基于MOBILE 6.2模型的武汉市机动车污染物排放特征分析
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摘要
结合武汉市环境参数以及机动车保有量情况,将MOBILE 6.2模型用于武汉市机动车污染物排放特征的本地化研究,计算得到不同车型的排放因子,并核算出武汉市机动车分车型的污染物排放量和分担率。结果表明,2014年武汉市机动车污染物总HC、CO和NO_x分别为7.78万t、59.61万t和6.32万t.八类车型中汽油轿车排放的总HC和CO分别占总量的69.71%和82.86%,是这两类污染物的主要贡献车型。这主要是由于近年来汽油轿车尤其是私家车数量的高速增长。对于NO_x的排放,其主要贡献车型为重型柴油车,仅有5.44%的保有量但其排放分担率却高达约60%,因此严格控制重型柴油车可以有效减少机动车污染物NO_x的排放。同样的由于汽油轿车的总量较大,其NO_x排放的分担率也达到31.65%.
Combined with the environmental parameters and the number of motor vehicle in Wuhan,MOBILE 6.2 was applied to study the localization of emission characteristics of vehicle pollutants and estimate the vehicle pollutant emission factors,and furthermore,account the emission quantity and share rate of different classification vehicle.The results show that the vehicle emission quantity of total HC,CO and NO_x was 7.78×104,59.61×104 and 6.32×104 tons,respectively.The light duty gasoline vehicle(LDGV)was the major emission sources of total HC and CO,which showed the emission share rate of 69.71% and 82.86% and was mainly due to the recent high growth of LDGV,especially private cars.For the major emission sources of NO_x ,heavy duty diesel vehicles(HDDV),which had only 5.44% of total vehicles,displayed the emission share rate of 60%.So strict control of HDDV could effectively reduce vehicle emissions of NO_x pollutants.Meanwhile,the share rate of NO_x emission for LDGV reached 31.65% because of the increased quantity of LDGV.
Combined with the environmental parameters and the number of motor vehicle in Wuhan,MOBILE 6.2 was applied to study the localization of emission characteristics of vehicle pollutants and estimate the vehicle pollutant emission factors,and furthermore,account the emission quantity and share rate of different classification vehicle.The results show that the vehicle emission quantity of total HC,CO and NO_x was 7.78×104,59.61×104 and 6.32×104 tons,respectively.The light duty gasoline vehicle(LDGV)was the major emission sources of total HC and CO,which showed the emission share rate of 69.71% and 82.86% and was mainly due to the recent high growth of LDGV,especially private cars.For the major emission sources of NO_x ,heavy duty diesel vehicles(HDDV),which had only 5.44% of total vehicles,displayed the emission share rate of 60%.So strict control of HDDV could effectively reduce vehicle emissions of NO_x pollutants.Meanwhile,the share rate of NO_x emission for LDGV reached 31.65% because of the increased quantity of LDGV.
引文
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[16]张承中,张鹏飞,刘立忠.北方城市机动车排放因子简化模型的确定[J].山西建筑,2007,33(6):346-347.Zhang Chengzhong,ZHANG Pengfei,LIU Lizhong.The setting of simplified model of discharging factor of vehicle in northern cities[J].Shanxi Architecture,2007,33(6):346-347.
[2]陈仁杰,阚海东.雾霾污染与人体健康[J].自然杂志,2016,35(5):342-344.CHEN Renjie,KAN Haidong.Haze/Fog and human health:a literature review[J].Chinese Journal of Nature,2016,35(5):342-344.
[3]王小霞.道路机动车尾气污染物排放量的预测与控制措施研究[D].西安:长安大学,2012.WANG Xiaoxia.Study on prediction and control measures of motor vehicle pollutant emission[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2012.
[4]CADIE S H,CARLOCK M,CULLEN K,et al.Real-world vehicle emissions:a summary of the third annual CRC-APRAC onroad vehicle emissions workshop[J].Journal of Air&Waste Management Association,1994,43(8):1180-1187.
[5]HENDERSON D K,KOENIG B E,MOKHTARIAN P L.Using travel diary data to estimate the emissions impacts of transportation strategies:the puget sound telecommuting demonstration project[J].Journal of Air&Waste Management Association,1996,46(1):45-57.
[6]傅立新,郝吉明,何东全,等.北京市机动车污染物排放特征[J].环境科学,2000,21(3):68-70.FU Lixin,HAO Jiming,HE Dongquan,et al.The emission characteristics of pollutants from motor vehicles in Beijing[J].Environmental Science,2000,21(3):68-70.
[7]傅立新,贺克斌,何东全,等.MOBILE汽车源排放因子计算模式研究[J].环境科学学报,1997,17(4):474-479.FU Lixin,HE Kebin,HE Dongquan,et al.A study on models of mobile source emission factors[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,1997,17(4):474-479.
[8]霍红,贺克斌,王歧东.机动车污染排放模型研究综述[J].环境污染与防治,2006,28(7):526-530.HUO Hong,HE Kebin,WANG Qidong.A review of vehicle emission models[J].Environmental pollution and control,2006,28(7):526-530.
[9]黄琼,于雷,杨方,等.机动车尾气排放评价模型研究综述[J].交通环保,2003,24(6):28-31.HUANG Qiong,YU Lei,YANG Fang,et al.A synthesis of mobile emission evaluation models[J].Traffic Environmental Protection,2003,24(6):28-31.
[10]何东全,郝吉明,贺克斌,等.应用模式计算机动车排放因子[J].环境科学,1998,19(3):7-10.HE Dongquan,HAO Jiming,HE Kebin,et al.Vehicle emission factors determination using model calculation[J].Environmental Science,1998,19(3):7-10.
[11]毕晔,葛蕴珊,韩秀坤.基于MOBILE 6.2的北京市出租车排放污染物分析[J].安全与环境,2007,7(2):61-64.BI Ye,GE Yunshan,HAN Xiukun.Analysis of emission pollutants from Beijing taxi based on MOBILE 6.2[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2007,7(2):61-64.
[12]任小平.基于MOBILE 6.2模型的西安市机动车综合排放因子研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2006.REN Xiaoping.Studies on vehicle emission factor in Xi’an city under mobile 6.2mobile source emission factor model[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2006.
[13]郭慧,张清宇,施耀,等.杭州市区机动车危险气态污染物排放的模型计算[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2007,4(17):1223-1228.GUO Hui,ZHANG Qingyu,SHI Yao,et al.Estimation of motor vehicle air toxic emissions in urban area of Hangzhou,China[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2007,4(17):1223-1228.
[14]蒋秋静,卢彬.基于MOBILE 6.2的机动车气态污染物排放量与分担率研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2013,44(1):81-84.JIANG Qiujing,LU Bin.Gaseous pollutant emission and sharing rates by vehicle classes based on mobile 6.2[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2013,44(1):81-84.
[15]胡迪峰.宁波市机动车尾气排放特征及污染防治对策研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.HU Difeng.Research on pollution characteristic of vehicle exhausts in Ningbo and its prevention measurement[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2008.
[16]张承中,张鹏飞,刘立忠.北方城市机动车排放因子简化模型的确定[J].山西建筑,2007,33(6):346-347.Zhang Chengzhong,ZHANG Pengfei,LIU Lizhong.The setting of simplified model of discharging factor of vehicle in northern cities[J].Shanxi Architecture,2007,33(6):346-347.