关中地区机动车颗粒物排放清单
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摘要
利用本地化修正的MOVES模型模拟确定了关中地区不同类型车辆的颗粒物排放因子,结合实地调研的保有量和行驶里程数据测算了该地区的机动车颗粒物年排放总量并从季节、城市、车型和燃油等多个角度详细分析了颗粒物的排放分担率。结果表明:关中地区2012年的机动车颗粒物排放总量分别为PM_(2.5)4.06×1O~3 t,PM_(10)5.52×10_3 t;关中五市一区中西安市的颗粒物排放量最高PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)。排放分別占到该地区的46.53%和48.39%;不同类型车辆中重型货车的排放分担率最高其次为中型货车二者之和占到颗粒物总排放的50%以上;不同燃油车辆中,柴油车的排放分担率远远高于汽油车,是颗粒物的主要贡献者;因此中型和重型柴油货车是关中地区控制颗粒物排放污染的重点车型。
The MOVES model with localized modifications was used to simulate the emission factors for particulate matter from different vehicle types in the Guanzhong region.The annual vehicle emission inventory in this region was calculated based on the simulated emission factors,vehicle population,and annual mileages.In addition,the contribution rates of particulate matter after factoring in different variables such as different seasons,cities,vehicle types,and fuel types were analyzed.The results revealed that the total vehicle emissions of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) in 2012 were 4.06×10~3 t and 5.52×10~3 t,respectively.Xi'an contributes to 46.53% of PM_(2.5) and48.39% of PM_(10) emissions in the Guanzhong region,which has the highest particulate matter emissions than other cities.With regard to vehicle type,the contribution rate of heavy-duty trucks was the highest,followed by middleduty trucks,and the particulate matter emissions in both cases accounted for more than 50%of the total emission.Further,the contribution rate of diesel vehicles was much higher than that of gasoline vehicles,which are the main contributors to particulate matter.Therefore,middle-and heavy-duty diesel trucks are the key vehicle types to be considered for controlling of particulate matter emissions in the Guanzhong region.
The MOVES model with localized modifications was used to simulate the emission factors for particulate matter from different vehicle types in the Guanzhong region.The annual vehicle emission inventory in this region was calculated based on the simulated emission factors,vehicle population,and annual mileages.In addition,the contribution rates of particulate matter after factoring in different variables such as different seasons,cities,vehicle types,and fuel types were analyzed.The results revealed that the total vehicle emissions of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) in 2012 were 4.06×10~3 t and 5.52×10~3 t,respectively.Xi'an contributes to 46.53% of PM_(2.5) and48.39% of PM_(10) emissions in the Guanzhong region,which has the highest particulate matter emissions than other cities.With regard to vehicle type,the contribution rate of heavy-duty trucks was the highest,followed by middleduty trucks,and the particulate matter emissions in both cases accounted for more than 50%of the total emission.Further,the contribution rate of diesel vehicles was much higher than that of gasoline vehicles,which are the main contributors to particulate matter.Therefore,middle-and heavy-duty diesel trucks are the key vehicle types to be considered for controlling of particulate matter emissions in the Guanzhong region.
引文
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[25]ZHENG B,HUO H,ZHANG Q,et al.High-resolution mapping of vehicle emissions in China in 2008[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2014,14:9787-9805
[26]王军方,葛蕴珊,何超,等.汽油车和天然气汽车颗粒物排放特性研究[J].汽车工程,2009,31(2):137-140
[2]车汶蔚,郑君瑜,钟流举.珠江三角洲机动车污染物排放特征及分担率[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(4):456-461
[3]鲁斯唯,胡清华,吴水平,等.海峡西岸经济区大气污染物排放清单的初步估算[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(10):2624-2634
[4]李芳,张承中.西安市大气颗粒物PM2.5与降水关系的探讨[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(6):22-28
[5]WANG H K,FU L X,LIN X,et al.A bottom-up methodology to estimate vehicle emissions for the Beijing urban area[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(6):1947-1953
[6]HUO H,ZHANG Q,HE K B,et al.High-resolution vehicular emission inventory using a link-based method:A case study of light-duty vehicles in Beijing[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(7):2394-2399
[7]刘欢,贺克斌,王岐东.天津市机动车排放清单及影响要素研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2008,48(3):370-373
[8]黄成,刘娟,陈长虹,等.基于实时交通信息的道路机动车动态排放清单模拟研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(11):3725-3732
[9]郝吉明,傅立新,贺克斌,等.城市机动车排放污染控制:国际经验分析与中国的研究成果[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2001
[10]吴烨,郝吉明,傅立新,等.澳门机动车排放清单[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2002,42(12):1601-1604
[11]LANG J L,CHEN S Y,ZHOU Y,et al.Air pollutant emissions from on-road vehicles in China,1999-2011[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,496:1-10
[12]谢邵东,张远航,唐孝炎.我国城市地区机动车污染现状与趋势[J].环境科学研究,2000,13(4):22-25
[13]王孝文,田伟利,张清宇.杭州市机动车污染物排放清单的建立[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(8):1368-1374
[14]陈军辉,范武波,钱骏,等.利用IVE模型建立成都市轻型汽油客车排放清单[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(7):2016-2024
[15]U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.User’s guide for MOVES(motor vehicle emission simulator)2014(EPA-420-B-14-055)[EB/OL].(2014-10-11)[2015-12-01].http://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/Zy PURL.cgi?Dockey=P100JWAL.txt,2014
[16]岳园园,宋国华,黄冠涛,等.MOVES在微观层次交通排放评价中的应用研究[J].交通信息与安全,2013,31(6):47-53
[17]郝艳召,邓順熙,邱兆文,等.基于MOVES的轻型车颗粒物排放来源和特征分析[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(8):3915-3922
[18]U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.An introduction to draft MOVES2009[EB/OL].[2015-12-01].http:∥www.epa.gov/OMS/models/moves/420b09026.pdf,2009
[19]邱兆文,邓顺熙,郝艳召.道路交通PM2.5污染热点量化分析[J].安全与环境学报,2013,13(6):142-147
[20]国家环境保护部.中国机动车污染防治年报(2014)[R].北京:国家环境保护部,2014
[21]何立强,胡京南,解淑霞,等.2010年中国机动车CH4和N2O排放清单[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(1):28-35
[22]环境保护部科技标准司.非道路移动污染源排放清单编制技术指南(试行)[EB/OL].(2014-12-31)[2015-12-01].http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201501/W020150107594587960717.pdf,2014
[23]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.车用汽油:GB 17930-2011[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011
[24]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.车用柴油:GB 19147-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009
[25]ZHENG B,HUO H,ZHANG Q,et al.High-resolution mapping of vehicle emissions in China in 2008[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2014,14:9787-9805
[26]王军方,葛蕴珊,何超,等.汽油车和天然气汽车颗粒物排放特性研究[J].汽车工程,2009,31(2):137-140