岩溶隧道瞬变电磁三维超前探测技术研究
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摘要
针对岩溶发育地区隧道开挖时现有地质预报技术对岩溶突水较难做出准确预测的问题,设计出大断面三维多匝小回线瞬变电磁探测技术。依据岩溶发育特点,采用数值模拟方法对隧道掌子面前方25 m和50 m处不同体积富水溶洞进行模拟,研究掌子面前方不同距离和规模的低阻异常体瞬变电磁响应特征。基于数值模拟结果,在张吉怀铁路古丈隧道岩溶发育段进行探测验证,结果表明:1)溶洞模型在二维视电阻率等值线断面图上25 m和50 m处形成闭合、视电阻值小于60Ω·m的低阻区,低阻区与设计的模拟体的位置和范围一致; 2)大断面三维多匝小回线瞬变电磁探测三维显示结果与现场实际揭露情况基本吻合,采用该技术能够准确预报掌子面前方17～30 m、隧道两侧20 m到隧道中轴线的充泥含水溶洞。
It is difficult to accurately predict the karst water burst by existing geological prediction technology during tunnel construction in karst region.Hence,a transient electromagnetic detection technology with large cross-section fixed-point and three-dimensional multi-small-line is designed.And then according to the karst development characteristics,the caves with different sizes 25 m and 50 m ahead of tunnel face are simulated by numerical simulation method,and the transient electromagnetic response characteristics of low-resistance anomalous bodies with different sizes and distances from tunnel face are studied.Finally,the engineering practice is carried out in Guzhang Tunnel on Zhangjiajie-Jishou-Huaihua Railway to verify the simulation results.The results show that:(1) A closed low-resistance region with apparent resistance value less than 60 Ω·m is formed 25 m and 50 m ahead of tunnel face on 2 D apparent resistivity contour map;and then the position and range of the low-resistance region is in accordance with those of design models.(2) The results revealed by transient electromagnetic detection technology with large cross-section fixed-point and three-dimensional multi-small-line are basically consistent with the actual situations;and the karst 17-30 m ahead of tunnel face and 20 m from both left and right side of tunnel to axial line can be accurately predicted by the above-mentioned technology.
It is difficult to accurately predict the karst water burst by existing geological prediction technology during tunnel construction in karst region.Hence,a transient electromagnetic detection technology with large cross-section fixed-point and three-dimensional multi-small-line is designed.And then according to the karst development characteristics,the caves with different sizes 25 m and 50 m ahead of tunnel face are simulated by numerical simulation method,and the transient electromagnetic response characteristics of low-resistance anomalous bodies with different sizes and distances from tunnel face are studied.Finally,the engineering practice is carried out in Guzhang Tunnel on Zhangjiajie-Jishou-Huaihua Railway to verify the simulation results.The results show that:(1) A closed low-resistance region with apparent resistance value less than 60 Ω·m is formed 25 m and 50 m ahead of tunnel face on 2 D apparent resistivity contour map;and then the position and range of the low-resistance region is in accordance with those of design models.(2) The results revealed by transient electromagnetic detection technology with large cross-section fixed-point and three-dimensional multi-small-line are basically consistent with the actual situations;and the karst 17-30 m ahead of tunnel face and 20 m from both left and right side of tunnel to axial line can be accurately predicted by the above-mentioned technology.
引文
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[14]邢修举.矿井瞬变电磁超前探测陷落柱三维可视化技术[J].中国煤炭,2018,44(10):60.XING Xiuju.3D visualization technology of collapse column advanced detection by mine transient electromagnetic method[J].China Coal,2018,44(10):60.
[15]刘明伟,秦之富,李雄周,等.瞬变电磁法三维可视化技术在隧道超前探测水害中的应用研究[J].公路交通技术,2017,33(3):105.LIU Mingwei,QIN Zhifu,LI Xiongzhou,et al.Application of 3D visualization technology of transient electromagnetic method in detecting water damage in tunnel[J].Technology of Highway and Transport,2017,33(3):105.
[16]CHANG Jianghao,YU Jingcun,LIU Zhixin.Threedimensional numerical modeling of full-space transient electromagnetic responses of water in goaf[J].Applied Geophysics,2016,13(3):539.
[2]舒森.岩溶隧道突水突泥预报综合评估[J].铁道标准设计,2015,59(4):72.SHU Sen.Comprehensive assessment of prediction of water and mud bursting in karst tunnel[J].Railway Standard Design,2015,59(4):72.
[3]杨卓,马超.基于BP神经网络方法的岩溶隧道突涌水风险预测[J].隧道建设,2016,36(11):1337.YANG Zhuo,MA Chao.Risk prediction of water inrush of karst tunnels based on BP neural network[J].Tunnel Construction,2016,36(11):1337.
[4]叶英.岩溶隧道施工超前地质预报方法研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2006.YE Ying.Tunnel construction ahead geological forecasting method research in karst area[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2006.
[5]袁宗征.地质雷达在岩溶隧道超前地质预报中的应用[J].勘察科学技术,2018,2(2):58.YUAN Zongzheng.Application of geological radar on advanced geological prediction for karst tunnel[J].Site Investigation Science and Technology,2018,2(2):58.
[6]朱保健.TSP法及地质雷达法相结合在隧道超前地质预报中的应用[J].铁道勘察,2017,43(5):60.ZHU Baojian.The application of combining TSP with GPRin geology forecast of tunnel[J].Railway Investigation and Surveying,2017,43(5):60.
[7]钱七虎.隧道工程建设地质预报及信息化技术的主要进展及发展方向[J].隧道建设,2017,37(3):251.QIAN Qihu.Main developments and directions of geological prediction and informatized technology of tunnel construction[J].Tunnel Construction,2017,37(3):251.
[8]于景邨.矿井瞬变电磁法勘探[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2007.YU Jingcun.Mine transient electromagnetic exploration[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining&Technology Press,2007.
[9]薛国强,宋建平,武军杰,等.瞬变电磁法探测公路隧道工程中的不良地质构造[J].长安大学学报(地球科学版),2003(4):73.XUE Guoqiang,SONG Jianping,WU Junjie,et al.Application of tem to detect the harmful geological structures in highway tunnel engineering[J].Journal of Chang'an University(Earth Science Edition),2003(4):73.
[10]李貅,武军杰,曹大明,等.一种隧道水体不良地质体超前地质预报方法:瞬变电磁法[J].工程勘察,2006,3(3):70.LI Xiu,WU Junjie,CAO Daming,et al.Advanced geologic forecasting for unfavorable geological body with water:Transient electromagnetic method[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2006,3(3):70.
[11]谭代明.隧道超前探水全空间瞬变电磁理论及其应用研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2009.TAN Daiming.Research on theory and application for advanced prediction of water by whole space transient electromagnetism[D].Chendu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2009.
[12]赵雪平.隧道全空间瞬变电磁法正演数值模拟及应用研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2017.ZHAO Xueping.Research on numerical simulation and application of transient electromagnetic method in tunnel full space[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2017.
[13]孙怀凤.隧道含水构造三维瞬变电磁场响应特征及突水灾害源预报研究[D].济南:山东大学,2013.SUN Huaifeng.Three-dimensional transient electromagnetic responses of water bearing structures in tunnels and prediction of water inrush sources[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2013.
[14]邢修举.矿井瞬变电磁超前探测陷落柱三维可视化技术[J].中国煤炭,2018,44(10):60.XING Xiuju.3D visualization technology of collapse column advanced detection by mine transient electromagnetic method[J].China Coal,2018,44(10):60.
[15]刘明伟,秦之富,李雄周,等.瞬变电磁法三维可视化技术在隧道超前探测水害中的应用研究[J].公路交通技术,2017,33(3):105.LIU Mingwei,QIN Zhifu,LI Xiongzhou,et al.Application of 3D visualization technology of transient electromagnetic method in detecting water damage in tunnel[J].Technology of Highway and Transport,2017,33(3):105.
[16]CHANG Jianghao,YU Jingcun,LIU Zhixin.Threedimensional numerical modeling of full-space transient electromagnetic responses of water in goaf[J].Applied Geophysics,2016,13(3):539.