基于90°相移的振幅和频率属性融合法油气检测
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摘要
目前主要利用叠后地震资料的振幅和频率信息进行油气检测。甜点属性预测是其中常用的一种方法,但受储层厚度、相邻层干涉等多种非流体因素影响,检测结果存在多解性。为此研究了基于90°相移的振幅属性和频率属性进行油气检测的原理,提出了融合90°相移的振幅和瞬时频率属性进行流体检测的方法。该方法基于原始零相位地震资料提取90°相移的振幅和频率属性,再利用已钻井油气水层的地震属性约束最优化求解融合参数,最后将基于90°相移的振幅和频率属性融合从而获得油气检测结果。模型正演结果表明,相较于常规甜点预测方法,该方法在主力储层厚度范围内(8～25m)受储层厚度影响小,能有效压制相邻层干涉,更适合流体检测。渤海PL油田的实际应用结果表明该方法能够有效区分油层与水层,且烃检异常空间分布符合油气成藏规律。
At present,seismic amplitude and frequency attributes,such as the sweetness attribute,are usually used for hydrocarbon detection by most post-stack methods.However,the hydrocarbon detection results based on the common sweetness attribute,are highly ambiguous due to the influences of thickness,interference of adjacent strata,and other non-fluid factors.In this paper,a new method for hydrocarbon detection is proposed that involves fusing a 90°phase shift attribute and its instantaneous frequency attribute.Firstly,the 90°phase shift and instantaneous frequency attributes were extracted based on original zero-phase seismic data.Then,the seismic attributes of hydrocarbon and water reservoirs in drilled wells were used as constraints to optimally solve the fusion parameters.Finally,the amplitude and frequency attributes were fused to obtain the hydrocarbon detection results.Forward modeling results showed that the new method was less affected by the thickness of the reservoir within the range 8～25m,than the conventional sweetness attribute.The proposed method suppressed the interference of adjacent reservoirs effectively,and was therefore more applicable for fluid detection.The practical application in the Bohai PL oilfield demonstrated that the proposed method successfully distinguished between oil layers and water layers.Furthermore,the spatial distribution of oil-bearing anomalies was in accordance with the law of hydrocarbon accumulation.
At present,seismic amplitude and frequency attributes,such as the sweetness attribute,are usually used for hydrocarbon detection by most post-stack methods.However,the hydrocarbon detection results based on the common sweetness attribute,are highly ambiguous due to the influences of thickness,interference of adjacent strata,and other non-fluid factors.In this paper,a new method for hydrocarbon detection is proposed that involves fusing a 90°phase shift attribute and its instantaneous frequency attribute.Firstly,the 90°phase shift and instantaneous frequency attributes were extracted based on original zero-phase seismic data.Then,the seismic attributes of hydrocarbon and water reservoirs in drilled wells were used as constraints to optimally solve the fusion parameters.Finally,the amplitude and frequency attributes were fused to obtain the hydrocarbon detection results.Forward modeling results showed that the new method was less affected by the thickness of the reservoir within the range 8～25m,than the conventional sweetness attribute.The proposed method suppressed the interference of adjacent reservoirs effectively,and was therefore more applicable for fluid detection.The practical application in the Bohai PL oilfield demonstrated that the proposed method successfully distinguished between oil layers and water layers.Furthermore,the spatial distribution of oil-bearing anomalies was in accordance with the law of hydrocarbon accumulation.
引文
[1]李才,吕丁友,马佳国,等.叠后烃检方法在渤海海域PL稠油区块的应用[J].海洋石油,2014,34(2):37-41LI C,LV D Y,MA J G,et al.Application of poststack hydrocarbon detecting method to Bohai PL heavy oil area[J].Offshore Oil,2014,34(2):37-41
[2]高建虎,雍学善,刘洪.叠后地震油气检测技术与应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(4):385-389GAO J H,YONG X S,LIU H.Post-stack seismic hydrocarbon detection technology and application[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(4):385-389
[3]王波,夏同星,谭辉煌.基于斑块饱和模型井控属性融合法油气检测[J].石油物探,2017,56(2):288-294WANG B,XIA T X,TAN H H.The well-controlled attributes fusion method for hydrocarbon detection based on patchy-saturation model[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(2):288-294
[4]董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.有关地震沉积学若干问题的探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):405-409DONG C M,ZHANG X G,LIN C Y.Discussion on several issues about seismic sedimentology[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(4):405-409
[5]陈春继,冯世民,莫阿玲,等.90°相移技术在岩性解释中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(1):95-99CHEN C J,FENG S M,MO A L,et al.Application of90°phase data in lithologic interpretation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(1):95-99
[6]王军,张中巧,阎涛,等.90°相位转换技术在黄河口凹陷新近系储层预测中的应用[J].海洋石油,2011,31(2):29-33WANG J,ZHANG Z Q,YAN T,et al.Application of90°phase conversion in the Neogene reservoir prediction of Huanghekou Sag[J].Offshore Oil,2011,31(2):29-33
[7]梁全胜.鄂尔多斯盆地高家河地区上古生界地震沉积学研究[J].石油物探,2016,55(1):107-114LIANG Q S.Seismic sedimentology study on Upper Paleozoic in Gaojiahe Area,Erdos Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(1):107-114
[8]齐桓,王海,董冬,等.地震沉积学在薄储层预测中的应用——以L87井区水下扇体识别为例[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(2):709-713QI H,WANG H,DONG D,et al.Application of seismic sedimentology in thin reservoir prediction:taking the identification of underwater fan in L87well area as an example[J].Progress in Geophysics,2017,32(2):709-713
[9]王红,李红梅,魏文,等.浅层河流相天然气藏预测技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(6):1166-1172WANG H,LI H M,WEI W,et al.Gas reservoir prediction in shallow-fluvial facies[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(6):1166-1172
[10]刘伟,曹思远.“亮点”型含气储层与薄层调谐的识别[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(4):678-683LIU W,CAO S Y.Identification of gas reservoir related with bright spots and thin-bed tuning[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(4):678-683
[11]柴绪兵.“亮点”、“暗点”技术在太平川南地区葡萄花油层油气检测中的应用效果分析[J].科学技术与工程,2012,12(9):2132-2136CHAI X B.The effectiveness analysis of using “bright spots”,“dim spots”technique to test oil and gas in Putaohua Reservoir of Taipingchuan Region[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2012,12(9):2132-2136
[12]毕俊凤,顾汉明,刘书会,等.河道砂体地震响应特征及影响因素分析——以垦东1地区馆陶组上段河道砂为例[J].石油物探,2013,52(1):97-103BI J F,GU H M,LIU S H,et al.Analysis on seismic response characteristics of channel sands and its influence factors:case study of Upper Guantao Formation in KD1area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(1):97-103
[13]刘杰,张忠涛,刘道理,等.强反射背景下沉积体边界检测及流体识别方法[J].石油物探,2016,55(1):142-149LIU J,ZHANG Z T,LIU D L,et al.Sediment boundary identification and fluid detection for the seismic data with strong background reflections[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(1):142-149
[14]田继先,曾旭,王文卓,等.柴达木盆地第四系疏松砂岩地层生物气含气检测方法探讨[J].石油物探,2016,55(3):408-413TIAN J X,ZENG X,WANG W Z,et al.The detection of biogas in unconsolidated sandstone formation of the Quaternary in Qaidam Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(3):408-413
[15]赵虎,尹成,张华光,等.属性技术在油气检测中的应用[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2009,11(4):36-37ZHAO H,YIN C,ZHANG H G,et al.Application of attribute technology in hydrocarbon detection[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(Natural Sciences Edition),2009,11(4):36-37
[16]张世鑫,印兴耀,梁锴,等.利用基于T-K算子的非线性能量衰减分析技术进行储层含油气检测[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(6):2107-2113ZHANG S X,YIN X Y,LIANG K,et al.Utilizing T-K operator-based nonlinear energy attenuation analysis to conduct reservoir hydrocarbon identification[J].Progress in Geophysics,2011,26(6):2107-2113
[17]姜本厚,蔡越钎,王玉英.渤海海域地震振幅影响因素分析[J].石油地质与工程,2012,26(4):47-51JIANG B H,CAI Y Q,WANG Y Y.Analysis of influence factors on seismic amplitude in Bohai sea area[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2012,26(4):47-51
[18]陈殿远,刘爱群,应明雄,等.南海西部海域地震信息烃检中常见的问题及其对策[J].地球物理学进展,2014,29(5):2145-2150CHEN D Y,Liu A Q,Ying M X,et al.The common problems and countermeasures of hydrocarbon detection in the western South China Sea[J].Progress in Geophysics,2014,29(5):2145-2150
[19]于常青.用于油气检测的地震属性差异分析方法——在塔中地区的应用[J].中国地质,2011,38(4):1062-1065YU C Q.The application of seismic attributes variance analysis method for oil and gas detection in Tazhong area[J].Geology in China,2011,38(4):1062-1065
[20] RADOVICH B J,R B OLIVEROS.3-D sequence interpretation of seismic instantaneous attributes from the Gorgon field[J].The Leading Edge,1998,17(9):1286-1293
[21] TELFORD W M,GELDART L P,Sheriff R E.Applied Geophysics[M].London:Cambridge University Press,1990:262-264
[22]刘洪文.含油气地层地震响应特征分析[J].石油物探,2008,47(6):577-582LIU H W.Analysis of seismic response characteristics in hydrocarbon formation[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(6):577-582
[23]董立生,罗红梅,王长江,等.砂砾岩扩展时间平均方程及应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(6):55-60DONG L S,LUO H M,WANG C J,et al.An extended time-average equation for matrix-supported sandy conglomerates and its application:acase study of the northern steep slope zone of Dongying sag[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2015,22(6):55-60
[24]王西文.相对波阻抗数据体约束下的多井测井参数反演方法及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(3):291-299WANG X W.Inversion of multi-logging parameters under constrain of relative wave impedance data volume and application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,39(3):291-299
[25]崔建军,何继善.粘弹性波动方程正演和偏移[J].中南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2001,32(5):441-444CUI J J,HE J S.Viscoelastic wave equation forward modeling and migration[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology(Natural Science),2001,32(5):441-444
[26]胡军辉,文晓涛,许艳秋,等.利用黏滞—弥散波动方程理论进行油水识别[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(3):556-564HU J H,WEN X T,XU Y Q,et al.Oil-water recognition based on diffusive viscous wave equation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(3):556-564
[27]余振,王彦春,何静,等.富含油储层地震响应特征分析[J].现代地质,2012,26(6):1250-1257YU Z,WANG Y C,HE J,et al.Seismic response characteristic analysis of oil-rich reservoirs[J].Geoscience,2012,26(6):1250-1257
[2]高建虎,雍学善,刘洪.叠后地震油气检测技术与应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(4):385-389GAO J H,YONG X S,LIU H.Post-stack seismic hydrocarbon detection technology and application[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(4):385-389
[3]王波,夏同星,谭辉煌.基于斑块饱和模型井控属性融合法油气检测[J].石油物探,2017,56(2):288-294WANG B,XIA T X,TAN H H.The well-controlled attributes fusion method for hydrocarbon detection based on patchy-saturation model[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(2):288-294
[4]董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.有关地震沉积学若干问题的探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):405-409DONG C M,ZHANG X G,LIN C Y.Discussion on several issues about seismic sedimentology[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(4):405-409
[5]陈春继,冯世民,莫阿玲,等.90°相移技术在岩性解释中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(1):95-99CHEN C J,FENG S M,MO A L,et al.Application of90°phase data in lithologic interpretation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(1):95-99
[6]王军,张中巧,阎涛,等.90°相位转换技术在黄河口凹陷新近系储层预测中的应用[J].海洋石油,2011,31(2):29-33WANG J,ZHANG Z Q,YAN T,et al.Application of90°phase conversion in the Neogene reservoir prediction of Huanghekou Sag[J].Offshore Oil,2011,31(2):29-33
[7]梁全胜.鄂尔多斯盆地高家河地区上古生界地震沉积学研究[J].石油物探,2016,55(1):107-114LIANG Q S.Seismic sedimentology study on Upper Paleozoic in Gaojiahe Area,Erdos Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(1):107-114
[8]齐桓,王海,董冬,等.地震沉积学在薄储层预测中的应用——以L87井区水下扇体识别为例[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(2):709-713QI H,WANG H,DONG D,et al.Application of seismic sedimentology in thin reservoir prediction:taking the identification of underwater fan in L87well area as an example[J].Progress in Geophysics,2017,32(2):709-713
[9]王红,李红梅,魏文,等.浅层河流相天然气藏预测技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(6):1166-1172WANG H,LI H M,WEI W,et al.Gas reservoir prediction in shallow-fluvial facies[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(6):1166-1172
[10]刘伟,曹思远.“亮点”型含气储层与薄层调谐的识别[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(4):678-683LIU W,CAO S Y.Identification of gas reservoir related with bright spots and thin-bed tuning[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(4):678-683
[11]柴绪兵.“亮点”、“暗点”技术在太平川南地区葡萄花油层油气检测中的应用效果分析[J].科学技术与工程,2012,12(9):2132-2136CHAI X B.The effectiveness analysis of using “bright spots”,“dim spots”technique to test oil and gas in Putaohua Reservoir of Taipingchuan Region[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2012,12(9):2132-2136
[12]毕俊凤,顾汉明,刘书会,等.河道砂体地震响应特征及影响因素分析——以垦东1地区馆陶组上段河道砂为例[J].石油物探,2013,52(1):97-103BI J F,GU H M,LIU S H,et al.Analysis on seismic response characteristics of channel sands and its influence factors:case study of Upper Guantao Formation in KD1area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(1):97-103
[13]刘杰,张忠涛,刘道理,等.强反射背景下沉积体边界检测及流体识别方法[J].石油物探,2016,55(1):142-149LIU J,ZHANG Z T,LIU D L,et al.Sediment boundary identification and fluid detection for the seismic data with strong background reflections[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(1):142-149
[14]田继先,曾旭,王文卓,等.柴达木盆地第四系疏松砂岩地层生物气含气检测方法探讨[J].石油物探,2016,55(3):408-413TIAN J X,ZENG X,WANG W Z,et al.The detection of biogas in unconsolidated sandstone formation of the Quaternary in Qaidam Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(3):408-413
[15]赵虎,尹成,张华光,等.属性技术在油气检测中的应用[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2009,11(4):36-37ZHAO H,YIN C,ZHANG H G,et al.Application of attribute technology in hydrocarbon detection[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(Natural Sciences Edition),2009,11(4):36-37
[16]张世鑫,印兴耀,梁锴,等.利用基于T-K算子的非线性能量衰减分析技术进行储层含油气检测[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(6):2107-2113ZHANG S X,YIN X Y,LIANG K,et al.Utilizing T-K operator-based nonlinear energy attenuation analysis to conduct reservoir hydrocarbon identification[J].Progress in Geophysics,2011,26(6):2107-2113
[17]姜本厚,蔡越钎,王玉英.渤海海域地震振幅影响因素分析[J].石油地质与工程,2012,26(4):47-51JIANG B H,CAI Y Q,WANG Y Y.Analysis of influence factors on seismic amplitude in Bohai sea area[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2012,26(4):47-51
[18]陈殿远,刘爱群,应明雄,等.南海西部海域地震信息烃检中常见的问题及其对策[J].地球物理学进展,2014,29(5):2145-2150CHEN D Y,Liu A Q,Ying M X,et al.The common problems and countermeasures of hydrocarbon detection in the western South China Sea[J].Progress in Geophysics,2014,29(5):2145-2150
[19]于常青.用于油气检测的地震属性差异分析方法——在塔中地区的应用[J].中国地质,2011,38(4):1062-1065YU C Q.The application of seismic attributes variance analysis method for oil and gas detection in Tazhong area[J].Geology in China,2011,38(4):1062-1065
[20] RADOVICH B J,R B OLIVEROS.3-D sequence interpretation of seismic instantaneous attributes from the Gorgon field[J].The Leading Edge,1998,17(9):1286-1293
[21] TELFORD W M,GELDART L P,Sheriff R E.Applied Geophysics[M].London:Cambridge University Press,1990:262-264
[22]刘洪文.含油气地层地震响应特征分析[J].石油物探,2008,47(6):577-582LIU H W.Analysis of seismic response characteristics in hydrocarbon formation[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(6):577-582
[23]董立生,罗红梅,王长江,等.砂砾岩扩展时间平均方程及应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(6):55-60DONG L S,LUO H M,WANG C J,et al.An extended time-average equation for matrix-supported sandy conglomerates and its application:acase study of the northern steep slope zone of Dongying sag[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2015,22(6):55-60
[24]王西文.相对波阻抗数据体约束下的多井测井参数反演方法及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(3):291-299WANG X W.Inversion of multi-logging parameters under constrain of relative wave impedance data volume and application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,39(3):291-299
[25]崔建军,何继善.粘弹性波动方程正演和偏移[J].中南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2001,32(5):441-444CUI J J,HE J S.Viscoelastic wave equation forward modeling and migration[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology(Natural Science),2001,32(5):441-444
[26]胡军辉,文晓涛,许艳秋,等.利用黏滞—弥散波动方程理论进行油水识别[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(3):556-564HU J H,WEN X T,XU Y Q,et al.Oil-water recognition based on diffusive viscous wave equation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(3):556-564
[27]余振,王彦春,何静,等.富含油储层地震响应特征分析[J].现代地质,2012,26(6):1250-1257YU Z,WANG Y C,HE J,et al.Seismic response characteristic analysis of oil-rich reservoirs[J].Geoscience,2012,26(6):1250-1257
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