非饱和冻土渗透系数测定装置分析与设计
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摘要
地下冰的存在使寒区与非寒区土壤渗透系数测定存在明显差异。通过分析设计寒区非饱和冻土渗透系数试验装置,改进了原有装置的不足,容器中的溶液选用乳糖溶液在可控的温度范围内不结冰;试验装置在恒定低温条件下进行。乳糖的浓度应同土壤中的水有相同的热力学平衡。测定装置使水流流量与水力梯度成线性变化。
Ground ice makes the investigation of soils'hydraulic conductivity difference between cold area and non-cold area.This article aims to analyze and design the device of non-saturated frozen soil's hydraulic conductivity.Through reasonable design and improved device,this experimental device uses lactose as inert liquid,keeps the solution of the container no longer to freeze in the controllable temperature range.And this device has a great improvement in terms of temperature control,which makes the test in constant controllable conditions at low temperature.The concentration of lactose is such that,initially,the water in the reservoirs is in thermodynamic equilibrium with the water in the soil.On application of pressure to one reservoir a known hydraulic gradient is established and flow takes place,flow is shown to vary linearly with hydraulic gradient.
Ground ice makes the investigation of soils'hydraulic conductivity difference between cold area and non-cold area.This article aims to analyze and design the device of non-saturated frozen soil's hydraulic conductivity.Through reasonable design and improved device,this experimental device uses lactose as inert liquid,keeps the solution of the container no longer to freeze in the controllable temperature range.And this device has a great improvement in terms of temperature control,which makes the test in constant controllable conditions at low temperature.The concentration of lactose is such that,initially,the water in the reservoirs is in thermodynamic equilibrium with the water in the soil.On application of pressure to one reservoir a known hydraulic gradient is established and flow takes place,flow is shown to vary linearly with hydraulic gradient.
引文
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[15]戴长雷,孙思淼,叶勇.高寒区土壤包气带融雪入渗特征及其影响因素分析[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(3):269-272.
[16]郑秀清,陈军锋,邢述彦,等.季节性冻融期耕作层土壤温度及土壤冻融特性的试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,(3):65-68.
[17]戴长雷,常龙艳,梁丽青,等.积雪和冻土保墒监测试验方案分析与设计[J].黑龙江大学工程学报,2011,2(4):27-32.
[18]令锋,吴紫汪.渗流对多年冻土区路基温度场影响的数值模拟[J].冰川冻土,1999,(2):115-119.
[19]Qi Peng,Dai Changlei,Gao Yu,et al.Overview of research methods of frozen soil hydrology in Heilongjiang Province[J].Journal of Engineering of Heilongjiang University,2014,5(3):274-280.
[20]戴长雷,常龙艳,孙思淼,等.寒区冻土层水理性质研究[J].黑龙江大学工程学报,2013,4(2):1-9.
[2]陈晓飞,田静,张雪萍,等.积雪融雪过程中水、热、溶质耦合运移规律的研究进展[J].冰川冻土,2006,(2):288-292.
[3]冯宝平.入渗条件下,温度对土壤水分运动及参数影响的试验研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2001.
[4]魏丹.积雪及下伏冻土中的水、热、盐运移规律的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2007.
[5]车茜.基于BP神经网络的季节冻土水分迁移机理研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2008.
[6]吕雅洁.哈尔滨地区冻层土壤水热参数监测试验研究[D].哈尔滨:黑龙江大学,2013.
[7]常龙艳.冻层持水性质对寒区冻土保墒的影响研究[D].哈尔滨:黑龙江大学,2014.
[8]商允虎.寒区冻土水理性质特征参数综合试验研究[D].哈尔滨:黑龙江大学,2015.
[9]董宏志,王清,于莉,等.长春季节性冻土地区土体微观结构与水分迁移的关系[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,(2):62-65.
[10]魏丹,陈晓飞,王铁良,等.不同积雪覆盖条件下土壤冻结状况及水分的迁移规律[J].安徽农业科学,2007,(12):3 570-3 572.
[11]BURT T P,WILLIAMS P J.Hydraulic conductivity in frozen soils[J].Earth Surface Processes,1976,1(3):349-360.
[12]Still Benjamin,Yang Zhaohui(Joey),Ge Xiaoxuan.Sampling,machining,and testing of naturally frozen soils[J].Mechanical Properties of Frozen Soils,2013,13(5):843-858.
[13](Derick)Nixon J F.Discrete ice lens theory for frost heave in soils[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1991,2(3):51-59.
[14]王晓巍.北方季节性冻土的冻融规律分析及水文特性模拟[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2010.
[15]戴长雷,孙思淼,叶勇.高寒区土壤包气带融雪入渗特征及其影响因素分析[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(3):269-272.
[16]郑秀清,陈军锋,邢述彦,等.季节性冻融期耕作层土壤温度及土壤冻融特性的试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,(3):65-68.
[17]戴长雷,常龙艳,梁丽青,等.积雪和冻土保墒监测试验方案分析与设计[J].黑龙江大学工程学报,2011,2(4):27-32.
[18]令锋,吴紫汪.渗流对多年冻土区路基温度场影响的数值模拟[J].冰川冻土,1999,(2):115-119.
[19]Qi Peng,Dai Changlei,Gao Yu,et al.Overview of research methods of frozen soil hydrology in Heilongjiang Province[J].Journal of Engineering of Heilongjiang University,2014,5(3):274-280.
[20]戴长雷,常龙艳,孙思淼,等.寒区冻土层水理性质研究[J].黑龙江大学工程学报,2013,4(2):1-9.
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