子波相位与振幅属性关系研究——以DF气田为例
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摘要
DF气田经过近10年的投产发现,储层含气后在地震剖面上含气砂体顶面表现为波谷特征,利用最小振幅属性寻找有利油气聚集区取得了一定的成果,相继发现了DF1-1、DF13-1以及DF13-2等大中型气田.但是经过42口井的钻探,逐步认识到并非所有强振幅区域均为有利储层,即振幅属性并非只受储层单一因素影响.通过提取各井井旁道地震子波,分析发现振幅强的区域钻探井的井旁道地震子波相位较振幅弱的区域大.针对这一问题,从一阶速度-应力方程出发,利用紧致交错网格有限差分对不同相位子波进行正演模拟.结果表明储层厚度小于相位拐点厚度时,零相位子波的最小振幅属性最小,相位角越大其振幅属性值越大;而当储层厚度大于相位拐点厚度时,零相位子波振幅属性最大,相位角越大振幅属性越小.利用振幅属性寻找油气聚集区时,应充分考虑子波相位的影响,消除由于地震子波相位不同引起的振幅能量变化.
DF gas field after nearly 10 years of production,the gas reservoir in the seismic profile of gas bearing sand on top for trough characteristics, using the minimum amplitude attribute find favorable oil and gas accumulation achieved certain results,have been found lots of large and medium gas fields,such as DF13-1 DF13-2 and DF1-1 gas fields. However,after drilled 42 wells,it is recognized that not all strong amplitude zones are favorable reservoirs. Through the extraction of the wells in the seismic wavelet analysis found the wavelet phase in amplitude strong regional is bigger than amplitude weak regional. In order to solve this problem,a new method based on the first order velocity stress equation is used to simulate the different phase wavelets with the compact staggered grid finite difference method. The results show that the thickness of reservoir is less than the thickness of the inflection point phase,zero phase wavelet minimum amplitude attribute minimum,the bigger phase with stronger amplitude attribute, but when the reservoir thickness is greater than the thickness of the inflection point phase,zero phase wavelet amplitude attribute maximum,the smaller phase with stronger amplitude attribute. When the amplitude attributes are used to locate the oil and gas accumulation area,the influence of wavelet phase should be taken into full consideration to eliminate the amplitude energy variation caused by the phase difference of seismic wavelet.
DF gas field after nearly 10 years of production,the gas reservoir in the seismic profile of gas bearing sand on top for trough characteristics, using the minimum amplitude attribute find favorable oil and gas accumulation achieved certain results,have been found lots of large and medium gas fields,such as DF13-1 DF13-2 and DF1-1 gas fields. However,after drilled 42 wells,it is recognized that not all strong amplitude zones are favorable reservoirs. Through the extraction of the wells in the seismic wavelet analysis found the wavelet phase in amplitude strong regional is bigger than amplitude weak regional. In order to solve this problem,a new method based on the first order velocity stress equation is used to simulate the different phase wavelets with the compact staggered grid finite difference method. The results show that the thickness of reservoir is less than the thickness of the inflection point phase,zero phase wavelet minimum amplitude attribute minimum,the bigger phase with stronger amplitude attribute, but when the reservoir thickness is greater than the thickness of the inflection point phase,zero phase wavelet amplitude attribute maximum,the smaller phase with stronger amplitude attribute. When the amplitude attributes are used to locate the oil and gas accumulation area,the influence of wavelet phase should be taken into full consideration to eliminate the amplitude energy variation caused by the phase difference of seismic wavelet.
引文
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孟凡顺,张亮,李景岩,等.2012.准P波方程紧致交错网格井间地震波场模拟及边界条件[J].物探化探计算技术,34(5):510-517.
司朝年,邬兴威,夏东领,等.2015.致密砂岩油“甜点”预测技术研究---以渭北油田延长组长3油层为例[J].地球物理学进展,30(2):664-671,doi:10.6038/pg20150225.
王立峰,马光克,周家雄,等.2009.东方气田储层非均质性描述[J].天然气工业,29(1):38-40.
谢玉洪,张迎朝,李绪深,等.2012.莺歌海盆地高温超压气藏控藏要素与成藏模式[J].石油学报,33(4):601-609.
张广智,刘洪,印光耀.2005.井旁道地震子波精细提取方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,40(2):158-162.
朱多林,白超英.2011.基于波动方程理论的地震波场数值模拟方法综述[J].地球物理学进展,26(5):1588-1599,10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.05.011.
Gao S W,Zhao B,He Z H,et al.2009.Research progress of seismic wavelet extraction[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),24(4):1384-1391,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.04.028.
He Y F,Sun W J,Fu L Y.2013.Comparison of boundary element method and finite-difference method for simulating seismic wave propagation in complex media[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),28(2):664-678,doi:10.6038/pg20130215.
Lele S K.1992.Compact finite difference schemes with spectral-like resolution[J].Journal of Computational Physics,103(1):16-42.
Li G P,Yao F C,Shi Y M,et al.2011.Several key issues of finitedifference seismic wave numerical simulation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),26(2):469-476,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.02.011.
Liu W W,Zhang L,Ma G K,et al.2012.Cross-hole seismic wave simulation and boundary condition by high-order compact staggeredgrid finite difference method in TTI medium[J].Journal on Numerical Methods and Computer Applications(in Chinese),33(4):261-273.
Meng F S,Zhang L,Li J Y,et al.2012.First-order quasi-P wave equation for cross-hole seismic wave simulation and the boundary condition by compact staggered-grid finite difference method[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),34(5):510-517.
Nagarajan S,Lele S K,Ferziger J H.2003.A robust high-order compact method for large eddy simulation[J].Journal of Computational Physics,191(2):392-419.
Si C N,Wu X W,Xia D L,et al.2015.The research of“sweet spot”prediction technology for tight sandstone reservoir---A case study of Chang 3 reservoir of Yangchang formation in Weibei Oilfield[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),30(2):664-671,doi:10.6038/pg20150225.
Wang L F,Ma G K,Zhou J X,et al.2009.Seismic description of reservoir heterogeneity in Dongfang gas field[J].Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),29(1):38-40.
Xie Y H,Zhang Y Z,Li X S,et al.2012.Main controlling factors and formation models of natural gas reservoirs with high-temperature and overpressure in Yinggehai Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),33(4):601-609.
Zhang G Z,Liu H,Yin G Y.2005.Method for fine picking up seismic wavelet at up-hole trace[J].Oil Geophysical Prospection(in Chinese),40(2):158-162.
Zhu D L,Bai C Y.2011.Review on the seismic wavefield forward modelling[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),26(5):1588-1599,10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.05.011.
高少武,赵波,贺振华,等.2009.地震子波提取方法研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,24(4):1384-1391,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.04.028.
何彦锋,孙伟家,符力耘.2013.复杂介质地震波传播模拟中边界元法与有限差分法的比较研究[J].地球物理学进展,28(2):664-678,doi:10.6038/pg20130215.
李国平,姚逢昌,石玉梅,等.2011.有限差分法地震波数值模拟的几个关键问题[J].地球物理学进展,26(2):469-476,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.02.011.
刘薇薇,张亮,马光克,等.2012.TTI介质井间地震波场紧致交错网格高阶有限差分模拟及边界条件[J].数值计算与计算机应用,33(4):261-273.
孟凡顺,张亮,李景岩,等.2012.准P波方程紧致交错网格井间地震波场模拟及边界条件[J].物探化探计算技术,34(5):510-517.
司朝年,邬兴威,夏东领,等.2015.致密砂岩油“甜点”预测技术研究---以渭北油田延长组长3油层为例[J].地球物理学进展,30(2):664-671,doi:10.6038/pg20150225.
王立峰,马光克,周家雄,等.2009.东方气田储层非均质性描述[J].天然气工业,29(1):38-40.
谢玉洪,张迎朝,李绪深,等.2012.莺歌海盆地高温超压气藏控藏要素与成藏模式[J].石油学报,33(4):601-609.
张广智,刘洪,印光耀.2005.井旁道地震子波精细提取方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,40(2):158-162.
朱多林,白超英.2011.基于波动方程理论的地震波场数值模拟方法综述[J].地球物理学进展,26(5):1588-1599,10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.05.011.
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