低频电磁探测技术在煤层气富集区的应用
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摘要
以沁水盆地胡底矿区为例,根据实际情况设计野外电磁探测方案,开展探测试验;基于多元电磁探测数据,从地质解译、构造及煤储层参数定量评估等多角度实现煤层气富集区探测。研究结果表明:在地质解译方面,超低频电磁探测数据优势突出,可根据不同地层的电性特征有效识别不同岩层及煤储层;在断裂等构造解释方面,音频大地电磁探测数据获得的视电阻率二维反演结果可准确提取陷落柱及断层信息,且其位置分布及特征与地震数据基本吻合,对小断层识别效果较好;在煤储层参数定量评估方面,超低频电磁探测曲线异常中心深度、范围及幅值平均值分别与煤储层埋深、厚度及含气量相关性较好,为定量评价提供了数据支持,通过采用支持向量机算法构建煤储层含气量评估模型,预测精度达87.33%,与实测含气量的平均误差仅为0.17m3/t。基于多元低频电磁探测数据可从多角度为煤层气富集区的圈定提供参考。
A field experiment of low-frequency magneto-telluric detection was designed and conducted in Hudi,Qinshui Basin.Based on the processed multisource electromagnetic data of this survey,the geological evaluation and coalbed parameter analysis are carried out in order to detect the coalbed methane(CBM).The following understandings are obtained:A.Different lithologic layers and coalbeds can be effectively identified on super-low frequency(SLF)electromagnetic data;B.Collapse pillars and faults can be extracted from 2 Dapparent resistivity inversion of audio frequency electromagnetic(AMT)data and they are consistent with that of seismic data.And subtle beds are also identified;C.The anomaly center depth,anomaly scope,and its average magnitude of SLF data have good correlation respectively with the buried depth,thickness,and gas content of coal reservoirs.The prediction accuracy of gas content is87.33% with a coalbed methane evaluation model supported by vector machines,and the average error is only 0.17 m3/t.Our research proves that the low-frequency magnetotelluric detection is effective in the CBM exploration.
A field experiment of low-frequency magneto-telluric detection was designed and conducted in Hudi,Qinshui Basin.Based on the processed multisource electromagnetic data of this survey,the geological evaluation and coalbed parameter analysis are carried out in order to detect the coalbed methane(CBM).The following understandings are obtained:A.Different lithologic layers and coalbeds can be effectively identified on super-low frequency(SLF)electromagnetic data;B.Collapse pillars and faults can be extracted from 2 Dapparent resistivity inversion of audio frequency electromagnetic(AMT)data and they are consistent with that of seismic data.And subtle beds are also identified;C.The anomaly center depth,anomaly scope,and its average magnitude of SLF data have good correlation respectively with the buried depth,thickness,and gas content of coal reservoirs.The prediction accuracy of gas content is87.33% with a coalbed methane evaluation model supported by vector machines,and the average error is only 0.17 m3/t.Our research proves that the low-frequency magnetotelluric detection is effective in the CBM exploration.
引文
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[9]王恩元,何学秋.煤岩变形破裂电磁辐射的实验研究.地球物理学报,2000,43(1):131-137.Wang Enyuan,He Xueqiu.An experimental study of the electromagnetic emission during the deformation and fracture of coal or rock.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2000,43(1):131-137.
[10]何学秋,薛二龙,聂百胜等.含瓦斯煤岩流变特性研究.辽宁工程技术大学学报,2007,26(2):201-203.He Xueqiu,Xue Erlong,Nie Baisheng et al.Research on rheology characteristics of coal or rock containing gas.Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2007,26(2):201-203.
[11]薛二龙,何学秋,聂百胜等.煤岩瓦斯电磁辐射耦合理论研究.中国矿业,2005,14(12):71-73.Xue Erlong,He Xueqiu,Nie Baisheng et al.Research on coupling theory of coal or rock gas and electromagnetic emission.China Mining Magazine,2005,14(12):71-73.
[12]李建,丁美莲.超低频地质遥感探测装置在瓦斯气探测中的应用.中国煤田地质,2005,17(4):54-56.Li Jian,Ding Meilian.Application of ULF geological remote sensing device in gas detection.Coal Geology of China,2005,17(4):54-56.
[13]蒋洪波,秦其明,李百寿.煤层气排采动态的被动式超低频频谱分析.光谱学与光谱分析,2011,31(7):1898-1901.Jiang Hongbo,Qin Qiming,Li Baishou.Passive SLF spectrum analysis for tracing the mining dynamic of CBM.Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2011,31(7):1898-1901.
[14]王楠,秦其明,陈理等.天然源超低频电磁探测技术在煤储层识别中的应用.煤炭学报,2014,39(1):141-146.Wang Nan,Qin Qiming,Chen Li et al.Natural source super-low frequency electromagnetic prospecting in the application of coal-bed methane reservoir identification.Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(1):141-146.
[15] Wang Nan,Qin Qiming,Chen Li et al.Dynamic monitoring of coalbed methane reservoirs using super-low frequency electromagnetic prospecting.International Journal of Coal Geology,2014,127:24-41.
[16]祁晓雨,许广春,李志华.天然源大地电磁法在构造勘察中的应用研究.铁道工程学报,2011,28(12):11-14.Qi Xiaoyu,Xu Guangchun,Li Zhihua.Research on application of natural source audio frequency magnetotelluricsin structure exploration.Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2011,28(12):11-14.
[17]马龙,孟军海,付强等.独立分量分析在重磁数据处理中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(6):1344-1353.Ma Long,Meng Junhai,Fu Qiang et al.Application of independent component analysis in gravity and magnetic data processing.OGP,2017,52(6):1344-1353.
[18]陈文华.音频大地电磁法及其今后的研究方向.石油地球物理勘探,1981,16(3):62-74.Chen Wenhua.Audio-frequency magnetotelluric method and the direction in future study.OGP,1981,16(3):62-74.
[19]王玫珠,王勃,孙粉锦等.沁水盆地煤层气富集高产区定量评价.天然气地球科学,2017,28(7):1108-1114.Wang Meizhu,Wang Bo,Sun Fenjin et al.Quantitative evaluation of CBM enrichment and high yield of Qinshui Basin.Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(7):1108-1114.
[20]闫文华,陈宗翠,马喜梅等.煤层气地震解释技术应用及效果——以沁水盆地郑庄区块三维为例.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(增刊1):66-71.Yan Wenhua,Chen Zongcui,Ma Ximei et al.3Dseismic interpretation of coalbed methane in Zhengzhuang Block,Qinshui Basin.OGP,2012,47(S1):66-71.
[21]霍丽娜,张建军,郑良合等.多属性断层解释技术在煤层气储层解释中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(增刊1):221-227.Huo Lina,Zhang Jianjun,Zheng Lianghe et al.Fault interpretation with multiple attributes in coalbed methane interpretation.OGP,2014,49(S1):221-227.
[22]程正璞,胡祥云,李烨等.民丰凹陷大地电磁探测研究.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(2):391-403.Cheng Zhengpu,Hu Xiangyun,Li Ye et al.A magnetotelluric survey in Minfeng Sag.OGP,2016,51(2):391-403.
[23]张宝强,裴建新,王启.基于构造系统函数的大地电磁时间序列模拟方法.石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(2):410-417.Zhang Baoqiang,Pei Jianxin,Wang Qi.MT time series simulation based on constructed system function.OGP,2018,53(2):410-417.
[2]常锁亮,刘大锰,王明寿.煤层气勘探开发中地震勘探技术的作用及应用方法探讨.中国煤层气,2008(2):23-27.Chang Suoliang,Liu Dameng,Wang Mingshou.Study on the effect and application methods of seismic technique in CBM exploration and exploitation.China Coalbed Methane,2008(2):23-27.
[3]冯小英,秦凤启,焦勇等.沁水盆地煤层气地震储层预测技术方法研究.中国煤层气,2011(6):8-12.Feng Xiaoying,Qin Fengqi,Jiao Yong et al.Study of seismic method for forecasting of CBM reservoir in Qinshui basin.China Coalbed Methane,2011(6):8-12.
[4]张松扬.煤层气地球物理测井技术现状及发展趋势.测井技术,2009,33(1):9-15.Zhang Songyang.Actualities and progresses of coalbed methane geophysical logging technologies.Well Logging Technology,2009,33(1):9-15.
[5]顾军,高德利,杨昌龙.大地电磁测深法探测地下油气资源的解释模型.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(1):56-61.Gu Jun,Gao Deli,Yang Changlong.Interpretative model of underground oil and gas resources based on magnetotelluric sounding method.Journal of China University of Petroleum(Natural Science Edition),2006,30(1):56-61.
[6]魏冬,王宏语.地球物理技术在煤层气勘探中的应用.洁净煤技术,2011,17(5):52-55.Wei Dong,Wang Hongyu.Application of geophysical technique on coal bed methane exploration.Clean Coal Technology,2011,17(5):52-55.
[7]任岐山,朱亮宝.煤层气地球物理勘探技术方法.科技信息,2014,31(2):235-236.Ren Qishan,Zhu Liangbao.Geophysical technique of coal bed methane exploration.Science and Technology Information,2014,31(2):235-236.
[8]王绪本,陈进超,郭全仕等.沁水盆地北部煤层气富集区CSAMT勘探试验研究.地球物理学报,2013,56(12):4310-4323.Wang Xuben,Chen Jinchao,Guo Quanshi et al.Research of the CSAMT exploration mode and experiment for the coalbed methane enrichment region in the north Qinshui basin.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(12):4310-4323.
[9]王恩元,何学秋.煤岩变形破裂电磁辐射的实验研究.地球物理学报,2000,43(1):131-137.Wang Enyuan,He Xueqiu.An experimental study of the electromagnetic emission during the deformation and fracture of coal or rock.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2000,43(1):131-137.
[10]何学秋,薛二龙,聂百胜等.含瓦斯煤岩流变特性研究.辽宁工程技术大学学报,2007,26(2):201-203.He Xueqiu,Xue Erlong,Nie Baisheng et al.Research on rheology characteristics of coal or rock containing gas.Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2007,26(2):201-203.
[11]薛二龙,何学秋,聂百胜等.煤岩瓦斯电磁辐射耦合理论研究.中国矿业,2005,14(12):71-73.Xue Erlong,He Xueqiu,Nie Baisheng et al.Research on coupling theory of coal or rock gas and electromagnetic emission.China Mining Magazine,2005,14(12):71-73.
[12]李建,丁美莲.超低频地质遥感探测装置在瓦斯气探测中的应用.中国煤田地质,2005,17(4):54-56.Li Jian,Ding Meilian.Application of ULF geological remote sensing device in gas detection.Coal Geology of China,2005,17(4):54-56.
[13]蒋洪波,秦其明,李百寿.煤层气排采动态的被动式超低频频谱分析.光谱学与光谱分析,2011,31(7):1898-1901.Jiang Hongbo,Qin Qiming,Li Baishou.Passive SLF spectrum analysis for tracing the mining dynamic of CBM.Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2011,31(7):1898-1901.
[14]王楠,秦其明,陈理等.天然源超低频电磁探测技术在煤储层识别中的应用.煤炭学报,2014,39(1):141-146.Wang Nan,Qin Qiming,Chen Li et al.Natural source super-low frequency electromagnetic prospecting in the application of coal-bed methane reservoir identification.Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(1):141-146.
[15] Wang Nan,Qin Qiming,Chen Li et al.Dynamic monitoring of coalbed methane reservoirs using super-low frequency electromagnetic prospecting.International Journal of Coal Geology,2014,127:24-41.
[16]祁晓雨,许广春,李志华.天然源大地电磁法在构造勘察中的应用研究.铁道工程学报,2011,28(12):11-14.Qi Xiaoyu,Xu Guangchun,Li Zhihua.Research on application of natural source audio frequency magnetotelluricsin structure exploration.Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2011,28(12):11-14.
[17]马龙,孟军海,付强等.独立分量分析在重磁数据处理中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(6):1344-1353.Ma Long,Meng Junhai,Fu Qiang et al.Application of independent component analysis in gravity and magnetic data processing.OGP,2017,52(6):1344-1353.
[18]陈文华.音频大地电磁法及其今后的研究方向.石油地球物理勘探,1981,16(3):62-74.Chen Wenhua.Audio-frequency magnetotelluric method and the direction in future study.OGP,1981,16(3):62-74.
[19]王玫珠,王勃,孙粉锦等.沁水盆地煤层气富集高产区定量评价.天然气地球科学,2017,28(7):1108-1114.Wang Meizhu,Wang Bo,Sun Fenjin et al.Quantitative evaluation of CBM enrichment and high yield of Qinshui Basin.Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(7):1108-1114.
[20]闫文华,陈宗翠,马喜梅等.煤层气地震解释技术应用及效果——以沁水盆地郑庄区块三维为例.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(增刊1):66-71.Yan Wenhua,Chen Zongcui,Ma Ximei et al.3Dseismic interpretation of coalbed methane in Zhengzhuang Block,Qinshui Basin.OGP,2012,47(S1):66-71.
[21]霍丽娜,张建军,郑良合等.多属性断层解释技术在煤层气储层解释中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(增刊1):221-227.Huo Lina,Zhang Jianjun,Zheng Lianghe et al.Fault interpretation with multiple attributes in coalbed methane interpretation.OGP,2014,49(S1):221-227.
[22]程正璞,胡祥云,李烨等.民丰凹陷大地电磁探测研究.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(2):391-403.Cheng Zhengpu,Hu Xiangyun,Li Ye et al.A magnetotelluric survey in Minfeng Sag.OGP,2016,51(2):391-403.
[23]张宝强,裴建新,王启.基于构造系统函数的大地电磁时间序列模拟方法.石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(2):410-417.Zhang Baoqiang,Pei Jianxin,Wang Qi.MT time series simulation based on constructed system function.OGP,2018,53(2):410-417.