超特长隧洞TBM集群试掘进阶段适应性分析
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摘要
北疆供水二期工程总长540 km,主要由西二隧洞(139.04 km)、喀双隧洞(283.27 km)和双三隧洞(92.15 km)组成,隧洞占总长度的95.6%,均为深埋超特长隧洞,其中喀双隧洞是目前世界上已建和在建的最长输水隧洞。分析本工程的特点及地质情况,得出主要施工难题为长距离掘进关键设备耐久性、穿越断层破碎带、围岩突涌水防控、长距离独头通风及运输、反坡排水、破岩效率及快速掘进等。试掘进结果表明:1)勘察设计提供的地质情况与施工揭示的地质情况基本一致,这为高效掘进提供了基本条件。2)敞开式TBM能较好地适应Ⅱ、Ⅲ类围岩、节理裂隙带及小规模断层;而对于规模较大的断层破碎带及富水地层,则适应性较差,还有待于从设备、支护及施工技术方面加以改进。3)试掘进阶段TBM设备系统平均完好率达89.9%,但仍有一些设备故障率较高,有的还出现了主轴承密封圈漏油现象;为了实现长距离掘进,还需进一步提高设备的可靠性和耐久性。4)试掘进阶段平均纯掘进时间占比为29.6%,其中双三Ⅱ标TBM1平均纯掘进时间占比高达45.2%,最高月进尺达到1 280 m,创造了国内同类地质条件掘进最高记录。5)随着掘进进尺的不断增加,TBM集群要达到设备系统90%以上的完好率、支撑40%以上的纯掘进工时率的目标,还需要付出巨大努力。
The total length of the 2nd stage water transfer project in the northern area of Xinjiang of China is 540 km.The project consists of three tunnels,namely Xi-Er( XE) Tunnel,Ka-Shuang( KS) Tunnel and Shuang-San( SS)Tunnel,with lengths of 139.04 km,283.27 km and 92.15 km respectively. All of these three tunnels have deep cover and are super-long tunnels,and 95.6% of the total length of these three tunnels is constructed by TBMs. KS Tunnel is the longest water tunnel built or under construction in the world. In the paper,the trial TBM boring scheme and schedule of the water transfer project are introduced; the geological conditions revealed are statistically analyzed; and main project difficulties,i.e. durability of key equipment in long distance driving,passing through fault and fracture zones,water inrush,single-head ventilation and transportation in long-distance tunneling,anti-slope drainage,and rock breaking efficiency and boring efficiency,are put forward. The adaptability of the TBMs used is analyzed from the aspects of adaptability to different surrounding rocks,adaptability to bad geological conditions and countermeasures,long-distance ventilation and belt conveyor mucking and countermeasures,and TBM boring stability( such as equipment availability,boring time proportion,system malfunction and operation time). The following conclusions are obtained:( 1) Accurate geological survey is the precondition of efficient tunneling.( 2) The open type TBM can better adapt to Grade Ⅱ and Ⅲof surrounding rocks,jointed and fractured zones and small faults; the adaptability of the TBMs used to the large-scale fault-fracture zones and water-rich strata in this project is poor,and it needs to be improved in aspects of TBM equipment,supporting and construction technology.( 3) The average availability of the TBM equipment in the trial boring stage is 89.9%,however,the malfunction rate of some ancillary equipment is high,particularly oil leakages occur to the main bearing seals; in order to achieve long-distance tunneling,it is necessary to further improve the reliability and durability of the TBM equipment.( 4) The average net boring efficiency in the trial boring stage is 29. 6%,and TBM1 in Section Ⅱ of SS Tunnel achieves up to 45.2 % net boring efficiency; and highest monthly progress rate is 1280 m,which created the highest record of the open type TBM boring in China.( 5) TBM need to make great efforts to achieve 90% of the equipment system's availability and over 40% of the tunneling efficiency.
The total length of the 2nd stage water transfer project in the northern area of Xinjiang of China is 540 km.The project consists of three tunnels,namely Xi-Er( XE) Tunnel,Ka-Shuang( KS) Tunnel and Shuang-San( SS)Tunnel,with lengths of 139.04 km,283.27 km and 92.15 km respectively. All of these three tunnels have deep cover and are super-long tunnels,and 95.6% of the total length of these three tunnels is constructed by TBMs. KS Tunnel is the longest water tunnel built or under construction in the world. In the paper,the trial TBM boring scheme and schedule of the water transfer project are introduced; the geological conditions revealed are statistically analyzed; and main project difficulties,i.e. durability of key equipment in long distance driving,passing through fault and fracture zones,water inrush,single-head ventilation and transportation in long-distance tunneling,anti-slope drainage,and rock breaking efficiency and boring efficiency,are put forward. The adaptability of the TBMs used is analyzed from the aspects of adaptability to different surrounding rocks,adaptability to bad geological conditions and countermeasures,long-distance ventilation and belt conveyor mucking and countermeasures,and TBM boring stability( such as equipment availability,boring time proportion,system malfunction and operation time). The following conclusions are obtained:( 1) Accurate geological survey is the precondition of efficient tunneling.( 2) The open type TBM can better adapt to Grade Ⅱ and Ⅲof surrounding rocks,jointed and fractured zones and small faults; the adaptability of the TBMs used to the large-scale fault-fracture zones and water-rich strata in this project is poor,and it needs to be improved in aspects of TBM equipment,supporting and construction technology.( 3) The average availability of the TBM equipment in the trial boring stage is 89.9%,however,the malfunction rate of some ancillary equipment is high,particularly oil leakages occur to the main bearing seals; in order to achieve long-distance tunneling,it is necessary to further improve the reliability and durability of the TBM equipment.( 4) The average net boring efficiency in the trial boring stage is 29. 6%,and TBM1 in Section Ⅱ of SS Tunnel achieves up to 45.2 % net boring efficiency; and highest monthly progress rate is 1280 m,which created the highest record of the open type TBM boring in China.( 5) TBM need to make great efforts to achieve 90% of the equipment system's availability and over 40% of the tunneling efficiency.
引文
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[11]张金荣.大瑞铁路高黎贡山隧道开敞式TBM施工适应性研究[J].中国新技术新产品,2011(9):73.ZHANG Jinrong. Study of construction adaptability of open TBM in Gaoligongshan Tunnel of Darui Railway[J]. China New Technologies and Products,2011(9):73.
[12]李建斌,陈馈.双护盾TBM的技术特点及工程应用[J].建筑机械化,2006(3):46.LI Jianbin,CHEN Kui. Technique characters of double shield machine TBM and its application in projects[J].Construction Mechanization,2006(3):46.
[13] FONT-CAPOJ,VAZQUEZ-SUNEE,CARRERA J,et al.Groundwater inflow prediction in urban tunneling with a tunnel boring machine(TBM)[J]. Engineering Geology,2011(1):46.
[14]山西省万家寨引黄工程管理局.双护盾TBM的应用与研究[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2011.Shanxi Wanjiazhai Yellow River Diversion Project Administration Bureau. Application and research of double shield TBM[M]. Beijing:China Power Press,2011.
[15]王复明,范永丰,郭成超.非水反应类高聚物注浆渗漏水处治工程实践[J].水力发电学报,2018,37(10):1.WANG Fuming,FAN Yongfeng,GUO Chengchao. Practice of non-water-reacting polymer grouting treatment to seepage[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2018,37(10):1.
[2] DENG Mingjiang. Challenges and thoughts on risk management and control for the group construction of a super-long tunnel by TBM[J]. Engineering,2018,4:112.
[3]宁向可,姜桥,田鹏.国产双护盾TBM在兰州市水源地建设工程中的应用[J].隧道建设,2017,37(增刊1):149.NING Xiangke, JIANG Qiao, TIAN Peng. Application of domestic double-shield TBM to construction of Lanzhou Water Source Project[J]. Tunnel Construction,2017,37(S1):149.
[4]邓铭江.深埋超特长输水隧洞TBM集群施工关键技术探析[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(4):577.DENG Mingjiang. Key techniques for groupconstruction of deep-buried and super-long water transfer tunnel by TBM[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(4):577.
[5]李凌志.引汉济渭秦岭特长输水隧洞[J].隧道建设(中英文),2018,38(1):148.LI Lingzhi. Super-long Qinling Tunnel for Han River to Wei River Water Diversion Project[J]. Tunnel Construction,2018,38(1):148.
[6]尚彦军,杨志法,曾庆利,等. TBM施工遇险工程地质问题分析和失误的反思[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2404.SHANG Yanjun, YANG Zhifa, ZENG Qingli,et al.Retrospective analysis of TBM accidents from its poor flexibility to complicated geological conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2007, 26(12):2404.
[7] ZHAO J,GONG Q M,EISENSTEN Z. Tunnelling through a frequently changing and mixed ground:a case history in Singapore[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2007,22:388.
[8] HASSANPOUR J,ROSTAMI J,ZHAO J. A new hard rock TBM performance prediction model for project planning[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2011,26:595.
[9] RIBACCHI R,LEMBO FAZIO A. Influence of rock mass parameters on the performance of a TBM in a gneissic formation(Varzo Tunnel)[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2005,38(2):105.
[10]刘春.关于修建乌鞘岭隧道采用TBM的可行性分析[J].铁道工程学报,2002(4):86.LIU Chun. Feasibility analysis concerned with construction of Wuxiaoling Tunnel by adopting TBM[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2002(4):86.
[11]张金荣.大瑞铁路高黎贡山隧道开敞式TBM施工适应性研究[J].中国新技术新产品,2011(9):73.ZHANG Jinrong. Study of construction adaptability of open TBM in Gaoligongshan Tunnel of Darui Railway[J]. China New Technologies and Products,2011(9):73.
[12]李建斌,陈馈.双护盾TBM的技术特点及工程应用[J].建筑机械化,2006(3):46.LI Jianbin,CHEN Kui. Technique characters of double shield machine TBM and its application in projects[J].Construction Mechanization,2006(3):46.
[13] FONT-CAPOJ,VAZQUEZ-SUNEE,CARRERA J,et al.Groundwater inflow prediction in urban tunneling with a tunnel boring machine(TBM)[J]. Engineering Geology,2011(1):46.
[14]山西省万家寨引黄工程管理局.双护盾TBM的应用与研究[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2011.Shanxi Wanjiazhai Yellow River Diversion Project Administration Bureau. Application and research of double shield TBM[M]. Beijing:China Power Press,2011.
[15]王复明,范永丰,郭成超.非水反应类高聚物注浆渗漏水处治工程实践[J].水力发电学报,2018,37(10):1.WANG Fuming,FAN Yongfeng,GUO Chengchao. Practice of non-water-reacting polymer grouting treatment to seepage[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2018,37(10):1.