波形分类技术在缝洞型储层流体识别中的应用
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摘要
塔里木盆地塔河地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层的缝洞空间分布散乱,缝洞的规模、形态和内部结构等特征差异明显,导致缝洞型储层的流体难以识别。缝洞型储层内部地震波形的微弱差异在一定程度上能够表征其内部流体特征。传统上沿层段提取地震波形的波形分类技术无法准确地定位缝洞型储层。应用波形分类与三维缝洞体雕刻相结合的新技术识别缝洞流体,可为降低勘探风险、提高钻井成功率提供一种新的思路。首先利用瞬时振幅属性建立缝洞体三维空间模型,确定缝洞储层的空间位置,从而获得缝洞储层内部的地震波形;使用特征加权K近邻法,结合油气井资料,对缝洞型储层进行波形分类,建立储层内流体类型与地震波形之间的网络关系,并将其应用于未知区域的储层流体识别;最终得到缝洞型储层的流体类型。理论模型和实际地震资料测试结果表明该方法具有一定的实用价值。
The fractured-vuggy reservoir of Ordovician carbonates in Tahe area,Tarim Basin is scattered in space,characterized by great differences in the size,shape and internal structure,leading to a difficulty in identifying the reservoir fluid.The weak difference of seismic waveforms in fractured-vuggy reservoir can characterize its internal fluid characteristics to some extent.The traditional waveform classification technology extracting seismic waves along the layer is unable to locate the fractured-vuggy reservoir accurately.A new method combining waveform classification technology with 3D fractured-vuggy body engraving technology is put forward to identify the fluid of fractured-vuggy reservoirs,which provides a new idea for reducing exploration risk and improving drilling success rate.Firstly,the instantaneous amplitude attribute is used to establish a 3D space model of the fractured-vuggy bodies.The spatial location of fractured-vuggy reservoirs will be determined to obtain the seismic waveform inside fractured-vuggy reservoirs.Then,the feature weighted K-nearest neighbor method in combination with oil and gas well data is applied to classify the waveforms of fracture-cavity reservoirs,so as to create the network relationship between fluid types and seismic waveforms in the reservoir and further apply it to reservoir fluids in unknown regions.Finally,the fluid type of the fractured-vuggy reservoir is obtained.The testing results of theoretical model and practical seismic data show that this method has a certain practical value.
The fractured-vuggy reservoir of Ordovician carbonates in Tahe area,Tarim Basin is scattered in space,characterized by great differences in the size,shape and internal structure,leading to a difficulty in identifying the reservoir fluid.The weak difference of seismic waveforms in fractured-vuggy reservoir can characterize its internal fluid characteristics to some extent.The traditional waveform classification technology extracting seismic waves along the layer is unable to locate the fractured-vuggy reservoir accurately.A new method combining waveform classification technology with 3D fractured-vuggy body engraving technology is put forward to identify the fluid of fractured-vuggy reservoirs,which provides a new idea for reducing exploration risk and improving drilling success rate.Firstly,the instantaneous amplitude attribute is used to establish a 3D space model of the fractured-vuggy bodies.The spatial location of fractured-vuggy reservoirs will be determined to obtain the seismic waveform inside fractured-vuggy reservoirs.Then,the feature weighted K-nearest neighbor method in combination with oil and gas well data is applied to classify the waveforms of fracture-cavity reservoirs,so as to create the network relationship between fluid types and seismic waveforms in the reservoir and further apply it to reservoir fluids in unknown regions.Finally,the fluid type of the fractured-vuggy reservoir is obtained.The testing results of theoretical model and practical seismic data show that this method has a certain practical value.
引文
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[5]李阳.塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏开发理论及方法[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):115-121.LI Yang.The theory and method for development of carbonate fractured-cavity reservoirs in Tahe oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(1):115-121.
[6]王璐,杨胜来,彭先,等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩气藏多类型储层内水的赋存特征可视化实验[J].石油学报,2018,39(6):686-696.WANG Lu,YANG Shenglai,PENG Xian,et al.Visual experiments on the occurrence characteristics of multi-type reservoir water in fracture-cavity carbonate gas reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(6):686-696.
[7]王阳洋,陈践发,庞雄奇,等.塔中地区奥陶系油气充注特征及运移方向[J].石油学报,2018,39(1):54-68.WANG Yangyang,CHEN Jianfa,PANG Xiongqi,et al.Ordovician hydrocarbon charging characteristics and migration direction in Tazhong area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(1):54-68.
[8]苏伟,侯吉瑞,李海波,等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏注氮气泡沫可行性及影响因素[J].石油学报,2017,38(4):436-443.SU Wei,HOU Jirui,LI Haibo,et al.Feasibility and influencing factors of nitrogen foam injection in fractured-cavity type carbonate reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(4):436-443.
[9]赵裕辉,邓军.精细波形分类法在塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用[J].吐哈油气,2009,13(1):75-79.ZHAO Yuhui,DENG Jun.Application of fine waveform classification in prediction of carbonate reservoirs in Tahe oilfield[J].Tuha Oil&Gas,2009,13(1):75-79.
[10]邓传伟,李莉华,金银姬,等.波形分类技术在储层沉积微相预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2008,47(3):262-265.DENG Chuanwei,LI Lihua,JIN Yinji,et al.Application of seismic waveform classification in predicting sedimentary microfacies[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(3):262-265.
[11]佘刚,周小鹰,戴明刚,等.波形分类技术在鄂北薄砂岩储层预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(4):536-540.SHE Gang,ZHOU Xiaoying,DAI Minggang,et al.Application of seismic waveform classification technique in thin sandstones reservoir prediction in northern Ordos Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(4):536-540.
[12]王世星,曹辉兰,靳文芳,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞系统地震响应特征分析和塔中卡1区缝洞储层预测[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):421-427.WANG Shixing,CAO Huilan,JIN Wenfang,et al.Seismic response and prediction of fracture-cavity system in carbonate reservoir:a case study in the Ka-1field[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(5):421-427.
[13] COVER T,HART P.Nearest neighbor pattern classification[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,1967,13(1):21-27.
[14] HAN E H,KARYPIS G,KUMAR V.Text categorization using weight adjusted k-nearest neighbor classification[C]//5th Pacific-Asia Conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining.Hong Kong,China:Springer,2001:53-65.
[15] LI Lishuang,MAO Tingting,HUANG Degen.Extracting location names from Chinese texts based on SVM and KNN[C]//2005 International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Engineering.Wuhan:IEEE,2005:371-375.
[16]陈振洲,李磊,姚正安.基于SVM的特征加权KNN算法[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,2005,44(1):17-20.CHEN Zhenzhou,LI Lei,YAO Zheng’an.Feature-weighted Knearest neighbor algorithm with SVM[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2005,44(1):17-20.
[17]徐森,陈海永,刘坤,等.基于相位谱和加权马氏距离的带钢表面缺陷显著性检测[J].计算机应用,2017,37(增刊1):190-193,205.XU Sen,CHEN Haiyong,LIU Kun,et al.Saliency-based defect detection in strip steel by using phase spectrum and weighted Mahalanobis distance[J].Journal of Computer Applications,2017,37(S1):190-193,205.
[18]洪余刚,陈景山,成世琦,等.瞬时振幅相干法在储层预测中的应用[J].西南石油大学学报,2005,27(2):25-27.HONG Yugang,CHEN Jingshan,CHENG Shiqi,et al.The application of instantaneous amplitude coherence analysis method to reservoir prediction[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2005,27(2):25-27.
[19]刘群,王世星,顾汉明,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞体体积定量计算及其影响因素分析探索——以塔河油田主体区为例[J].石油物探,2013,52(2):217-222.LIU Qun,WANG Shixing,GU Hanming,et al.Carbonate fracture-cave volume quantitative calculation and its influencing factors analysis:case study of the main area in Tahe oilfield[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(2):217-222.
[20]邓晓娟,李勇,刘志良,等.多尺度缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏不确定性建模方法[J].石油学报,2018,39(9):1051-1062.DENG Xiaojuan,LI Yong,LIU Zhiliang,et al.Uncertainty modeling method of multi-scale fracture-cave carbonate reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(9):1051-1062.
[21]李阳,金强,钟建华,等.塔河油田奥陶系岩溶分带及缝洞结构特征[J].石油学报,2016,37(3):289-298.LI Yang,JIN Qiang,ZHONG Jianhua,et al.Karst zonings and fracture-cave structure characteristics of Ordovician reservoirs in Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(3):289-298.
[2]鲁新便,蔡忠贤.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏古溶洞系统与油气开发——以塔河碳酸盐岩溶洞型油藏为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(1):22-27.LU Xinbian,CAI Zhongxian.A study of the paleo-cavern system in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs and oil/gas development:taking the reservoirs in Tahe oilfield as an example[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(1):22-27.
[3]林忠民.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及成藏条件[J].石油学报,2002,23(3):23-26.LIN Zhongmin.Carbonate rock reservoir features and oil-gas accumulating conditions in the Ordovician of Tahe oilfield in northern Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(3):23-26.
[4]张希明,杨坚,杨秋来,等.塔河缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏描述及储量评估技术[J].石油学报,2004,25(1):13-18.ZHANG Ximing,YANG Jian,YANG Qiulai,et al.Reservoir description and reserves estimation technique for fracture-cave type carbonate reservoir in Tahe oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2004,25(1):13-18.
[5]李阳.塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏开发理论及方法[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):115-121.LI Yang.The theory and method for development of carbonate fractured-cavity reservoirs in Tahe oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(1):115-121.
[6]王璐,杨胜来,彭先,等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩气藏多类型储层内水的赋存特征可视化实验[J].石油学报,2018,39(6):686-696.WANG Lu,YANG Shenglai,PENG Xian,et al.Visual experiments on the occurrence characteristics of multi-type reservoir water in fracture-cavity carbonate gas reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(6):686-696.
[7]王阳洋,陈践发,庞雄奇,等.塔中地区奥陶系油气充注特征及运移方向[J].石油学报,2018,39(1):54-68.WANG Yangyang,CHEN Jianfa,PANG Xiongqi,et al.Ordovician hydrocarbon charging characteristics and migration direction in Tazhong area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(1):54-68.
[8]苏伟,侯吉瑞,李海波,等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏注氮气泡沫可行性及影响因素[J].石油学报,2017,38(4):436-443.SU Wei,HOU Jirui,LI Haibo,et al.Feasibility and influencing factors of nitrogen foam injection in fractured-cavity type carbonate reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(4):436-443.
[9]赵裕辉,邓军.精细波形分类法在塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用[J].吐哈油气,2009,13(1):75-79.ZHAO Yuhui,DENG Jun.Application of fine waveform classification in prediction of carbonate reservoirs in Tahe oilfield[J].Tuha Oil&Gas,2009,13(1):75-79.
[10]邓传伟,李莉华,金银姬,等.波形分类技术在储层沉积微相预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2008,47(3):262-265.DENG Chuanwei,LI Lihua,JIN Yinji,et al.Application of seismic waveform classification in predicting sedimentary microfacies[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(3):262-265.
[11]佘刚,周小鹰,戴明刚,等.波形分类技术在鄂北薄砂岩储层预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(4):536-540.SHE Gang,ZHOU Xiaoying,DAI Minggang,et al.Application of seismic waveform classification technique in thin sandstones reservoir prediction in northern Ordos Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(4):536-540.
[12]王世星,曹辉兰,靳文芳,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞系统地震响应特征分析和塔中卡1区缝洞储层预测[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):421-427.WANG Shixing,CAO Huilan,JIN Wenfang,et al.Seismic response and prediction of fracture-cavity system in carbonate reservoir:a case study in the Ka-1field[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(5):421-427.
[13] COVER T,HART P.Nearest neighbor pattern classification[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,1967,13(1):21-27.
[14] HAN E H,KARYPIS G,KUMAR V.Text categorization using weight adjusted k-nearest neighbor classification[C]//5th Pacific-Asia Conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining.Hong Kong,China:Springer,2001:53-65.
[15] LI Lishuang,MAO Tingting,HUANG Degen.Extracting location names from Chinese texts based on SVM and KNN[C]//2005 International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Engineering.Wuhan:IEEE,2005:371-375.
[16]陈振洲,李磊,姚正安.基于SVM的特征加权KNN算法[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,2005,44(1):17-20.CHEN Zhenzhou,LI Lei,YAO Zheng’an.Feature-weighted Knearest neighbor algorithm with SVM[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2005,44(1):17-20.
[17]徐森,陈海永,刘坤,等.基于相位谱和加权马氏距离的带钢表面缺陷显著性检测[J].计算机应用,2017,37(增刊1):190-193,205.XU Sen,CHEN Haiyong,LIU Kun,et al.Saliency-based defect detection in strip steel by using phase spectrum and weighted Mahalanobis distance[J].Journal of Computer Applications,2017,37(S1):190-193,205.
[18]洪余刚,陈景山,成世琦,等.瞬时振幅相干法在储层预测中的应用[J].西南石油大学学报,2005,27(2):25-27.HONG Yugang,CHEN Jingshan,CHENG Shiqi,et al.The application of instantaneous amplitude coherence analysis method to reservoir prediction[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2005,27(2):25-27.
[19]刘群,王世星,顾汉明,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞体体积定量计算及其影响因素分析探索——以塔河油田主体区为例[J].石油物探,2013,52(2):217-222.LIU Qun,WANG Shixing,GU Hanming,et al.Carbonate fracture-cave volume quantitative calculation and its influencing factors analysis:case study of the main area in Tahe oilfield[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(2):217-222.
[20]邓晓娟,李勇,刘志良,等.多尺度缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏不确定性建模方法[J].石油学报,2018,39(9):1051-1062.DENG Xiaojuan,LI Yong,LIU Zhiliang,et al.Uncertainty modeling method of multi-scale fracture-cave carbonate reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(9):1051-1062.
[21]李阳,金强,钟建华,等.塔河油田奥陶系岩溶分带及缝洞结构特征[J].石油学报,2016,37(3):289-298.LI Yang,JIN Qiang,ZHONG Jianhua,et al.Karst zonings and fracture-cave structure characteristics of Ordovician reservoirs in Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(3):289-298.
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