DJ et al. Technical basis and proposal for deriving sediment quality criteria for metals. Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,1996,15(12):2056-2066.
[6] Mark GC,Robert MB,Kester DR. Release and phase partitioning of metals from anoxic estuarine sediments during periods of simulated resuspension. Environmental Science&Technology,2002,36(24):5328-5334.
[7] Atkinson CA,Jolley DF,Simpson SL. Effect of overlying water p H,dissolved oxygen,salinity and sediment disturbances on metal release and sequestration from metal contaminated marine sediments. Chemosphere,2007,69(9):1428.
[8] Fan CX ed. Standard for investigation of lake sediments. Beijing:China Science Press,2017.[范成新.湖泊沉积物调查规范.北京:科学出版社,2017.]
[9] Kwon YT,Lee CW. Ecological risk assessment of sediment in wastewater discharging area by means of metal speciation.Microchemical Journal,2001,70(3):255-264.
[10] Akcay H,Oguz A,Karapire C. Study of heavy metal pollution and speciation in Buyak Menderes and Gediz river sediments. Water Research,2003,37(4):813-822.
[11] Bi B,Lu SY,Yu YJ et al. Research progress on the speciation of heavy metals in lake sediments. Science&Technology Review,2016,34(18):162-169.[毕斌,卢少勇,于亚军.湖泊沉积物重金属赋存形态研究进展.科技导报,2016,34(18):162-169.]
[12] Howard DE,Evans RD. Acid-volatile sulfide(AVS)in a seasonally anoxic mesotrophic lake:Seasonal and spatial changes in sediment AVS. Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,2010,12(6):1051-1057.
[13] Wolfenden S,Charnock JM,Hilton J et al. Sulfide species as a sink for mercury in lake sediments. Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(17):6644-6648.
[14] Toro DMD,Mahony JD,Hansen DJ et al. Acid volatile sulfide predicts the acute toxicity of cadmium and nickel in sediments. Environmental Science&Technology,1992,26(1):96-101.
[15] Hare L,Carignan R,Huerta-Diaz MA. A field study of metal toxicity and accumulation by benthic invertebrates; implications for the acid-volatile sulfide(AVS)model. Limnology&Oceanography,1994,39(7):1653-1668.
[16] Yin HB,Fan CX,Cai YJ. Distribution characteristic and correlation of AVS and SEM in surface sediments of Lake Taihu.J Lake Sci,2008,20(5):585-590. DOI:10.18307/2008.0506.[尹洪斌,范成新,蔡永久.太湖表层沉积物AVS与SEM分布特征及相互关系.湖泊科学,2008,20(5):585-590.]
[17] Sun WW,Wang DQ,Chen ZL et al. Contents and spatial distributions of AVS and SEM in Wusong-Liuhe coastal sedi-ments in Yangtze Estuary. Geochimica,2009,38(2):140-146.[孙玮玮,王东启,陈振楼等.长江口吴淞-浏河滨岸带沉积物AVS和SEM含量的空间分布特征.地球化学,2009,38(2):140-146.]
[18] Nan DQQG,He J,Lv CW et al. Distribution of acid volatile sulfide and simultaneously extracted metals and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments from Lake Daihai. Journal of Agro-environment Science,2014,33(1):155-161.[楠定其其格,何江,吕昌伟等.岱海沉积物中AVS-SEM分布特征及重金属生物有效性研究.农业环境科学学报,2014,33(1):155-161.]
[19] Song YY,Feng MH,Su ZG et al. Vertical distribution of chamical speciation of phosphorus in sediments from different sources of Lake Fuxian. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(9):2579-2589.[宋媛媛,冯慕华,苏争光等.抚仙湖不同来源沉积物磷形态垂向分布特征.环境科学学报,2013,33(9):2579-2589.]
[20] Zeng HA,Wu JL. Recent fifty-year sedimentary record of heavy metal pollution in the Fuxian Lake. Quaternary Sciences,2007,27(1):128-132.[曾海鳌,吴敬禄.近50年来抚仙湖重金属污染的沉积记录.第四纪研究,2007,27(1):128-132.]
[21] Li YX,Liu H,Lu Y et al. Preliminary studies on eutrophication in Fuxian Lake. J Lake Sci,2003,15(3):285-288.DOI:10.18307/2003.0315.[李荫玺,刘红,陆娅等.抚仙湖富营养化初探.湖泊科学,2003,15(3):285-288.]
[22] Liu G,Liu Z,Li Y et al. Effects of fish introduction and eutrophication on the cladoceran community in Lake Fuxian,a deep oligotrophic lake in southwest China. Journal of Paleolimnology,2009,42(3):427-435.
[23] He HC,Ding HY,Zhang ZK et al. Grain-size characteristics and their environmental significance of Hongze Lake sediments. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2005,25(5):590-596.[何华春,丁海燕,张振克等.淮河中下游洪泽湖湖泊沉积物粒度特征及其沉积环境意义.地理科学,2005,25(5):590-596.]
[24] Hsieh YP,Shieh YN. Analysis of reduced inorganic sulfur by diffusion methods:improved apparatus and evaluation for sulfur isotopic studies. Chemical Geology,1997,137(3):255-261.
[25] Ulrich GA,Krumholz LR,Suflita JM. A rapid and simple method for estimating sulfate reduction activity and quantifying inorganic sulfides. Applied&Environmental Microbiology,1997,63(4):1627-1630.
[26] Zhang L. Characteristics on heavy metal pollution in the sediments from Lake Chaohu[Dissertation]. Beiing:Beiing Jiaotong University.[张蕾.巢湖沉积物重金属污染特征研究[学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2009.]
[27] Chen M. The influences of physical and chemical factors on iron and sulfur biogeochemical cycling in sediments of Lake Taihu[Dissertation]. Nanjing:Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2015.[陈默.不同理化因素对太湖沉积物中铁、硫元素生物地球化学循环的影响[学位论文].南京:中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,2015.]
[28] Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences ed. Lake Fuxian. Beijing:Ocean Press,1990.[中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所.抚仙湖.北京:海洋出版社,1990.]
[29] Oehm NJ,Luben TJ,Ostrofsky ML. Spatial distribution of acid-volatile sulfur in the sediments of Canadohta Lake,PA.Hydrobiologia,1997,345(1):79-85.
[30] Griethuysena CV,Meijboom EW,Koelmans AA. Spatial variation of metals and acid volatile sulfide in floodplain lake sediment. Environmental Toxicology&Chemistry,2003,22(3):457.
[31] Oehm NJ,Luben TJ,Ostrofsky ML. Spatial distribution of acid-volatile sulfur in the sediments of Canadohta Lake,PA.Hydrobiologia,1997,345(1):79-85.
[32] Chen X,Feng M,Ke F et al. Source and biogeochemical distribution of organic matter in surface sediment in the deep oligotrophic Lake Fuxian,China. Aquatic Geochemistry,2018,24(1):55-77.
[33] Higashino M. Quantifying a significance of sediment particle size to hyporheic sedimentary oxygen demand with a permeable stream bed. Environmental Fluid Mechanics,2013,13(3):227-241.
[34] Yan T,Liu EF,Zhang EL et al. The spatio-temporal variations of heavy metals in the sediment of Lake Fuxian and the contamination assessment. J Lake Sci,2016,28(1):50-58. DOI:10.18307/2016.0106.[燕婷,刘恩峰,张恩楼等.抚仙湖沉积物重金属时空变化与人为污染评价.湖泊科学,2016,28(1):50-58.]
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